语法专题七：虚拟语气.doc

语法专题七：虚拟语气
1. 规则虚拟：即含if 从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为：
时间
if从句
主句
对将来
did(were) / were to + do / should + do
would / could / might / should + do
对现在
did(were)
同上
对过去
had done
would / could / might / should + have done
注意：
1) 交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。
2) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。
3) 虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should, had, were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。
4) 介短、副词代替if从句：如without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise
2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词 + 名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should) do
适用词群：advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导，要求), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。
注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要
用陈述语气，即实际时态。
3. wish等词 + 从句：从句时态向后退一格： 即表示现在、将来用did / were / was; 表示过去用had done。
适用词群：wish, as if /though, If only(要……就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。
4. 情态动词 + have done 表虚拟：
should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意）
could / might have done 本可以做（实际未做）
needn’t have done 本没必要做 (实际做了)
would like / love to have done
would rather have done 本来想要做某事(但未做)
had better have done
5. 句型：
1) If it were not for…, I would / should / might / could + do
“要不是……，我现在就……。”（对现在的虚拟）
If it had not been for…, I would / should / might / could + have done.
“要不是……，我当时就……。”（对过去的虚拟）
2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange …+ 从句
It is a shame / pity / no wonder…+ 从句.
以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should) do
3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /…+ to do 本希望 / 打算做……(但未做成)
巩固练习：
1. ---If he ______, he ______ that food.
---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
2. ______ computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job.
A. Should B. Were C. Had D. May
3. The law requires that everyone ______ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. have C. will have D. shall have
4. Their words suggested they ______ tired, and I suggest we ______ the further training.
A. are; put off B. were; put off C. had; put off D. were; shall put off
5. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy. He acted as if he ______ the boss.
A. should have given; were B. might have given; had been
C. may have given; had been D. may give; was
6. His proposal is that the machine ______ at once.
A. is stopped B. would be stopped C. be stopped D. is being stopped
7. ---Where ______? ---I got stuck in the heavy traffic, or I ______ here earlier.
A. did you go; had arrived B. were you; would come
C. are; was D. have you been; would have been
8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ______ your advice.
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow
9. The doctor insisted that the patient ______ seriously ill and ______ operated on at once.
A. be; be B. was; was C. was; be D. be; was
10. ---Have you visited the Great Wall of China? ---No, but I wish I ______.
A. will B. had C. have D. did
11. ---Shall I tell them the news? ---No, I would rather they ______ know it.
A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. didn’t
12. As you worked late yesterday, you ______ have come this morning.
A. needn’t B. mayn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
13. Isn’t it time that you ______ someone’s life ______ easier?
A. will make; a bit B. made; a lot of C. made; a bit D. have; a little
14. --- I thought you were coming back from Shanghai next week.
--- Oh, I ______ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.
A. would have intended B. intend C. had intended D. have intended
15. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
16. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
17. --- How I want to have studied harder when I was in school.
--- If you had, you ______ work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than never.
A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. won’t
18. Without your help, our team ______ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t have lose
19. If it were not for the fact that you ______ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. was C. are D. be
20. Our geography teacher has never been abroad, but he often talks as if he ______ to many countries. A. had been B. should have been C. would have been D. has been

虚拟语气：BABBACDCCBDACCBDBCCA

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