非限定动词与独立结构公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,非限定动词与独立结构,Non-Finite Verb&the Absolute Construction,第1页,第1页,非限定动词（,Non-Finite Verb,）,指在句子中不是谓语动词，即动词非谓语形式。非限定动词除了不能独立作谓语外，能够承担句子任何成份。,三种形式：,不定式（,the Infinitive,）,Ing-分词（,ing-Participle,）,过去分词（,the Participle,）,第2页,第2页,不定式,the Infinitive,第3页,第3页,不定式（,the Infinitive,）I.形式,积极形式,被动形式,普通式,to do,to be done,完毕式,to have done,to have been done,进行式,to be doing,完毕进行式,to have been doing,第4页,第4页,II.不定式使用办法,不定式不能单独作谓语，没有些人称和数改变，含有名词、形容词和副词特性，并且还保留着动词特性，因而能够有状语修饰，假如是及物动词，还能够带宾语，从而构成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中能够作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。,前面能够加一些疑问代词，如what、who、which，或疑问副词，如when、where、how、why等，构成特殊不定式短语，如 what to do next,how to get there等。,第5页,第5页,III.不定式时态与语态,做好我们未来规划非常主要。,To make a plan for our future is important./,It is important to make a plan for the future.,我没想到后面尚有个聚会。,I didnt expect,there to be,a party ahead.,看到妈妈回家了，他假装在做作业,When he saw his mother back,he pretended to be doing his homework./Seeing his mother come back,he,第6页,第6页,能够结识她是我荣幸。,To have known her is my great honor./,It is my great honor to have known her.,对不起，让你久等了!,I am sorry to have kept you waiting.,听说John始终研究了一个晚上。,John is said to have been studying for a whole night./,It was said that John had been studying for a whole night.,第7页,第7页,得到别人尊重是他发自心扉愿望。,To be respected by others is the desire from the bottom of his heart.,我希望能够得到谅解。,I wish to be excused.,明天举办会议很主要。,The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.,给他这样一个机会，他很开心。,He was very pleased to have been given such an opportunity.,第8页,第8页,他别无选择，只能等待。,He could,do,nothing but/except,wait,./,He,had no choice,but,to wait,.,(之一:but/except前有do某种形式）,他只想洗洗手。,What he wanted to,do,was（to）,wash his hands,.,现在要做就是清除这些乱七八糟东西。,The thing to do now is(to)clear up the mess.,（之二：SVC句型中主语部分有do某种形式）,有do无to两种情况,第9页,第9页,我有许多衣服要洗。,I have many clothes,to wash,.(自己洗),我在洗衣服。你有衣服我要洗吗？,Im washing clothes.Do you have anything,to be washed,.(你衣服被我洗。),你要去北京。你有什么东西要带过去吗？,You are going to Bj.Do you have anything,to take,?,我要去北京。你有什么东西要带过去吗？,Im going to Bj.Do you have anything,to be taken?,n.+不定式：积极还是被动？,第10页,第10页,是目还是结果？,She decided to work harder to catch up with the others.,他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发觉车已经走了。,He hurried to the station,only to find the train had already left.,He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.,（不定式作结果状语：,出人意料结果,）,He broke the light carelessly,making it dark all around.,（分词作结果状语：自然而然结果）,第11页,第11页,-ing分词与过去分词,-ing Participle&,the Past Participle,第12页,第12页,I.分词构成与形式,形式：-ing分词（,V+ing,）&过去分词（,V+ed,）,两者主要区别：,V+ing,表示积极意义或正在进行动作；,V+ed,表示被动意义或已经完毕了动作。Eg：,燃烧森林,a burning forest（森林自己燃烧）,烧伤皮肤,burned skin（皮肤被火烧伤）,发展中/发达国家,developing/developed countries,第13页,第13页,II.-ing分词形式,积极形式,被动形式,普通式,doing,(积极或进行),being done,(正在被),完毕式,having done,(先于谓语动作),having been done,(先于谓语动作且是被动),第14页,第14页,坐在后面同窗请朝前面来一点。,Those,sitting,at the back move a bit forward please.,正在建工程是一个游乐场。,The project,being built,is an amusement park.,没见到他，我不好告诉你他长什么样子。,Not,having met,him,I cant tell you what he is like.,得到了这样好机会，她怎能放弃呢？,Having been given,such a good chance,how could she give it up?,第15页,第15页,III.过去分词形式,由于本身就表示被动或完毕意义，因此只有一个形式 done。,IV.,分词,使用办法,-ing分词和过去分词（done）主要起形容词和副词作用，在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语补足语和宾补。,第16页,第16页,Tell the boy,playing there,not to make so much noise.,We can only see the part of the moon,lighted by the sunlight,.,The story of his life sounds,interesting,.,He felt,satisfied,with our performance.,(类似词:exciting/,excit,ed;disappointing/,disappointed;astonishing/astonished;annoying/annoyed;irritating/irritated :-ing 分词构成形容词表示事物性质；-ed 分词构成形容词表示人情感态度。),第17页,第17页,Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.,Given better attention,the trees could grow better.,The machine will be kept,running,for two days.,Our views have to be made,known,to them all.,You should keep her,informed of,what is going on here.,I heard someone,knocking,at the door.,(,see,feel,hear,watch,notice后宾补能够是do 表示动作全过程；也可是 doing，表示动作在进行。),但:我看到小偷在偷一个女钱包。,第18页,第18页,动名词（V-ing）,The Gerund,第19页,第19页,I.,动名词,形式(与现在分词 v+ing 相同),积极形式,被动形式,普通式,doing,being done,完毕式,having done,having been done,第20页,第20页,吸烟有害健康。,Smoking,is harm for your health.,我为未能遵守诺言到期。,I apologize for,not having kept my promise,.,他儿子不介意一人呆在家里。,His son didnt mind(,his/him,),being left alone,at home.,After,having been interviewed,he was offered the job.,He prided himself on,having never been beaten,in chess.,第21页,第21页,II.动名词使用办法,含有动词特性，可带有自己宾语和状语，构成动名词短语；,含有名词特性，能够有自己逻辑主语；,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,E.g.,第22页,第22页,眼见为实！,Seeing is believing./To see is to believe.,他来迟了，让我们很不高兴。,His coming late made us unhappy.,It is no use crying over spilt milk.,What he likes is playing chess after supper.,He may be in the reading room.,一听说TOM过了考试，我立刻打电话给他。,On hearing that Tom had passed his examination,I rang him up.,介意我抽烟吗？,Would you mind my/me smoking here?,第23页,第23页,III.惯用动名词作宾语动词/短语动词,allow,permit,mind,enjoy,finish,abandon，avoid,deny,miss,escape,consider,admit,risk,complete,cant help,give up,leave off,put off,keep on,第24页,第24页,IV.动名词与现在分词做定语比较,动名词和它所修饰名词没有逻辑上主谓关系，它多表示被修饰名词功效、用途；,现在分词作定语，它与所修饰名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，分词动作是由被修饰名词发出。如：,第25页,第25页,动名词作、现在分词作定语区别,动名词(功效、用途),现在分词(与所修饰名词有逻辑主谓关系),sleeping-car,卧车,sleeping child,酣睡孩子,working method,工作办法,working people,劳感人民,singing practice,歌咏练习,singing girl,歌女,第26页,第26页,既可接不定式又可接动名词做宾语动词,意义基本相同：,like,start,begin to do/doing,意义不同：,Go on to do/doing,Stop to/doing,Try to do/doing,Mean to do/doing,Remember to do/doing,Forget to do/doing,Regret to/doing,第27页,第27页,常见不定式或分词结构作状语,诚实/坦白说，说实话,to be honest/frank;to tell the truth,普通/严格/坦白说来,generally/strictly/frankly speaking,与比较而言，考虑到/鉴于，,compared with/to;considering/given,依据判断 judging from/by,假定/假如 suppose/supposing/supposed;providing/provided;granted/granting(that),第28页,第28页,非限定从属结构（独立结构）(the Absolute Construction),独立(主格)结构是带有自己逻辑主语结构，功效多样，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中或句尾。,独立结构行文简朴明了，用词精炼，结构紧凑，常见于正式语体，尤其是文学体裁，使描写生动，形象详细。,第29页,第29页,I.名词/主格结构 非限定动词(,to do/doing/done,),这是前两卷，第三卷下星期出来。,Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next week,.,双方就基本原则达成了一致意见，细节问题以后拟定。,The two parties have reached an agreement on basic principle,the details to be worked out later,.,第30页,第30页,他妈妈病了，他只好留在家照看她。,His mother being ill,he had to stay at home to look after her.,最后一班车已经走了，他只好步行回家。,The last bus having gone,he had to walk home.,计划已经定出来了，主要是付诸实践。,The plan having been made,what is important is to put it into practice.,第31页,第31页,任务完毕了，他休了三个月假。,The duty completed,he had three months leave.,钱包没找到，我们去找警察。,The purse not yet found,we went to the police.,第32页,第32页,II.名词/主格代词 无动词分句(,adj./prep./adv./n.(phrase),),她期待地看着他，眼里满是兴奋与好奇。,She looked at him expectantly,her eyes full of excitement and curiosity,.,老师走进教室，一手拿粉笔，一手拿书。,The teacher entered the classroom,chalk in one hand,a textbook in the other,.,下课了，所有学生都从教室出来了。,Class over,all the students went out from the classroom.,第33页,第33页,她有三个儿子，其中两个是律师。,She has three sons,two of them lawyers,.,注意：以上独立结构都可当作是带being分词复合结构省略形式。加入being就变成了分词复合结构,如：,Here are the first two volumes,the third one(being)to come out next week.,He entered the room,his nose(being)red with cold.,第34页,第34页,III.with/without+to do/doing/done/adj./prep./adv.(phrase),我们到了车站，最后一班火车尚有5分钟离开。,With five minutes,to go,before the last train left,we arrived at the station.,有老人带路，他们两朝着大山出发。,With the old man,leading,the way,the two started towards the mountains.,第35页,第35页,所有眼睛都盯着她看，她感到紧张。,She felt nervous,with all eyes,fixed,on her.,冬天不要开窗睡觉。,Never sleep with the window,open,in the winter.,他妻子下楼了，抱着2岁儿子。,His wife came down the stairs,with her two-year-old son,in,her arms.,John走了，我们有了更大空间。,With John,away,weve got more room.,第36页,第36页,VI.,“There being+名词”结构,没钱了，我们只好改变计划。,There being no money left,we have to change our plan.,没有多出零件，这个装置不能立马修好。,There being no spare parts,the equipment could not be repaired at once.,第37页,第37页,独立结构句法功效,独立结构在句中多作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随或补充阐明，偶然也作定语或主语，如：,The bell ringing,all the pupils went into the classroom.,Weather permitting,，the football match will be played next Sunday.,The question being rather difficult,we must take time to consider it carefully.,第38页,第38页,The brave man fought the man-eating tiger,a stick his only weapon,.,How can I work,with you making all that noise,?,The war was over,without a shot being fired,.,A little boy,with two of his front teeth missing,ran into the room.,Jenny in trouble,was the reason for my rushing there.,第39页,第39页,历年真题,1.What a nice day!How about the three of us _ a walk in the park nearby?（）,A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking,2.Linda was _the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.(),A.to start B.to have started,C.to be starting D.to have been starting,3.The research requires more money than _.(),A.have been put in B.has been put in,C.being put in D.to be put in,第40页,第40页,4.It is not uncommon for there _problems of communication between the old and the young.(),A.beingB.would be C.be D.to be,5._at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.(),A.Looking B.Looked,C.Being looked D.To look,6.There are only ten apples left in the baskets,_ the spoilt ones.(),A.not counting B.not to count,C.dont count D.having not counted,第41页,第41页,7.Whats the chance of _ a general election this year?(),A.there being B.there to be,C.there be D.there going to be,8.The meeting was put off because we _ a meeting without John.(),A.objected having B.were objected to having,C.objected to have D.objected to having,9.The Minister of Finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(),A.that he is thinking B.to be thinking,C.that he is to think D.to think,第42页,第42页,10.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth,wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.(),A.is B.been C.be D.being,11.The opening ceremony is a great occasion.It is essential _for that.(),A.for us to be prepared,B.that we are prepared,C.of us to be prepared D.our being prepared,12.Time _,the celebration will be held as scheduled.(),A.Permit B.permitting,C.permitted D.permits,第43页,第43页,13.AID is said _ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.,A.being B.to be,C.to have been D.having been,14._ of the twins was arrested,because I saw both at a party last night.(),A.None B.Both,C.Neither D.All,第44页,第44页,15.Mr Wells,together with all the members of his family,_ for Europe this afternoon.(),A.are to leave B.are leaving,C.is leaving D.leave,16.It is futile to discuss the matter further,because _going to agree upon anything today.(),A.neither you nor I are,B.neither you nor me is,C.neither you nor I am,D.neither me nor you are,第45页,第45页,