形容词比较级和最高级.doc

初二语法讲义
形容词比较级和最高级
1 构成方法：1）辅音+y的改y为i加er/est 2)大小胖瘦湿热悲红适合===双写最后一个字母
3）多音节词或以ing, ed, ful, less, ly, ous结尾的加more，most构成
good – better – best ill/bad/badly – worse – worst many/much – more – most
little – less – least far – farther – farthest(距离)/further - furthest（程度+距离）
old-older-oldest（年龄）/elder-eldest(哥哥姐姐)
2 注意点：1）两者之间用比较级，三者以上用最高级。
2）than+比较级，among, of, in+最高级，为免重复，常用one(s), that,those等词来替代前词。
3）A or B用比较级，A，B or C用最高级
4）much, even, still, far, a little, a bit, a lot +比较级
5）very, so, such, quite, too +原级，more， most +原级构成比较级和最高级
6） 比较级and 比较级====越来越 taller and taller more and more important
7) the+比较级，the+比较级==越--就越-- The harder you work, the better you’ll be.
8) the +比较级+of the two， 形容词最高级前+the，也可用形容词性物主代词（my best friend），副词最高级前可不+the， 也可序数词+最高级，the second largest
9）比较级+than any other +单数名词 =比较级+than the other +复数名词 =最高级+范围
10）one of +the +最高级+复数名词
11）可数名词前用few, a few, fewer, fewest, 不可数名词前用little, a little, less, least
12) 形容词一般+ly构成副词，y结尾改为i+ly，e结尾直接+ly（除true—truly），le改ly
Terrible-terribly, healthy-healthily, polite-politely
13) 有些词既是adj又是adv，如：far, fast, hard, long, late, high, straight等, 但friendly, lovely, lonely, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, deadly却是形容词
14）as+adj/adv原级+as，not as/so---as 不如（注意应是同类事物比较，以及如何和比较级最高级转换） as---as possible 尽可能---
反身代词固定词组（反身代词不可单独作主语，复数改f为ves）
dress oneself 自己穿衣enjoy oneself 过的快活help oneself to 随便吃、随便用 say to oneself 心里想say to oneself 自言自语teach oneself 自学=learn—by oneself
for oneself 为自己;亲自地by oneself 独自地; hurt oneself受伤; pull oneself up the rocks攀岩
look after oneself照顾自己keep the secret to oneself保密
祈使句
1） 肯定祈使句V原开头，回答（I will）否定祈使句Don’t/Never+V原（回答sorry, I won’t）
2） 人名，+祈使句 let’s do/ let’s not do
3） 祈使句，and/or sb will/can do可于if从句转换
Get up early, and you’ll catch the first bus.=If you get up early, you will get up the first bus.
4） Should do/shouldn’t do/had better do/had better not do
反义词的构成
Helpful-helpless, careful-careless, useful-useless, cheerful-cheerless, hopeful-hopeless, meaningful-meaningless, tasteful-tasteless, endless, sleepless, noiseless,
Certain-uncertain, comfortable-uncomfortable, important-unimportant, interesting-uninteresting able-unable, friendly-unfriendly, happy-unhappy, healthy-unhealthy, kind-unkind, lucky-unlucky Pleasant-unpleasant, tidy-untidy, usual-unusual, active-inactive, correct-incorrect, complete-incomplete, polite-impolite, patient-impatient, possible-impossible