重要高中英语语法总结省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,The Summary Of Grammar,第1页,The attributive clause（定语从句）,第2页,定语从句做题步骤,1.判断句子是否为定语从句,2.若句子是定语从句，找到先行词，判断是人还是物,3.分析句子是否缺乏成份，然后选择关系代词或关系副词,4.介词加which就相当于一些关系副词,5.What 一定不能用于定语从句中,第3页,关系词,关系词,who,Whom,That,Which,Whose,When,Where,why,先行词,人,人,人或物,物,人或物,时间,地点,原因,关系代词,关系副词,第4页,只用that不用which场所,1.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,e.g.This is the most interesting film,that,Ive ever seen.,2.当先行词是不定代词时，如all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,no one,some等,e.g.He did everything,that,he could to help us.,3.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,one of,the only,the very,the right,last,few,just,still等修饰时,e.g.The only thing,that,we do is to give you some advice.,4.当先行词现有些人又有物时,e.g.My father and my mum talked for about half an hour of things and persons,that,they remembered in the school.,第5页,5.当主句是以who或which开始特殊疑问句时,e.g.Who is the boy,that,won the gold medal.,6.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that,e.g.They built up a small factory,which produced things,that,could cause pollution.,7.当先行词前有such或the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时,e.g.She is wearing the same dress,that,she wore yesterday.,第6页,只用which不用that场所,1.关系代词前有介词时,e.g.He built a house through,which,he could study the sky.,2.引导非限定性定语从句时,e.g.Football,which,is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.,3.先行词本身是that时,e.g.Whats that,which,flashed in the sky just now.,4.先行词后有插入语时,e.g.Here is the English grammar book,which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.,第7页,只用who不用that场所,1.先行词是指人不定代词时，如one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,none,those,people等,e.g.People all like those who have good manners.,2.当先行词有较长后置定语时,e.g.Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a lecture on how to learn English.,3.当先行词是一个限定性表示人特定名词时,e.g.The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers younger sister.,第8页,Way 和Time 后定语从句,当way作为先行词且意为“方法，方式”时,关系词能够是that,in which 或省略,当先行词是time 时,Time表示“次数”时关系词用that,that可省略,Time表示“时间”时关系词用when或介词加which,第9页,The same as 侧重于相同性,The same that 侧重于同一性,碰到point 和 situation 时关系词通惯用where,第10页,Noun clause(名词性从句),第11页,名词性从句做题步骤,1.判断句子是否为名词性从句,2.若句子为名词性从句再判断是哪一个名词性从句,3.要分析该句是否缺乏什么成份也就是说所选连接词除了引导名词性从句外是否要在该从句中充当什么成份,4.要尤其注意同位语从句(which不能引导同位语从句),第12页,名词性从句种类,1.主语从句,2.表语从句,3.宾语从句,4.同位语从句,(能跟同位语从句通常是抽象名词，如news,idea,report,belief,fact,doubt,hope,information),第13页,What 和 that在名词性从句中区分,What,在名词性从句中可充当主语，宾语和表语，相当于the thing that,e.g.What the teacher said was very valuable.,That,在名词性从句中不充当任何句子成份，只起连接作用，引导主语从句时惯用it作形式主语；引导宾语从句时，常被省略。,e.g.That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.,第14页,只用whether不用if场所,1.引导主语从句且置于句首时,e.g.Whether he will go there or not is not clear.,2.引导表语从句时,e.g.The problem is whether the TV play is worth watching.,3.引导同位语从句时,e.g.The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.,4.引导宾语从句，前置，同时又作介词宾语从句时,e.g.We are interested in whether he will agree with us or not.,5.作动词discuss宾语时,e.g.Lets discuss whether Mary is fit for the position.,6.其后接动词不定式时,e.g.Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.,第15页,Doubt VS Sure,Doubt用于必定句时，后面名词性从句连接词惯用whether或if,Doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，后面名词性从句连接词惯用that,Sure用于必定句时，后面名词性从句连接词惯用that,Sure用于否定句或疑问句时，后面名词性从句连接词惯用whether或if,第16页,That 在定语从句和同位语从句中区分,That作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可充当主语宾语和表语，作宾语时常可被省略,That引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，不充当任何成份，普通不能省略也不能与which交换。,第17页,动词时态和语态,第18页,常见时态,普通现在时（要尤其注意时刻表及客观事实）,普通过去时（要尤其注意过去某一段时间经常或重复动作）,普通未来时（要尤其注意be to表示按计划或安排要做事，be about to 表示即将发生动作）,现在进行时（要尤其注意动词加be动词情况，它有一个有意如此意思，e.g.You are stupid.(你很糊涂）You are being stupid.(你在装糊涂）,有一些词不用于进行时态：,短暂动作类：finish,marry,感官类：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,seem,sound,感觉类：hate,like,love,wish,存在类：be,exist,remain,stay,占有隶属类：have,possess,own,belong,认知类：understand,know,think,remember,现在完成时（对现在造成一定影响，要尤其注意for,since引导时间状语从句以及第几次做某事）,过去完成时（过去过去）,第19页,动词语态,用主动表示被动情况,1.表示主语某种特征动词，如read,write,wash,dry,sell,wear,e.g.The coat dries easily.,2.表示开始，结束，运动改变一些动词，如start,drive,change,move,e.g.In England,cars drive on the left-hand side of the road.,3.表示主语状态特征连系动词，如look,feel,smell,sound,taste等,e.g.The desk feels smooth.,4.用于be+adj.+不定式中,e.g.The chair is very comfortable to sit on.,5.Worth及表示需要need,want,require 之后动名词,e.g.His watch is out of order and needs repairing.,第20页,倒 装,第21页,完全倒装,1.in,out,up,down,away,off,over,next,such,back 等副词置于句首，谓语动词是come,go,rush,run等不及物动词时(人称代词除外),e.g.Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang.,2.there,here,now,then引导句子（若主语为人称代词则用陈说语句）,e.g.There goes the bell and class is over.,Here you are.,3.表示地点词置于句首时,e.g.On the ground lay a sick person.,4.直接引语置于句首时,e.g.“Help”shouted the boy.,5.现在分词，过去分词，形容词+系动词+主语,e.g.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.,Present at the meeting was Mr Wang.,第22页,部分倒装,1.否定词如never,little,seldom,hardly,no,few,not 等置于句首,e.g.Little did he know about English.,2.由only,not until,no soonerthan,hardlywhen引导状语置于句首,e.g.Only by working hard can we succeed.,Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.,3.As引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”（若表语是名词，其前不加冠词）,e.g.Clever as he is,he doesnt study well.,Child as he is,he knows much about English.,4.在so/suchthat结构中，so/such 引导部分置于句首时,e.g.Such a good boy is he that we all love him.,5.so/neither/nor置于句首表示也或也不(注意与陈说句区分),e.g.I saw the film last week.So did she.,He promised to help.So he did.,6.had,were,should开头虚拟条件句中省略if引发倒装,e.g.Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams.,第23页,情态动词,第24页,can/could,1.表示能力,e.g.He can play the piano.,2.表示客观可能性,e.g.Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.,3.表示请求和允许,e.g.Can I have a look at your new watch?,4.表示请求时口语中惯用could代替can，语气更委婉，但回答时仍用can,e.g.Could you help me with the furniture？Yes,I can.,5.表示诧异，怀疑，不相信态度（主要用于否定句疑问句）,e.g.How can you believe such a liar like him?,第25页,may/might,1.表示允许，许可，否定回答为mustnt,e.g.May I listen to some music?,2.表示请求允许时，might比may语气更委婉,e.g.Might I trouble you to pass me the book?,3.表示可能性推测，might比may语气愈加不确定,e.g.Jack is absent.He might be ill.,4.May用于祈使句表示祝福,e.g.May you succeed.,第26页,Will/would,1.表示意志或意愿,e.g.He said he would do anything for her.,2.用于第二人称表示请求或提议，用would比will更委婉,e.g.Would you open the window,please?,3.表示习惯性动作,e.g.We would sit around Grandpa after super.,4.表示预料或猜测,e.g.It would be around ten when he left home.,5.表示规律性注定,e.g.People will die without air or water.,第27页,Should,1.用于表示劝说或提议,e.g.I think children should learn to respect their elders.,2.表示推测,e.g.It should be Mike who has taken away all the materials.,3.用于第一人称表示说话人一个谦顺客气委婉语气,e.g.I should advise you not to do that.,4.Why/how+should表示说话人对某事不能了解，感到意外诧异,e.g.Why should you be so late today?,Shall,1.用于一三人称，表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示,e.g.Shall we put off the sports meet？,2.用于二三人称，表示说话人给对方命令警告允诺或威胁,e.g.You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.,第28页,Must,1.表示必须(must侧重主观，have to侧重于客观）语气比should，ought to强烈，其否定形式mustnt,e.g.Drivers mustnt drive after drinking.,2.回答时用neednt或dont have to,e.g.Must I come back before ten？No,you neednt/dont have to,3.表示有把握推测，意为一定准是,e.g.You must be ill.I can see it from your face.,Ought to,1.表示应该，同should,e.g.Humans ought to stop polluting.,2.表示推测，意为想必,e.g.He ought to be home by now.,第29页,虚拟语气,第30页,条件句中虚拟语气,1.与现在事实相反:从句用过去时（be动词一律用were），主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形,e.g.If I had time,I would attend your party.,2.与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should/might+have+动词过去分词,e.g.If you had attended the lecture,you would have known how to write the composition.,3.与未来事实相反：从句用动词过去式或should/were to+动词原形,主句用would/could/should/might+动词原形,e.g.If it snowed,we would take photos.,第31页,从句中虚拟语气,1.一个坚持（insist）两个命令（order,demand）三个提议（advice,suggest,propose）四项要求（demand,require,request,ask）用should+动词原形,2.It is(high)time that用should+动词原形（should不能省略）或用动词过去式,3.Even if/even though引导让步状语从句,4.As if/as though 引导从句,5.Would rather（宁愿）后从句,6.一些词后同位语和表语从句要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,如advice,idea,order,demand,plan,suggestion,request,第32页,错综虚拟句,主句与从句动作发生时间不一致，要详细分析,e.g.If you had worked hard,you would be very tired now.,第33页,