如何训练和提高学生的阅读能力.doc

如何训练和提高学生的高效阅读

在英语考试中，阅读题占有很大的比重。信息量大、时间紧是英语阅读的一大特点。提高阅读能力成了广大学生们的共同目标。要提高阅读速度，一方面要求学生对阅读材料“眼脑直映”，克服不良的阅读习惯，另一方面要掌握快速阅读技巧，从而实现阅读速度的飞跃。下面我就和老师们讨论几个比较实用的阅读技巧，希望对教师们的阅读教学有所帮助。
（一） 略读
粗略地阅读语言材料的一种面式阅读法。它要求一眼要看整行或几行文字,抓住所读文章的系统和脉络,寻求所需的内容。有些文章通过略读即可获取阅读材料的主旨。快速阅读时，往往通过略读首尾段、首尾句来了解文章大意。　　
1. Read only the first sentence of a paragraph.
If your author is a good author, he or she will begin each paragraph with a key statement that tells you what that paragraph is about. By reading only the first sentence, you can determine if the paragraph has information you need to know.
如果作者够水准的话，他在每个段落的开头都会交代一下该段所写的大致内容。只要读每段的第一句话，你就能够判断出该段有没有你想了解的信息。
If you’re reading literature, this still applies, but know that you may miss details that enrich the story. When the language in literature is artful, I would choose to read every word.
如果你读的是文学作品的话，这个方法依然适用。不过要知道，这样的话你可能会错过很多故事丰富的细节。如果所读的文学作品妙语连珠的话，建议你选择逐字逐句地阅读。
2. Skip to the last sentence of the paragraph.
The last sentence in a paragraph should also contain clues for you about the importance of the material covered. A last sentence often serves two functions— it wraps up the thought expressed and provides a connection to the next paragraph.
一般每个段落的最后一句话也应该会包含有关这段材料的重要性的线索。段末一句话一般来说有2个功能，总结一下所表达的思想或者为下一段作过渡。
（二）跳读
带着明确目的寻找特定信息，忽略无关内容的点式阅读。此方法适用于细节检索式问题。跳读，往往是通过阅读词组以及忽略不重要的词语来提高阅读速度。
1. Read phrases.
When you’ve skimmed first and last sentences and determined the paragraph is worth reading, you still don't need to read every word. Move your eyes quickly over each line and look for phrases and key words. Your mind will automatically fill in the words between.
当浏览过段首及段末的两句话后，如果你觉得这段内容值得你去读，你也不必逐字通读。眼睛快速扫描每行文字，寻找词组和关键词。你的大脑会自动帮你补全那些跳过的文字的。
2. Ignore the little words.
Ignore the little words like it, to, a, an, and be — you know the ones. You don't need them. Your brain will see these little words without acknowledgment.
如it、to、a、an、be等“小词”可以忽略，这些词你太熟悉了。在阅读过程中，你并不需要他们。你的大脑会自动识别这些词的。
（三）组读
以意群为单位，一组一组视读。边读边理解。减少眼睛停顿的次数，缩短“眼脑直映”时间，寻找关键点。
1. Look for key points.
Look for key points while you're reading for phrases. You're probably already aware of the key words in the subject you're studying. They'll pop out at you. Spend a little more time with the material around those key points.
在以词组为单位进行阅读时，注意寻找要点。有关于文章中研究对象的关键词，可能你事先已经做到心中有数了。在阅读过程中，这些关键词会在你眼前跳出来。多花点时间在那些要点附近的材料上。
2. Use all the tools provided — lists, bullets, sidebars.
Use all the tools the author provides — lists, bullets, sidebars, anything extra in the margins. Authors usually pull out key points for special treatment. They're clues to important information. Use them all. Besides, lists are usually easier to remember.
对于作者使用的写作表现形式，如：列表、文字前面作为强调的圆形符号、栏框等所有在空白处额外的东西，要加以充分利用。作者通常会把关键点拿出来加以特别处理。这些表现形式都是寻找重要信息的线索，一定要充分利用。此外，列表也通常更容易记。
3. Mark key thoughts in the margins.
I know you were taught not to write in your books, and some books should be kept clean, but a textbook is for studying. Mark key thoughts in the margins. If it makes you feel better, use a pencil. Even better, you can buy a packet of those little sticky tabs and slap one on the page with a short note. When it's time to review, simply read through your tabs.
大家从小就被教导不要往书上乱写。对于有些书是这样的，但教科书是用来学习的，可以在空白的地方记下一些重要的想法和心得。如果能让你感觉更舒服的话，你可以用铅笔来记，更可以买些可粘贴的小便签，在上面记些短小的笔记，然后贴到书页上。到复习的时候，只要浏览一遍你的便签即可。
（四）记忆
阅读语言材料时，熟记文中的重要事件，记忆是提高阅读理解速度的重要手段。边读边忘，就无法深入全面理解材料。回视、重读等不良阅读习惯会随之出现。加强记忆能力的训练可以通过背诵重点句型、段落主题句、课文主要段落、结论，也可以在规定的时间之内阅读一段文章，然后复述该段文章的主要内容。
1. Take notes for practice tests.
When you read something you know will show up on a test, write it down in the form of a question. Note the page number beside it so you can check your answers if necessary. Keep a list of these key questions and you'll have written your own practice test.
当读到一些你认为会在考试中出现的知识点时，把它以问题的形式记下来。在问题边上写下答案所在的页码，以便在必要时查看答案。把这些重要问题列在一起，你就可以进行自我摸底考试了。
2. Read with good posture.
Reading with good posture helps you read longer and stay awake longer. Give your body a break. Sit in a healthy way and you'll last a lot longer.
阅读时保持一个良好的姿势能够让你更长时间地、清醒地进行阅读。让你的身体放松，保持健康的坐姿，你便能更长时间地看书了。
3. Practice, practice, practice.
Reading fast takes practice, practice, practice. Practice makes all the difference.
要实现阅读速度的提高，你必须训练学生进行一而再，再而三的反复实践练习。熟能生巧，实践才能出真知。