高中英语被动语态省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,语态,(voice),是个语法范围，它是一个动词形式，表示动词主语与该动词所表示动作之间主动和被动关系。当主语是动作执行者时，动词用主动语态（,Active Voice,）；假如主语是动作承受者，动词便用被动语态（,Passive Voice,）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.,昨天我们清扫了教室。,The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.,昨天教室被我们清扫了。,第1页,动词被动语态由,“,助动词,be+,及物动词过去分词,”,组成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来宾语变成了主语，原来主语变成了介词,by,宾语。主动句与被动句结构即使不一样，但动作执行者和承受者关系并没有改变。,第2页,普通现在时：,am/is/are done,普通过去时：,was/were done,现在进行时：,am/is/are being done,过去进行时：,was/were being done,现在完成时：,have/has been done,过去完成时：,had been done,普通未来时：,shall/will be done;be going to be done,当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为,can/must/have tobe done,He is regarded as a brilliant.,他被认为很有才气。,This book was written in 1969.,这本书是,1969,年写成。,The broken bike is being repaired now.,那辆坏了自行车正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.,他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The pen has been used for several years.,这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He said the factory had been opened.,他说这家工厂已经开张。,The work will be finished in three hours.,工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be looked after well.,这孩子必须被好好照料。,第3页,在被动句中有时用,by-,词组，有时不用。普通来说，当动作执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚主要或难以说出时，通常不用,by,。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者因为上下和结构上需要则必须使用,by,词组。比如：,Hamlet was written,by Shakespeare,.,哈姆雷特,是莎士比亚写。,第4页,(,一,),主动语态变被动语态方法,（,1,）,My aunt,invited,me,to her dinner party.,主语 谓语 宾语,I,was invited,(by,my aunt,)to her dinner party.,主语 谓语 宾语,（,2,）,The school,set up a special class to help poor readers.,A special class to help poor readers was set up,in the school,.,1.,把主动语态宾语变成被动语态主语。,2.,把主动语态谓语变成被动语态,be,+,过去分词,，时态要与原句保持一致。,3.,把主动语态主语变为介词,by,宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，,by,短语能够省略。假如原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用,in,+,地点名词作状语。,第5页,(,二,),语态转换时所注意问题,1.,把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词数要与新主语保持一致。,We have bought a new computer.,A new computer has been bought.(,正确,),A new computer have been bought.(,错误,),2.,含有双宾语主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，普通变间接宾语为主语时比较多。,My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.,I was given a present on my birthday.,假如把直接宾语,(,指物,),改为主语，则在间接宾语,(,指人,),前加适当介词，如上句还能够说：,A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,第6页,注意：,普通在以下动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词,to,，如：,bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell,等。,The cup with mixture was showed to the class.,My bike was lent to her.,普通在以下动词后，间接宾语前用介词,for,如：,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,fix,get,make,order,等。,Mother made me a new skirt.(A new skirt was made for me.),The meat was cooked for us.,Some country music was played for us.,第7页,People believe that he is an honest boy.,大家认为他是个老实孩子。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,2),把宾语从句里主语变成被动句主语，同时把宾语从句中谓语变成不定式短语。,1),用先行,it,作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置主语从句；,3.,当主动句宾语是,that,引导宾语从句，可转换为两种形式被动句,第8页,4.,含有介词动词主动句转换。,They have never listened to him.,人家从不听他话。,He has never been listened to.,第9页,5,、,My parents,made me water,all these young trees,（变被动）,I was made to water all these young trees by my parents,（加上了,to,）,这种主动句中用省,to,不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上,to,。这种谓语动词有,feel,，,hear,，,listen to,，,let,，,make,，,have,，,see,，,notice,，,look at,，,watch,（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。,第10页,6.,还有一个短语动词由,动词,+,名词,+,介词,组成，变被动语态有两种形式，以下：,1)We take good care of the books.,The books are taken good care of.,Good care is taken of the book.,2)You must pay attention to your pronunciation.,Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.,Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.,用于这类结构短语动词常见有：,catch sight of,make use of,pay attention to,set fire to,take care of,take hold of,take notice of,keep an eye on,等。,第11页,（,三）有些情况下动词主动形式也能够表示被动意义。,第12页,1.,有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和,well,badly,easily,等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见有：,write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook,等。如：,The cloth washes easily.,这布很好洗。,The new product sells well.,这新产品很畅销。,The pen writes smoothly.,这支笔写字很流畅。,对比：,The books sell well.(,主动句,),The books were sold out.(,被动句,),The meat didnt cook well.(,主动句,),The meat was cooked for a long time.(,被动句,),第13页,2,、表示主语状态特征连系动词：,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,等。比如：,Do you like the material?,Yes,it _ very soft.,A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,C,Your idea sounds reasonable.,What he said proved to be correct.,第14页,3,、动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1,）,.,在,need,require,want(,需要,),等动词后，表示某物,(,人,),要进行,处理时，后接动名词普通式主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式被动式。比如：,Youve come just in time to help us.,Fine,what requires doing?(=Fine,what requires to be done?),This sentence needs _.,A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved,C,第15页,2.be worth,后接动名词主动式表示被动意义。,His suggestion is not worth considering.,4,、动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义,1.,不定式修饰名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上主谓关系时。比如：,The next train to arrive was from New York.,第16页,2.,作定语不定式与被修饰名词或代词有逻辑上动宾关系，且句子主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上主谓关系时。,Please give me something to eat.I have a lot of work to do today.,(,间接宾语,me,是,to eat,逻辑主语,),(,主语,I,是,to do,逻辑主语,),区分：,I have some clothes to wash,I have some clothes to be washed,第17页,3.,用在作表语或宾语补足语形容词后面不定式，假如与句子主语或宾语有动宾关系时，普通用主动形式。比如：,His speech in English was difficult to follow.,Do you think him easy to get along with?,(,状语,to follow,与主语有动宾关系,),(,不定式与宾语有动宾关系,),第18页,5,，一些动词短语没有被动语态，如：,take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to,，,come true,，,date back to,，,turn out,，,run out,等。,如：,The fire broke out in the capital building.,误：,The fire was broke out in the capital building.,第19页,6,，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：,rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,等。,When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.,误：,The sun had already been risen.,After the earthquake,few houses remained.,误：,After the earthquake,few houses were remained.,第20页,7,，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，不能变为被动句子主语，如：,I taught myself English.,误：,Myself was taught English.,We love each other.,误：,Each other is loved.,第21页,1.People use knives for cutting things.,Knives _ _ for cutting things.,2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.,The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(,变被动语态）,第22页,3.I found the ticket on the floor.,_ _ _ _ on the floor.,4.I told her to return the book in time.,She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,第23页,5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.,He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.,6.Now people can use computers to help them.,Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,第24页,7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?,_ _ _ _ at this time last time?,8.Must we finish our work today?,_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,第25页,9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.,1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.,2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,第26页,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.,Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.,11.In this factory women do most of the work.,Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,第27页,12.He can mend the bike in two days.,The bike _ _ _ in two days.,13.You must take this medicine three times a day.,This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,第28页,14.The students in this school study German.,German _ _ by the students in this school.,15.Do they often talk about this question?,_ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,第29页,16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag.,I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag.,17.Was the window broken by Tom?,（变为主动语态）,_ Tom_ the window?,be helped,Did break,第30页,18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road.,He_ _ the tractor out of the road.,19.Doesnt Bob clean the street every day?,_ the street _ by Bob every day?,didnt drive,Isnt cleaned,第31页,20.What can they do to finish the work on time?,_ _ _ _ by them to finish the work?,What can be,done,第32页,区分：,Half of the guests _(invite)to the conference were foreigners.,Half of the guests _(invite)to the conference,1.He was surprised to,his room,thoroughly _,.(clean),find,2.the test _(,finish,),we began to analyze the result.,With,3.The topics _(discuss)at yesterdays meeting,第33页,巩固练习,I.,用括号内单词或短语正确形式填空。,1.This mountainous area in my hometown,_(name)a national wildlife,reserve several years ago.,2.The meat didnt taste very good.It,_(cook)too long.,3.He will stop showing off,if no notice _,(take)of him.,4.In some of the museums,visitors _,(request)not to take photos there.,was named,had been cooked,is taken,are requested,第34页,5.Youve failed to do what you _,(expect)to again and Im afraid your mother,will blame you.,6.By the time you graduate from college,great,changes _(take place)in,your hometown.,7.The dumplings were so delicious that they,_(sell)in no time.,8.All the drivers _(make)to,drive more carefully after the new,Highway Code takes effect.,were expected,were expected,will have taken place,were sold,will be made,第35页,9.All the preparations for the trip to Beijing,_(complete),and were,ready to start off.,10.A boy on a bike _(catch)my,attention.He was riding beside the bus and,waving his arms.(,年新课标全国卷,II,第,二部分,),have been completed,caught,第36页,Drills,：,A:,1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.,A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited,2.A big power station()_in my home town now.,A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building.,3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.,A.use B.using C.used D.are used.,4.Must old people_to politely?,A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken,C,B,D,D,第37页,5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.,A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting,6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.,A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain,7.The old man and the children_in our country.,A.must take good care B.must be take good care of,C.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of,8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_,From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen,B,A,D,C,第38页,9.All trees must_well when it is dry.,A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered,10._I think the shop_.,_No,its open.It_at six.closed,Asked Bwill be asked C.closed;closesD.closes;is,11.This bike is made in America.Its_for travelling.,A.use B.using C.to use D.used,D,D,D,第39页,III.,用括号内动词正确时态填空。,John has always travelled a lot.In fact,when he was only two years old he first 1._(fly)to the US.His mother is Italian and his father is American.John was born in France,but his parents 2._(meet)in Cologne,Germany after they had been living there for five years.They met one day while Johns father 3._(read)a book in the library and his mother 4._(sit)down beside him.Anyway,John 5._(travel),a lot because his parents also travel a lot.,flew,had met,was reading,sat,travels,第40页,As a matter of fact,John 6._(visit)his parents in France at the moment.He lives in New York now,but 7._(stay)with his parents for the past few weeks.He really enjoys living in New York,but he also loves coming to visit his parents at least once a year.,This year he 8._(fly)over 50,000 miles for his job.He has been working for Jackson&Co.for almost two years now.Hes pretty,sure that he 9._(work),for them next year as well.,is visiting,has been staying,has flown,will be working,第41页,His job requires a lot of travel.In fact,by the end of this year,he 10._(travel)over 120,000 miles!His next journey 11._(be)to Australia.He really doesnt like going to Australia because it is so far.This time he 12._(fly)from Paris after a meeting with the companys French partner.He 13._(sit)for over 18 hours by the time he arrives!,will have travelled,will be/is going to be,is going to fly,will have been sitting,第42页,John 14._(talk)with his parents earlier this evening when his girlfriend from New York telephoned to let him know that Jackson&Co.15._(decide)to merge(,合并,)with a company in Australia.The two companies 16._(negotiate)for the past month,so it really wasnt much of a surprise.Of course,this 17._(mean)that John will have to catch the next plane back to New York.Hell be meeting with his boss at this time tomorrow.,was talking,had decided,had been negotiating,（谈判）,means,第43页,1.The key _for locking the classroom door.,A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use,2.A new school _over there in two years.,A.may built B.may be built C.is built,3.He was made _yesterday.,A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried,4.The PRC_on October 1,1949.,A.was found B.is found C.was founded,D.is founded,5.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next week.,A.is given B.has been given C.will be given,D.will give,B,B,B,C,C,第44页,Exercises:,一,.,选择填空,:,Windows_ of glass.,be made B.is made C.are made D.been made,2.The house_ in .,is built B.is building C.was built D.used,3.A coat can_ for keeping warm.,be used B.is used C.been used D.used,C,C,A,第45页,4.Watches_ Shanghai last long.,A.are made in B.is made,C.are made from D.made,5.This desk is made _ wood.,A.of B.from C.in D.by,6.The things on show were _ the old days.,A.used B.used to C.used for D.used in,7.Silk _ in Suzhou and Hangzhou.,A.is produced B.are produced,C.produced D.is produces,A,A,D,A,第46页,