人教版七年级上册英语语法和练习.pdf

一、代词1、人称代词和物主代词英语的人称代词(Personal Pronoun)有三种不同的人称形式：第一人称(First Person);第二人称(Second Person);第三人称(Third Person)o 三种人称又 各有单、复数形式。.在上列人称代词的不同形式中，还包含了主格(Subjective Case)、宾格(Objective Case)两种“格”的形式。这样，从“格”的形式来划 分，英语的人称代词又可归纳为：主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them此外，还有所有格形式。属格:my,mine,your,yours,his,her,hers,its,our,ours,their,theirs属格又可分为两类：一类是形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)即“物主限定词”；另一类是名词性物主代词gine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs),即“物主代词”。人 称 代 词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey宾格meusyouyouher him itthem物代 词形物代myouryouryourher his itstheir名物代mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirs人称代词用法：(1)人称代词主格：做主语，表示谁怎么样了，干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student,too.We/You/They are student.(2)人称代词宾格：作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词 的后面。Give it to me.Lets go.lets=let is（3 形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/oui7their +名词。4 而名词性物主代词 mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs 则相当于 形容词性物主代词+名词，故其后不必加名词。如：-Is this your book?-No,it isnt,its hers her book,its Jims,its Toms.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容 词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例：My bag is yellow,her bag is red,his bag is blue and your bag is pink.为避免重复使用 bag,可写成 My bag is yellow,hers is red,his is blue and yours is pink.练习：1.（我）am a teacher.2.My father is talking with（我）.3.This is（我的）book.4._（他的）chair is blue.5.（我们的）classroom is big.6.（他）often plays basketball after school.7.（他的）teacher is good.8.（我们）buy a pair of shoes for（他）.9.Please pass（我们）the ball.10.（他们）are listening to the radio.11.(我)am a teacher.12.This is(她的)bag.That is(他的)13.(他的)cap is blue.(我们的)are yellow.14.Our chair is better than(they).15.1 will give the presents to(they).16.These books are(I),and those are(you).17.My ruler is long.(you)is short.18.My bike is broken.May I borrow(she)?19.Can you show(I)your book?2O.If s time for(they)to go home.21.Mr.Green often tells(we)some stories.22.These are not your desks.They are(our).23.This is not my shirt.If s(he)24.1 saw(she)in the shop yesterday.参考答案：1.1 2.me 3.my 4.His 5.Our 6.He 7.His 8.We,him 9.us 10.They 11.1 12.her,his 13.His,ours 14.theirs 15.them 16.mine,yours 17.yours 18.hers 19.me 20.them 21.us 22.ours 23.his 24.Her人称代词和物主代词练习：(-)用代词的适当形式填空。1.There is a letter for(her、hers)mother.2.That is(she)coat.The coat is red.(it)is a new one.3.Whose pens are these?(their)are(we).4.Give(he)a toy,please.5.(we)eyes are black.6.Tim and Bill are twins.(them)parents are teachers.7.Give the book to(I).8.These books are(we).9.That is not kite.That kite is very small,but isvery big.(I)10.The dress is.Give it to.(she)11.Is this watch?(you)No,it s not .12.is my brother.name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are.(he)2、指示代词(1)this“这”，其复数形式these“这些”，指代近处的人或物体；(2)that“那”，其复数形式those“那些”，指代远处的人或物。3、指示代词this that these those作主语，一般疑问句的简略回答(1)Is this/that your aunt?Yes,it is.No,it isrf t.、简略回答时用主格代词it代替(2)Are these/those your uncles?Yes,they are.No,they arerf t.、简略回答时，用主格代词they代替单句变复句杷句子中单数词变成复数词。1、This is my friend._ _my _2、That is his parent._ _his_3、She is her cousin._ her_用所给的词选择填空1、These are pens and are pencils.(that,this,those)2、Tom was sick yesterday.is why he missed school.(That,Those,These)3、Which of shirts are Tomfs(These,this,that)4、This desk is mine,is hers.(those,this,that)5、The map of Beijing is better than of Tianjing.(this,that,these).二、名词名词：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。1、不可数名词:表示的事物，其数量不可以数清或者难以数清。例如：water“水”，“水”的数量不可以数清;rice“大米，谷粒”，其数量难以数清。不可数名词用法上有两大特点：(1)、没有复数形式；(2)、不能用不定冠词a/an、基数词、many修饰。2、可数名词:表示的事物，其数量可以数清。可数名词用法 上的特点：(1)、有单数、复数两种形式；(2)、能用不定冠词a/an、基数词、many修饰。3、单数名词后加s或es变成复数名词。单数名词后加s或 es的方法如下：(1)、一般情况,名词后直接加s(清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音 后读/z/)例如:parents“双亲”;aunts“阿姨”向ends“朋友”(2)、以字母e结尾的名词,直接加s(读/z/)例如：uncles叔叔;pictures”图画(3)、以字母0结尾的名词,有的加s,有的加es(读/z/)例如:photos照片”;tomatoes“西红柿”；(4)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i,加es(读/)例如:family families;party 一 parties(5)、以s x ch sh结尾名词,直接加es(读/Iz/)例如:buses公共汽车boxes盒子wishes希望watches”手 表”(6)、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,有特殊形式。man men woman women people people child-children(7)knife的复数形式是knives 4、名词所有格：表示“某人的，名词+或s构成。其 规则如下：(1)、一般情况下,名词后直接加飞：Jim飞(吉姆的)；mymother飞（我的母亲的）2、以s结尾的复数名词，直接加，:myfiiends，（我的朋友 的）;his students5 3、一个人或物属各自所有，或者几个人共有,变成所有格。Jim s and Kate s aunts吉姆的阿姨和凯特的阿姨 Jim and Kate s birthday吉姆和凯特共旬的生日一、写出下列词的复数形式am is_ he_she_ it_that_this_ you_ _pen_desk_ key_ _ orange_boy_ friend_ _parent_class _child_shelf _bed_ radio_ photo_tomato_ woman_man_strawberry dictionary box_ watch_二、选择填空()1.There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photosC.is a photo D.is photos()2.The old man wants.A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of appleC.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples)3.There two in the box.A.is,watch B.are,watchesC.are,watch D.is，watches)4.The meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teacher5s C.teachers5 D.teachers)5.shirt is white.A.My brother B.My brothersC.My brothers D.My brothers5)6.Today is September 10th.It is Day.A.Teachers B.Teachers5C.the Teachers5 D.Teacher5s)7.Its June 1st,its Day.A.Childrens B.ChildrensC.Childrens1 D.Childrens)8.This year,is on May 9th.A.my mother1 s birthday B.my mothers1 brithdayC.my mothers birthday D.my motherss birthday)9.This is.A.Mike and Jims bike B.Mikes and Jim bikeC.Mikes and Jims bike D.Mike and Jim bike 三、变换句型（把下列句子变为复数句）。This is my friend.2.This is a table.3.That is her brother.4.This is a book.5.That is an eraser.6.1t is a red orange.7.He is a teacher.8.What s this?四、按中文意思填空 1.（李明的）parents work in a big hospital.2.This is（我妹妹的）Chinese book.3.（我的姐姐和弟弟的）rooms are very nice.4.（王平和王明的）father is a hotel manager.5.Is this（你的好朋友的）pen?6.They are Peter 和 Sam 的）teachers.7.（教师节）is on September 10th.8.（学生们的）desks and chairs are very new.9.（赵敏的）shoes are white.10.John 和 Sally 的）mothers are American.11.Tony 哥哥的）computer is broken.12、Its（妇女节）on March 8th.三、冠词只有不定冠词a an 和定冠词the两个，不用冠词叫零冠词。1、不定冠词a和an:a用在辅音前，如a pen a chairan 用在元音前。an old teacher an English book注意辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况：F H L M N S X这七个 字母的第一个音是元音在说一个以上字母时要用an，如 an“F（一个 F 同时注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一个音是辅音，因 此说一个U,应为a“U”2、定冠词the:当一个名词第二次出现时前面用the。注意在三餐饭 breakfast,lunch、dinner 前不用the月 份和星期前都不用the，体育活动的球类运动前面不用the 0 如:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketball play tennis volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball 3、如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时，则不再使用a或ano冠词练习()1.There is art room in the building.A.a B.an C.the D./()2.What color is orange?Its orange.A.an,the B./,an C.an,/D./，the()3.There is“u and“s in the word“rulers.A.a,a B.an,a C.a,an D.an,an()4.If s not English book.A.a B.an C.the D./()5.1 have very interesting book.It is about exciting game.A.an,the B.the,a C.a,an D.a,a()6.Is that your?A.a picture B.pictureC.pictures D.nice pictures()7.Are Kates?A.this,book B.that,bookC.these,books D.those,book()8.Thats art book.A.an B.a C.the D are四、数量词 1、基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen 2、序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixthseventh eighth ninth tenth 口诀：1、first,second,third特殊记;4 到 19 加 th,注意 fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 2、整数则是去 y ie,加 th,JQ:twentieth;3、表示“几十几”，整数为基数词，个数为序数词 如：thirty-third fifty-fifth数词练习 1、Mr Green has(two)daughters.2、Kate is Mr Greenes(one)daughter.3、There are(twelve)months in a year.4、March is the (three)month of a year.5、They have(twenty)computers.6、I can afford(eight)sweaters.7、Mr Greens(nine)store is very big.8、How old is your friend?She is(12)years old 9、How old is her father?He is 30 years old.10.January the month of a year.11、February the month of a year.12、April the month of a year.13、May the month of a year.14、August the month of a year.15、December the month of a year.五、介词介词：本册的介词较少，主要用在介词短语里面，如 on:on sale（销售）on April 8th,四月八日）on the desk（在桌子上）on TV（在电视上）in:in English（用英语）in the afternoon 在下午）in the case（在盒子里）T-shirt in red（红色 T 恤）be in the movie（出演这部电影）in September（在九月 be in our school music festival（参加我们学校的音乐节）at:call sb.at 3356 打 3356 找某人）at your school 在你 们学校里）at Huaxing Clothes Store（在华兴服装店）at a very good price（以非常优惠的价格）at six（六点钟）have a look at（看一看）of:a set of（串）the photo of your family 你的全家照）lots of=a lot of（许多）date of birth birthday（生日）with:with sb.（同某人一起）be good with杯口相处得好）help sb.with sth.（帮助某人做某事）for：thanks for=thank you for（谢谢某人的）bag for sports（运动包）pants for$30（卖 30 元的裤子）see for yourself（亲自看看）for girls（对女孩子来说）like sth.for lunch（喜欢吃当作午餐）about:about Chinese history（有关中国历史）under:under the desk（在桌子下面）六、形容词 本册所学的形容词不多，注意拼法和反义词 big small long short sad happy boring interestingfunny exciting difficult relaxing great healthy old new white(black)七、副词 副词：除疑问副词外，本册的副词有only too very well often also really副词only often also really等在句中的位置都是在行为动词前 面或是系动词的后面。注意几组词的区别：1、too和also:too一般放在句子的末尾,also在行为动词 前面或是系动词的后面。2、well和good:两个词都有“好”的意思，但well是副词,而good是形容词，well修饰动词，放在动词的后面，good修 饰名词，放在名词的前面。如play basketball well speak English well a good student Good morning八、连词连词：本册所学连词有and but or then and连接两个词或两个句子，表示前后的句子意思顺接。如:I like thrillers and I like action movies but连接两个句子，表示后面意思转折。如:He likes tomatoes but she doesnt like broccolisor表示选择关系。如:Can you play the piano or the violin?then表小动作的先后顺序。本册所学的祈使句类型有 Spell it,please.Please take these things to your sister.Lets play ping-pong.(tennisbasketballvolleyball)Come and buy your clothes.Have a look at Huaxing Clothes Store.九、动词及句型转换 1、动词的种类(四类)(1)系动词：如 be动词(is am are);become,sound等(2)情态动词如 can、may、need;(3)助动词(do does);(4)行为动词如 take、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、play、see、go、watch 等 2、动词的第三人称单数(与名词的复数一样)如 eat(eats)take(takes)buy(buys)play(plays)have(has)is(are)3、动词的时态(一般现在时)(1)含有be动词的有be动词的句子在变一般疑问句时，将be动词放到句首，(注 意第一人称变为第二人称Are you a Chinese boy?Is she twelve?Is he Tim s brother?含有be动词的句子在变否定句时只须在“be动词后+not”，注 意：someany and-orV m not a Chinese boy.She isn t twelve.He is not Tim s btother.Her mother isn t an English teacher.(2)含有情态动词的句子(can等，以can为例)，She can play basketball.His mother s cousin can sing many English songs.含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“情态动词放到句 首”，Can she play basketball?Can his mother s cousin sing many English songs?含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上 not o 注意:someany andor例：She can not play basketball.His mother s cousin can not sing many English songs.(3)含有行为动词的句子We have many friends.They watch TV at 7 in the evening.The students take their books to school.I have lunch at school.You have a sister.含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.Do you have many friends?Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening?Do the students take their books to school?Do you have lunch at school?Do you have a sister?含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加don，t.注意：someany and-orWe don t have many friends.They don t watch TV at 7 in the evening.The students don t take their books to school.I don t have lunch at school.You don t have a sister.含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加s（或es 如：She has a red pen.He has eggs for breakfast.Her mother buys a skirt for her.She likes thrillers.My brother watches TV every evening.He wants to go to a movie.含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句 要“加does，行为动词要还原”。注意：someanyDoes she have a red pen?Does he have eggs for breakfast?Does her mother buy a skirt for her?Does she like soccer?Does your brother watch TV every evening?Does he want to go to a movie?含行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时“在 行为动词前面加doesnt,同时原行为动词要还原”。注意：some any andorShe doesn t have a red pen.He doesn t have eggs for breakfast.Her mother doesn t buy a skirt for her.She doesn t like thrillers.My brother doesn t watch TV every evening.He doesn t want to go to a movie.练习 be动词：be动词有三兄弟：is,am,are o 1 我）用am,you（你）用are,is跟着he（他）she（她）it 它）,we（我们）you（你们）和they（他 们），复数（两人以上）永远连着are.解析：I am;You are;He is;She is;It is;We are;You are;They are.1、在下面的题目中填上恰当的Be动词。1.1 Kitty.2.She a student.3.Jane and Tom my friends.4.My sisters tall.5.1 at school now.6.We students.7.They_in the zoo.8.Yang Ling ten years old.9.Where your friends?10.How old you?11.1 a student.12.You a doctor.13.she Kitty?14.you Chinese?15.He in Shanghai.16.It a car.17.They cars 18.your mother in the room?19.your friends in the room?20.What your name?21.These buses.22.Those oranges.(2)、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。I a girl.My name Mary.I 12 years old.Here my family photo.Look!These my parents and those my grandparents.This boy my brother.He 15 years old now.That my cat,Mimi.It very lovely.(3)、在横线上填写be动词的正确形式，然后变成一般疑问句并做肯定与否 定回答 1.1 a boy.you a boy?Yes,I am/No,I am not.2.The girl his sister.3.Miss Zhang a teacher.4.This my dress.5.That my red skirt.2.主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他（用助动词do帮 助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）3.主语（第三人称单数）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用助 动词does帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式 1.-s 2.辅音+y:study-studies 3.以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾 watch-watches teach-teaches4 特殊 have-has do-does go-goes do类动词（行为动词）用原型或第三人称单数形式。“原形动词+s/e/构成“第三人称单数形式”，与单数名词变复 数名词方法一样。1、一般情况,动词后直接加S（清辅音后读/S/,浊辅音后读/Z/例如:brings带来calls打电话meets遇见needs需要 2、以字母e结尾的动词直接加s（读/z/例如:likes喜欢takes 带走 3、以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词，加es（读/z/或/Iz/例如：does做goes走，去watches观看(4)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i,加es(读/Z/)例如：study studies学习(思考:enjoy play have的第二人称单数形式是)练习：l)His parents(watch)TV every night.1)My brother(do)homework every day.2)His parents(not watch)every night.否定句 2)My brother(not do)homework every day.3)his parents(watch)TV every night?Yes,they.No,they.一般疑问句 3)your brother(do)homework every day?Yes,he.No,he.4)When his parents(watch)TV?They watch TV every night.特疑问句 4)When your brother(do)homework?He does homework every day.本块习题:用所给词的正确形式填空 1、I(have)a soccer ball.2、She_.(have)two ping-pong balls.3、He_(play)sports every day.4、We_(speak)English.5、Tom_(call)Jim every day.6、My daughter_(like)apples.7、His friend_(know)English.8、The girl _ (study)English sometimes9、The boy often_(watch)TV.10、Her uncle_(go)home on foot本块练习题把下列肯定句变成否定句、一般疑问句，并作简略回答。1、They like computers.否:They computers.疑:they computers?2、He has a sports club.否:He a sports club.疑:he a sports club?3、We watch TV sometimes.否:We TV sometimes.疑:TV sometimes?4、Tom often plays computers.否:Tom often computer games.疑:Tom often computer games?5、She has some basketballs.否:She basketballs.疑:she basketballs?6、I enjoy playing sports every day.否:I playing sports every day.疑:playing sports every day?7、.My daughter calls me sometimes.否:My daughter me sometimes.疑:daughter me sometimes?8、The girl speaks English and Chinese.否:The girl English Chinese.疑:the girl English Chinese?练习：1、Tom likes some fruits for lunch 一般疑问句）.Tom fruits for lunch?2、I like vegetables for dinner（同上）.like vegetables for dinner?3、The running star has lots of healthy food（否定句）.The running star lots of healthy food 4、They have a lot of chicken.同上）They a lot of chicken.5、Do you run in the morning every day?（假设是,回答）6、Does your friend enjoy fruits for lunch?（假设不是,回答）7、A lot of people like eating healthy food.（同义句）people like healthy food.练习题L）、1、肯定句This is my pencil.（这是我的铅笔）否定句This my pencil.（这不是我的铅笔）一般疑问句 this pencil?（这是你的铅笔吗）肯定回答.否定回答.2、肯定句That is my eraser.（那是我的橡皮擦）否定句That eraser.（那不是我的橡皮擦）一般疑问句 that eraser?（那是你的橡皮擦）肯定回答 否定回答 3、肯定句These are my pens.这些是我的钢笔）否定句These my pens.这些不是我的钢笔）一般疑问句 these pens?（这些是你的钢笔马）肯定回答.否定回答.4、肯定句Those are his baseballs.（那些是他的棒球）否定句Those his baseballs.（那些不是他的棒球）一般疑问句 those pens?（那些是他的棒球吗）肯定回答 否定回答 5、肯定句I am Helen（我是海伦）否定句 Helen.我不是海伦）一般疑问句 Helen.（你是海伦马）肯定回答.否定回答.6、肯定句It is her notebook.（它是她的笔记本）否定句It her notebook.（它不是她的笔记本）一般疑问句 her notebook?（它是她的笔记本吗）肯定回答.否定回答.7、肯定句 A lot of keys are in the pencil-case.（否定句 A lot of keys in the pencil-case.一般疑问句 a lot of key