【TPO小站】托福听力的6种题型精解.docx

托福听力的6种题型精解

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托福听力题型
主旨题
功能题
结构题
细节题
推理题
态度题

1：GIST QUESTION主旨目的题
Ø 什么是主旨目的题？
主旨题分为内容主旨和目的主旨

Ø 如何识别主旨目的题？
What are the students mainly discussing?
What is the main topic of the talk?
What is the lecture mainly about?
What is the talk mainly about?
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
What is the professor mainly discussing?
Ø 文章的主旨解决之道：
（1）听准开头 ；
（2）把握对话目的；
（3）对于演讲，敏感开头句型；
（4）捕捉全文重复（主题决定细节，细节反映主题）；
（5）训练关键词的敏感（大多是名词和动词）——适应于长对话

Ø 文章的主旨展开方式
（1） 直接展开：
l today we are going to talk about…
l I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing…
l let’s focus on…
l let’s now take a look at…
（2） 问答式展开：
l how are companies typically structured?
l Do you remember what they are?
l How can you understand it?
l Why does human being consider it important?
（3） 全文关键词总结

Ø 选项特征
l 正确选项标志词：history, development, background, information, growth, origin, features, characteristics, invention, creation, innovation, evolution, era, trend, comparison, classification等
l 干扰选项特征：
Too general: an idea that is beyond the focus of the conversation or lecture
too specific: a supporting detail instead of a main idea
inaccurate: not true, or only partially true, according to the speakers
irrelevant: about something that the speakers don’t mention

2：DETAIL QUESTION细节题
Ø 什么是细节题？
require the listener to understand and remember explicit details or facts that are important as an explanation or an example of the main idea. These details are typically related, directly or indirectly, to the gist of the text, by providing elaboration, examples or other support.
Ø 如何识别细节题？
What problem does the man have? ETS
According to the conversation, what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes?
Why does the professor talk about Plato’s description of society?
Ø 细节题的考查点
（1） 时间细节
l 年份、月份、星期、四季的说法
l 注意细节对应的事件
（2） 地点细节
l 国家名称（缩写、中文）
l 美国地名
（3） 名词细节
l 文章中出现的一个名词前后的特点
l 记住名词出现时候的发音
（4） 方位细节
l 注意方位词的说法
l 注意方向词的说法
（5） 数字细节
l 注意逗号原则的应用
l 注意分数，小数，百分数的说法
l 注意数字修饰的名词
（6） 颜色形状细节
l 常见的颜色词汇
l 常见的形状词汇
（7） 态度细节
l 注意点评一个事物所用的形容词
l 注意正负态度评价
（8） 人名细节
l 积累常见名人人名的发音
l 注意人名的前后一致性
（9） 双选细节
l 注意并列的原因、建议、结果、陈述、特点
l 注意序数词和表示顺序的短语
（10） 图片细节
l 常见的会出现图片学科：生物学，植物学，地理学，地质学，气象学
l 抓住图片中的要素：大小，形状，颜色，方向，方位，特点
l 笔记中记录下图片

3：PURPOSE QUESTION功能题
Ø 什么是功能题？
the question type often involves replaying a portion of the listening passage.
Ø 如何识别功能题？
What does the professor imply when he says this: (reply)
What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student?
What is the purpose of the woman’s response?
Why does the student say this?
Ø 托福听力中的常见功能：
（1） Explanation: Simply put/ Let’s put in this way/ I think I should/ you mean
（2） Conclusion: now to sum/ wrap up my speech
（3） Suggestion: you should have done something better
（4） Inspiration: come on, you are supposed to know this…
（5） Emphasis: please bear in mind that…/ Rhetorical question
（6） Correcting mistake: Excuse me, Actually, Did I say XXX? I mean YYY. Oh, wait a minutes, What am I saying? wait a minute/ I made a slip of tongue

4： ATTITUDE QUESTION态度题
Ø 什么是态度题？
you may be asked a question about the speaker’s feelings, likes and dislikes, or reason for anxiety or amusement. Also included in this category are questions about a speaker’s degree of certainty: is the speaker referencing a source or giving a personal opinion? Are the facts presented generally accepted or are they disputed?
Ø 如何识别态度题？
What can be inferred about the student?
What is the professor’s attitude toward…?
What is the professor’s opinion of …?
What can be inferred about the student when she says this:
What does the woman mean when she says this:

态度题的Tips:
(1) 语气语调，重读，小词；
(2) 把握态度上的肯定还是否定；
(3) 喜欢还是厌倦；
(4) 有兴趣还是没有兴趣；
(5) 满意、不满意还是受挫；
Ø 托福听力中的常见态度：
（1） Awful: woops! Uh-uh! Oh, no! Oh, dear! Oh, shoot!
（2） Remind: I don’t think you will do/ I was wondering if you will do something/ I don’t imagine if you do…/ you haven’t done something, have you?
（3） Pity: what a shame/ that’s too bad./ I’m sorry to hear that/ tough luck
（4） Eulogy: Fabulous=Fab; Magnificent=Magnif; Glamorous=Glam; Excellent; Terrific; Awesome; Amazing; Fantastic; Incredible; Outstanding; Superb; Charming; Good job
（5） to the professor: Fascinating; Catching; Instructive; Stimulating Thought-provoking;
（6） Surprise: Gee! Jesus! My dear! Boy! Jesus Christ! Man! Oh, my God! Gosh! Oh, my! What! Dear me!
（7） Tactful refuse: Sounds great, but/ Sounds like fun, but/ that’s tempting, but/ I wish I could, but/ I’d love to, but/ I’d really like to, but/ I would (if I could), but/ I meant to, but/ I have been meaning to (do something), but/ I should have, but…

5：ORGANIZATION QUESTION结构题
Ø 什么是结构题？
in understanding organization questions you may be asked about the overall organization of the listening passage, or you may be asked about the relationship between two portions of the listening passage.

Ø 如何识别全文结构题？
How is the information in the lecture organized?
How does the professor clarify the points he makes about Mexico?
Ø 新托福演讲文章的四种典型结构
（1） 直线型结构
（2） 并列结构
（3） 比较结构
（4） 对比结构
Ø 如何识别表格题？
（1） 配对表格题：重要信息对号入座，侧重于考察多个时间、地点、人物、事件的对应／段落中主要论点下的各分支及各分支定义和主要特点
（2） 判断表格题：侧重于考察哪些信息提到／没提到（注意记录文中列举的主要观点／举例）
（3） 排序表格题：侧重于考察对过程／步骤地把握

6：INFERENCE QUESTION推理题
Ø 什么是推理题？
You usually have to reach a conclusion based on facts presented in the listening passage.
Ø 如何识别推理题？
What can be inferred about …? ETS
What does the professor imply about …? ETS
What will the students do in the summer?
Ø 推理题的解题技巧
（1） 注意出现的观点性语言：in my opinion, as far as I’m concerned, personally, pay attention, from my point of view
（2） 注意进度条和结尾段的引申
（3） 注意首尾段的遥相辉映
（4） 正确选项经常是文章中没有出现的单词

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