建筑设计中英对照表.docx

建筑设计中英对照表

●房屋各部分  Parts of house
屋面          roof
屋脊          ridge
坡屋顶        pitched roof
单坡屋顶    pent roof, lean-to roof
人字屋顶      gable roof
四坡顶        hipped roof
屋面排水沟    valley
卷材防水屋面  membrane roof
找平层        screed-coat
防水层        damp-proof course
泛水          flashing
屋顶层        garret
阁楼          penthouse, loft, attic
天台          roof-deck
晒台          drying stage
组合烟囱      chimney stack
屋檐          eave
屋面排水      roofing drainage
檐沟，明沟    gutter
水落管    down-pipe, downspout
雨棚          canopy, awning
柱廊          colonnade
走廊          corridor
中庭          atrium
山墙          gable
女儿墙        parapet
山花          pediment
隅石砌        quoins
阳台          balcony, veranda
阳台栏杆      balustrade
阳台栏杆柱    baluster, banister
平台          terrace
台阶          steps
梯子          ladder
梯级          step
楼梯          staircase(＝step)
楼梯踏步平板  tread
楼梯踏步竖板  riser
楼梯休息平台  landing
直角转弯平台 quarter-space landing
梯宽          run of stair
梯高          rise of stair
楼梯扶手      rail, railing
回转梯 corkscrew staircase，caracole
踏步突沿      nosing
窗子          window
百叶窗        blinds, louvers
旋转窗        balance window
平开窗，窗叶  casement
窗扇          sash
中旋窗        awning window
上下推拉窗   double-hung window
屋顶通气窗    clerestory
门窗亮子      transom
窗框          window frame
窗台          sill，cill
采光顶        sunroof
天窗          sunlight
老虎窗        dormer-window
通风窗        ventlight
落地窗        French window
墙壁          wall
承重墙        bearing wall
隔间          partition
空心墙        cavity wall
防火隔断(分区) compartmentation
剪力墙        shear panel
墙裙          wainscot
窗间墙        pier
幕墙          curtain wall
电梯          elevator, lift
自动扶梯      escalator
地板，楼面    floor
夹层楼面      entresol，mezzanine
楼座          balcony
楼板          slab
天花板        ceiling
壁炉      andiron，fireplace，grate
地下室        basement
防火          fire-cut
防火门        fire door
耐热涂料      heat-resisting paints
绝热          heat insulation
门槛          head-rail, sill
柱子          column，post，pillar
柱头          column cap, head
斜撑          knee brace
悬索          catenary
梁            beam
基础梁        grade beam
钢板梁        plate girder
工字梁        I-beam
过梁          lintel, lintol, head
椽子          purlin
基础          foundation
碎石垫层      hard core
混凝土地基    concrete foundation
基座、柱础    pedestal
独立基础      isolated footing
放大基础      spreading footing
条形基础      strip footing
筏式基础      mat foundation
浮筏基础      floating foundation
沉箱基础      caisson
化粪池        cesspool, septic tank
伸缩缝        expansion joint
冷桥          thermal bridge
散水          wash, apron
披水板        weathering-board
桁架          truss
组合桁架      composite truss
框架          framework
模板          formwork
拱券          arch
穹顶          dome
平拱          flat arch
筒拱          vault, vaulted roof
半圆穹顶      concha
瓦            shingle, tile
砖            brick
瓷砖          ceramic tile
玻璃砖        glass blocks
大理石        marble
花岗岩        granite
水磨石        terrazzo
砌块          masonry
混凝土        concrete
预制混凝土    pre-cast concrete
钢筋混凝土    reinforced concrete
钢筋          steel reinforcement
水泥          cement
抹灰，灰泥    plaster, stucco
熟石灰   hydrate of lime, slaked-lime
砂浆          mortar
抹灰层        floated coat
饰面          finish
木砖          grounds, timber brick
石膏          gypsum
石膏板        plaster slab
夹胶玻璃      plyglass
胶合板        plywood, clip-board
脚手架        scaffolding
悬臂          cantilever
叠涩，牛腿    corbel
遮阳          sun shading
●制图与构图用语
草图            sketch, draft
图纸            drawing
施工图      working drawings
工程            project
方案            plan
总图            grid
总平面          site
平面            floor
立面            elevation
正立面          facade
剖面            section
详图            detail
门厅上部        upper foyer
比例尺          scale=
透视图，表现图  rendering
透视            perspective
轴测         isometric perspective
             Axonometric projection
轴线            axis
建筑面积  floor area, architecture area
相对标高  relative elevation/level
层高，净空  headroom, headway
室内            interior
室外            exterior
室内装修        interior decoration
装饰            ornament
广场      square, plaza, public square
流线            circulation
解构            deconstruction
空间            space, spatial
比例            proportion
统一            unity
均衡            balance
协调            harmony
尺度            scale
韵律            rhythm
风格            style
功能            function
关系            relationship
●房屋 House
高层建筑     high-rise building
社区         housing complex
家舍         house
茅舍         cottage
平房     one-story house，bungalow，
             plain-house
二楼         two-story house
公寓(建筑)    apartment house
公寓(房间)    apartment(flat)(英)
别墅         villa
花园洋房     garden house
寄宿舍       dormitory(美)
供膳出租房间 board and lodging
出租房间     room for rent(美)
乡村旅舍     country inn
供膳寄宿舍   boardinghouse
大厦         mansions, edifice
大楼         building
预制装配式房屋  pre-fabricate house
小木屋          shack
一个单元        one unit
车库            garage
报告厅       auditorium, lecture hall
多功能厅     multi-use hall
阅览室  browsing room, reading room
茶室         refreshment room
操作间       cab, utility room
●居住 Dwelling
套房          suit
主人套房      master suit
门厅，前厅    lobby
大厅          hall, main hall
过厅          gallery
起居间        living RM，family RM
聚会厅     gathering RM，keeping RM
休息厅        lounge, sitting RM
客厅          parlor
衣帽间        cloakroom
更衣、衣橱间  walk-in-closet, W.I.C.
厨房          kitchen
餐厅          dinning room
早餐厅        nook, breakfast room
食品、餐具间  pantry, butlery
浴室，洗手间  bathroom
盥洗室        toilet room
卫生间        water closet, W.C.
前室，门厅    foyer
寝室，卧房    bedroom
主人房        master bedroom
书斋，书房    study, library
工作室，画室  studio
私室，书斋    den
化妆室        boudoir, dressing RM, powder RM
婴儿室        nursery
客房          guestroom
壁厨          closet, ambry
洗衣间        laundry room
地窖          cellar
储藏室        storage
健身房        exercise RM
服务入口      service entry
换鞋处        mud room
游艺室        games room
活动室        activities room
音乐室        music alcove
工人房        maid bedroom
台球室        billiards room
温室          greenhouse
●家具 Furniture
方桌          square table
圆桌          round table
长方桌        rectangle table
伸缩桌        extension table
小桌          side table
凳子          stool
有肘的椅子    armchair
摇椅，安乐椅  rocking chair
藤椅          rattan chair
塑料椅        plastic chair
帆布椅        deck chair
折椅          folding chair
沙发          sofa
长椅          couch
桌子，餐桌    table
玻璃桌子      glass table
塑料桌子      acrylic table
木制饭桌      wooden-table
●庭院 Yard
家宅院  messuage
门廊    porch, covered porch
敞廊    loggia
前院    front yard(美)；forecourt
中院(英) court yard
后院    back-yard(美)
侧院    quiet yard
小庭院  garth
天井    patio, patios, hypaethral
花园    garden
树篱    hedge
围场    enclosure
花架    arbor bower
草坪    lawn
花坛    flowerbed
灌木    bush, brush
撒水器  sprinkler
假山    rockery
亭子，阁楼  pavillion
小径    path
车道    driveway
游泳池  pool
围墙    fence
●前门 Front door
会发谐音钟声的门 door chime
警报器  buzzer
门铃    doorbell
门环    doorknocker
窥孔    peephole
门把    knob
门柱    doorjamb
锁眼    keyhole
转门    swinging door
折门    fold-away (accordion) door
●冷暖气 Cooling and heating
电风扇       electric fan
煤气暖炉     gas heater (stove)
石油暖炉     kerosene heater(=stove)
电暖炉       electric heater(=stove)
暖气片       panel heating
散热器       radiator
冷气机       air cooler
空调机       air-conditioner
中央暖气     central heating(system)
局部暖气     space heating
●几何名词
直线      line
曲线      curve
圆弧      arc
圆        circle
椭圆      ellipse
三角形    triangle
正方形    square
矩形      rectangle
多边形    polygon
螺旋线    spiral
平行六面体 parallelepiped
球体      sphere
半球      hemisphere
●相关专业名称
结构   structure
电气   electric work
给排水 plumbing
暖通   HVAC,
     Heating/Ventilation/Air Condition
城市规划 city planning
●其他
GRC     玻璃纤维增强复合材料
(Glass-fiber Reinforced Composite)
PVC      聚氯乙烯

建构           tectonic
风格           style
古典主义       Classicalism
哥特复兴式     Gothic Revival
巴洛克风格     Baroque
洛可可         Rococo
文艺复兴       Renaissance
帕拉迪奥风格   Palladian
新艺术运动     Art Nouveau
理性主义       Rationalism
折衷主义       Eclecticism
粗野主义       Brutalism
风格主义       Mannerism
构成主义       Constructivism
国际主义风格   International Style
功能主义       Functionalism
表现主义       Expressionism
现代主义       Modernism
新古典主义     Neo-Classicism

可持续建筑  Sustainable Architecture