形容词副词用法.docx

形容词副词的原级、比较级、最高级
一、形容词的用法 修饰名词，表示名词的属性。在句子中充当表语、定语和宾补
1）用作定语，修饰名词或代词： He lives a happy life. I have a good friend.
2）用作表语，放在be动词后，也可放在连系动词后： The story is interesting. She looks young.
3）用作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语进行补充说明： We should keep our classroom clean.
He tells funny jokes and always makes me happy.
考考你：（什么词性？什么成分？） The bedroom is bright.
He gave us an important report. The news made her happy.
二、副词的用法
表示行为和状态的特征，作状语，在句中修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，甚至修饰整个句子，还能作表语、定语和宾补。
He studies English hard. （作状语修饰动词短语） His hand writing is very good. （作状语修饰形容词）
He writes very carefully. （作状语修饰副词） Sometimes he walks to school. （作状语修饰整句）
Class is over. （作表语） The weather here is very hot. （作定语）
I found the boy over there. （作宾补）
考考你：（什么词性？什么成分？）
She will be back next week. Do you see the man there?
He found the meeting over when he got there. The wind is blowing hard.
The tea is very hot. He drives very carefully.
三、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级
A、原级的概念及其用法
1、阐述某人或某物自身的情况时，用原级。（不进行任何变化，即原形）
The film is so interesting! What a wet day!
He is very old now. The dog runs quite fast.
出现了so, very, quite, rather, too,enough用形容词或副词的原级。
2. 原级的比较 A和B在某方面一样 as… as
I got up as early as Mum this morning.我起得和妈妈一样早。
Tom is as tall as his sister. Tom和他妹妹一样高。
He runs as fast as I do.
表示A不如B，用not as/so … as …
Tom isn’t as/so tall as his sister. Tom不如他妹妹高。
I didn’t get up as early as Mum.我起得不如妈妈早。
He doesn’t run as fast as I do.
【想一想】这两个句子可以用比较级替换吗？

其余的原级比较： be the same as … be different from …
Tom’s bag is the same as . (I)
My coat is different from . (she)
【形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成】
一般+er/est
cold-colder-coldest smart-smarter-smartest tall-taller-tallest
cheap-cheaper-cheapest
不发音e+r/st
nice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest
重读闭音节双写辅音字母+er/est
slim-slimmer-slimmest fat-fatter-fattest wet-wetter-wettest
thin-thinner-thinnest hot-hotter-hottest red-redder-reddest
sad-sadder-saddest glad
部分辅音字母+y,改y为i +er/est
early – earlier-earliest busy-busier-busiest angry-angrier-angriest
healthy-healthier-healthiest hungry-hungrier-hungriest tidy – tidier – tidiest
dirty – dirtier – dirtiest lucky – luckier- luckiest easy – easier –easiest
happy- happier – happiest pretty – prettier –prettiest thirsty, friendly,
多音节+more/most
tired-more tired-most tired difficult-more difficult-most difficult
expensive, dangerous, comfortable, beautiful, modern
不规则
见表格

B、比较级概念及其用法 两者或两类事物之间的比较用比较级。
Tom is taller than I (am).
Tom got up earlier than I (did).
Who sings better, Tom or May?
①比较级句子构成…… 动词+比较级+than sb
他跑得比我快。 He runs faster than I do .
May唱歌比我好。 May sings better than I do.
Tom学习比我努力。 Tom studies harder than I.
修饰比较级常用的词有：much, even, a little, far, a bit
even taller 甚至更高 much taller 高多了 much more expensive
②比较事物要属于同类，要有可比性。
My bag is more expensive than .(Tom)
Their classroom looks bigger than .(we)
在比较级中，用that代替上述出现过的不可数名词或可数名词单数，用those代替上述出现过的复数名词。(ones)
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai .(上海)
The apples in the box are bigger than the ones/those in the fridge .(冰箱里的苹果)
③表示不同程度的比较时，主语不能包括在比较对象的范围内。
区别： any boy 任何一个男孩
any other boy 其他的任何一个男孩
the other boys 其余的男孩
Tom比他们班其他男孩都高。（2种） Tom is taller than in his class.
Tom is taller than in his class.
Shanghai is larger than in Jiangsu.
Shanghai is larger than in China. （2种）
Shanghai is larger than in Japan.
④表示两者中较……的一个，用the+比较级+of the two
He is the older of the two boys.
Which book is the more interesting of the two?
⑤表示越来越……用比较级＋比较级；多音节词用more and more …
Winter is coming. It’s getting colder and colder.
better and better
Things are getting more and more expensive.
⑥倒装句式the more… the more…越……就越……
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
The harder you study, the better marks you will get.
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
The more, the better.
⑦比较级和原级间的替换：
Tom isn’t as tall as Mike. ★ Mike is taller than Tom. Tom is shorter than Mike.

C、最高级概念及其用法
二者以上的比较，表示最……
Peter is the oldest boy of all.彼得是所有男孩中最高的。
London is the biggest city in Britain.伦敦是英国最大的城市。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最棒的电影。
Who runs fastest, Tom, Mike or David?
Among/Of the 6 girls, May is the tallest.这6个女孩中，May是最高的。
①最高级的范围有： of all, in Britain, in the world, in… among/of the 6 girls, ……
②形容词最高级前的the不可省，副词最高级前the 可省略。
Tom is the tallest boy among all the boys.
Tom got up (the) earliest among all the boys this morning.
③最高级和序数词连用
The Changjiang River is the third longest river in the world.
世界第三长河
the third largest country in the world世界第三大国
④考点：最高级和原级比较级之间的替换
Tom sings best in Class 1.
No one sings as well as Tom in Class 1.
★Tom sings better than any other student in Class 1.
the other students

Nobody sings better than Tom.
Tom sings the best.
Exercises
写出下列词的比较级和最高级
1. clean______________________ 2. short_______________________ 3.cold __________________________
4. smart ________________________ 5.cheap _______________________ 6.shy____________________________
7.few __________________________ 8.slow_________________________ 9.fine ___________________________
10.safe_________________________ 11.large_______________________ 12.nice__________________________
13.easy _________________________ 14. busy_______________________ 15. dirty _________________________
16.tidy__________________________17.lucky _______________________ 18.hungry________________________
19.early ________________________ 20.healthy________________________21.angry_________________________
22.thirsty_______________________ 23.happy__________________________24.noisy_________________________
25.pretty_______________________ 26.big_____________________________27 slim __________________________
28. fat _______________________ 29.sad ____________________________ 30.red___________________________
31 thin ________________________ 32 wet _____________________________33.hot __________________________
34.careful______________________ 35.quickly ___________________________ 36.tired________________________
37.beautiful_____________________38.expensive_________________________39.difficult______________________
40.interesting____________________41.exciting___________________________42.important ___________________
43.good/well_____________________44.little____________________________ 45.many/much__________________
46.bad/badly/ill___________________48.far _____________________________
翻译下列各句：
每天妈妈起床比我早。
Tom比Mike高。
我的书包比你的更漂亮。
我的自行车比她的更好。
我和Tom一样高。
我跑得和Tom一样快。
我不如Tom高。
我跑得不如Tom快。
吴聪比四班的其余男生都要高。
吴聪比五班的任何一个男生都要高。