反意疑问句讲解.doc

反意疑问句
反意疑问句的概念及构成
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问者有一定的主见，但没有把握，希望对方证实一下。
反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。
反意疑问句的结构可分为两种：
Ａ：肯定，否定？ Ｂ：否定，肯定？
It is a fine day, isn’t it? It isn’t a fine day, is it?
二、反意疑问句的解答步骤
1.判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；
2.找动（找句子的助动词：按原形do，单三does，过去时态did加）；
3.换代（将主语换为代词）；
4.完成（写上问号，注意语调）。
I have been waiting for you, haven’t I?
Their parents have gone to London, haven’t they?
Jack wasn’t playing soccer, was he?
You have a good friend, don’t you?
We had a meeting, didn’t we?
特殊形式反意疑问句，除了要采取上述其中的几步外，还要注意其不规则变化。
特殊代词做主语
a、人称代词Ｉ作主语。由于“am+not”无缩写形式，所以后面问句的谓语和陈述句的谓语不一致如：I am a worker, aren’t I?
b、指示代词this或that; these或those作陈述句的主语, 其简短的主语分别为it或they。
如：This (That) is your pen, isn’t it?
These (those) aren’t books, are they?
c、不定代词：everyone, everybody , anyone, anybody, someone，somebody, no one, nobody,问句部分的主语用they
如：Everyone studies English, don’t they?
Nobody is here, are they ?
d、不定代词 everything , nothing , anything , something 做主语时，其问句部分的主语用it .
如：Everything is here, isn’t it?
Nothing is here, is it?
祈使句后的反意疑问句形式
a、Let’s表示说话人向对方提出建议，简短问句的主语用 we表示，问句用 shall we?
如： Let’s have a cup of tea, shall we?
b、Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求，问句用 will you 。
如： Let me have a rest, will you?
c、其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句will you，使语气变得客气一些。
如：Have a rest, will you?
Don’t stand up, will you?
主从复合句的反意疑问句形式
a、一般主从复合句，疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。
She says her brother is a worker, doesn’t she?
b、如果主从复合句中主句的主语I，谓语动词为think, expect , believe , imagine 等，问句中的主语和谓语必须和从句中的主语，谓语保持一致。
如：I don’t think you have done it, have you?
I suppose you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
4、含有下列情态动词时构成的反意疑问句形式
a、陈述句有had better时，问句中用had (hadn’t) 。
You’d better go home now, hadn’t you?
b、陈述句中有 must表示“必须”时问句用 needn’t或 mustn’t
You must do your homework, mustn’t you?/ needn’t you?
We mustn’t go home, must (need) we?
c、must表示“推测”时，问句中则不能用情态动词，而需要用其它形式。
如：She must be in the room, isn’t she?
You must have been to Shanghai, haven’t you?
陈述句中含有否定含义的词。
如no, nothing, nobody, little, few, never, neither, hardly, seldom 等, 问句部分应用肯定形式。
He never wanted to go, did he ?
I had few apples, did I?
There was nothing in the water, was there?
5. 陈述句部分中含有表示否定意义的前缀或后缀(如：un-, in-, im-, dis-, -less等)的词时，
否定前缀或后缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如：
They dislike English, don't they? 他们不喜欢英语，不是吗？
That's unfair, isn't it? 那件事不公平，不是吗？
You are too careless, aren't you? 你太粗心了，不是吗？
6、并列句的反意疑问句，问句的主语一般与最近的句子的主语保持一致。
如：We must study English hard, or we aren’t good at English, are we?
It is late now, but he goes on doing his homework, doesn't he?
7、感叹句的反意问句形式。
感叹句的问句中的谓语动词要用否定形式，be动词要用一般现在时形式。
如：How slowly he runs, doesn’t he?
What a good worker he is, isn’t he?
8. 在there be 句型中，疑问句部分用 be (not) there 如：
There is a book on the table, isn’t there
9. 陈述句部分是"I wish…"句型时，附加问句部分用may I。例如：
I wish I were you, may I? 我希望我是你，可以吗？
I wish her to come here, may I? 我希望她到这儿来，可以吗？
对反意疑问句的回答，
不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就要用Yes，事实是否定的，就要用No。
回答反意疑问句要遵循“实事求是”的原则，肯定的答案就yes+肯定结构；否定的答案就用
no+否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符这和汉语不一样，应特别注意。如：
--You are not going out today, are you?
--No, I am not 是的，我今天不出去。
--Yes, I am. 不，我今天要出去。
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