高中英语独立主格结构省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,Welcome everyone!,独立主格结构,Nominative Absolute Structure,第1页,1.No man can do two things at once.,2.No man is wise at all time.,3.No man is content.,4.No news is good news.,A man cannot spin and reel at the same time.,一心不可二用。,聪明一世，糊涂一时。,人心不足蛇吞象。,没有消息就是好消息。,Proverbs,第2页,1.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.(07重庆）,A.finishing B.finished,C.had finished D.were finished,2.The meeting _over,we all left the room and drove home.（上海）,A.isB.to be C.being D.would be,3.There _no bus,we had to walk home.,A.being B.to beC.wasD.been,解析：选B。此处考查独立主格结构。如选D项，their lessons前应加连词，所以D项不对；又因为their lessons与finish之间为动宾（被动）关系，所以A、C两项不对，选B属于,独立主格结构,。,Exercises,第3页,Sentences Appreciation,1.He lay at full length upon his stomach，,his head resting upon his left forearm,他脊背朝天，四肢伸展，,头枕着左臂,，直挺挺地趴伏着。,2.The coward was backing，,his face being deathly pale,，toward another room,那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，,脸色煞白,。,O,O,O,O,He lay at full length upon his stomach .,His head rested upon his left forearm.,The coward was backing toward another room,His face was deathly pale.,第4页,用作时间状语,The work done,we went home.,工作完成后，我们就回家了。,用作条件状语,Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.,假如天气允许话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。,Examples,After the work had been done,we went home.,If weather permits,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.,第5页,用作原因状语,There being no taxis,we had to walk.,没有出租车，我们只好步行。,用作伴随状语,He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head,.他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。,表示补充说明,We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two,.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人活。,第6页,功效：,独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，多用于书面语，其作用相当于一个,状语从句或并列句,，惯用来表示谓语动词,时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况,等。在口语和非正式文体中，,普通用,从句,或,两个句子,来代替。,Attention!,独立主格结构,1.表示,时间、条件或原因,时，相当于一个状语从句，普通放在,句首,；,2.表,伴随情况或补充说明,时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于,句末,;,Conclusion,独立主格结构功效,第7页,1.,The meeting over,，,we left the room,2.He returned home，,his face pale,3.,Time permitting,，,well visit the Summer Palace,4.,There being no bus,I have to walk home.,做原因状语,做伴随状语,做条件状语,做原因状语,Exercises,/做时间状语,第8页,名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是,主谓,关系,The girl staring at him,(=As the girl stared at him),he didnt know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。,名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是,动宾,关系。,The problems solved,(=As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved.伴随问题处理，质量已经提升了。,名词/主格代词与不定式之间是,未来,或详细动作。,They said good-bye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to the bookstore,.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。,Structure,第9页,名词/主格代词+形容词,An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive,.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。,名词/主格代词+副词,The meeting over,they all went home.会议一结束，他们就都回家了,名词/主格代词+介词短语,The boy went to the classroom,book in hand,.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。,在这个结构中，假如逻辑主语与介词短语中名词都是,单数,名词，在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。但注意比较：,He stood under a tree,hand in pocket.,He stood under a tree,with a hand in his pocket,.,with a book in his hand,第10页,名词/主格代词+名词,I received many gifts,many of them books.,我收到很多礼品，其中很多是书。,There being+名词（代词）,There being no further business,I declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论事了，我宣告散会。,It being+名词（代词）,It being Christmas,the government offices were closed.因为圣诞节缘故，政府机关都休息。,第11页,There being+名词（代词）,It being+名词（代词）,（一）,组成-,独立主格,（,名词或代词,）后接,doing,done,to do，形容词，副词，介词短语或名词,组成。即：,独立主格结构组成,名词/主格代词+,现在分词,名词/主格代词+,过去分词,名词/主格代词+,不定式,名词/主格代词+,形容词,名词/主格代词+,副词,名词/主格代词+,介词短语,名词/主格代词+,名词,第12页,1.独立主格结构是一个结构，不是一个句子，不需要用谓语动词。,2.独立主格结构,逻辑主语与句子主语不一样,，它有自己逻辑上主语，表示,相对独立,意思，它独立存在。,3.独立主格结构普通用,逗号,与主句,分开,。,4.在句中只作,状语,，并可对主句进行,补充说明,。,5.名词或代词与后面分词组成一定关系：,如,与,现在分词（doing)组成主谓关系或,与过去分词(done)组成动宾关系,等。,独立主格结构特点,第13页,考试结束了，我们开始放假。,When the test was finished,we began our holiday,The,test finished,we began our holiday.,在向导率领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。,Because the guide led the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.,The guide leading the way,We had no trouble getting out of the forest,Exercises,第14页,1.(,由向导带路,),we set off on foot into the dark night.,2.(,有那么多书要读,),I cant kill time by playing cards,3.At the gate stood a PLA man,（,手里握着枪,）,4.（,做完家庭作业,），he went to bed,5.（,因为是星期天,），we decided to go home.,The homework done/finished,（,With his homework done/finished,）,Exercises,It being Sunday,The guide leading the way,(,With the guide leading the way,),With so many books to read,gun in hand,（,with a gun in his hand,）,第15页,with,复合结构,与,独立主格结构,它们都能够在句中作,原因状语、条件状语、时间状语、伴随情况等使用，,普通也能够相互转换：,with,复合结构,组成是：,with,+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语等,独立主格结构,组成是：,名词/主格代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语等,with复合结构能够作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.,Soon she arrived at a park,with grass green and,flowers in blossom,.,=Soon she arrived at a park,whose grass was,green and,whose flowers were,in blossom.,第16页,1.作时间状语,With winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and,some birds fly south.,=,Winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and some,birds fly south.,2.作原因状语,With the weather terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.,=,The weather terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.,Examples,第17页,三、作条件状语,With time permitting,well visit the Summer Palace.,=,Time permitting,well visit the Summer Palace.,四、作伴随状语,The mother was cleaning the house,with her baby,playing on the bed.,=The mother was cleaning the house,her baby playing,on the bed.,Examples,第18页,不论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词谓语形式充当其中逻辑谓语。以下例中was就必须去掉：,He sat at the desk with a pen,was,in his right hand.,Attention!,He sat at the desk,with a pen in his right hand.,第19页,独立主格结构中 being和 having been常能够省略。,All the windows,(being),open,the air in the room is fresher.,全部窗户都开着，屋子里空气愈加新鲜了。,All the tickets,(having been),sold out,we had to wait for the next weeks show.,全部票都卖出去了，我们只好等下周演出。,Attention!,但当独立主格结构中 being done 表示“正在被做”时，being 不能够省略。,当独立主格结构逻辑主语是it,there时，being不能够省略。,第20页,The listeners having taken their seats,the concert began.,听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。,Attention!,Tom having been late over and over,his boss was very disappointed.,Tom总是迟到，他老板很失望。,独立主格结构中时态问题。独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。,第21页,独立主格结构主语没有全部格形式。,The chief deitor,arriving,we began the meeting.,主编来了，我们开始开会。,独立主格结构中，当表,人体部位,词作逻辑主语时，,不及物动词用现在分词,，,及物动词用过去分词,。,He lay there,his teeth,set,his fists,clenched,his eyes,looking,straight up.,他躺在那里，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。,Attention!,s,第22页,英语中还有一些相对独立成份短语。,有些分词短语能够独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑主语，作为习惯用语。常见有：,generally/frankly/strictly/honestly speaking,普通/坦率/严格/老实说,talking of/speaking of,谈到/说到,judging from,由.来判断,allowing for/considering that,考虑到,Attention!,第23页,有些固定短语是带to不定式，表明说话人立场和态度，在句中作独立成份，常见有：,to be honest/frank,老实说,to be sure,确实,to tell you the truth,说实话,to cut a long story short,长话短说,to make matter/things worse,更糟糕是,Attention!,第24页,独立主格结构是由名词或代词,后接,doing,done,to do,形容词、副词，介词短语或名词,组成一个独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，在句中常做状语。,独立主格结构位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。,独立主格结构与主句不发生句法上联络,。,切记：独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。,独立主格结构,The Absolute Structure,第25页,独立主格结构,它不依赖于主句，相对独立,它逻辑主语用代词,主,格,它是一个结构，不是一个句子,第26页,