初中宾语从句及练习题.doc

宾语从句
1.概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
2. 结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句。
主要内容：
1. 由that 引导的宾从：
（1）当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
例句：Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. （林涛觉得他自己的队伍越来越好了。）
He said (that) he would like to look after his mother. （他说他想去照顾他的妈妈。 ）
（2） 在带有复合宾语的结构中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例句: I think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone .(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
（3）在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad，pleased，happy等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。
例句：我们确信我们队会赢这场比赛。 We’re sure (that) our team will win .
（4） 有些介词，如at,with, expect等，可带that 引导的宾语从句。
2. if / whether 引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例句：Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
在以下情况下，whether和if 不可以替换：
（1） 在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
例句：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. 我不知道那个电影明星是否回来。
（2） 在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。
例句：Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 所有的事情取决于我们是否拥有足够的时间。
（3) 和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例句：We decided whether to walk there. 我们决定是否走过来。
（4） 在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week. 我们讨论是否在下周开运动会议。
（5） 有些形容词，如sure等，可用whether引导从句，不用if.
例句：We are not sure whether they will come or not. 我们不能肯定他们是否会来。
3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。
例句：Do you know what he said just now ? 你知道他刚才说了什么吗？
I don’t remember when we arrived . 我不记得我什么时候到的。
I don’t know why he looks so sad. 我不知道他为什么看起来如此悲伤。
I asked him where I could borrow so much money .我问他我从那儿可以借到这么多钱。
Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . 请告诉我，我必须去看谁。
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?你能告诉我们飞到海南要花费多少吗？
Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?你能告诉我们你多久去国外度一次假？
二、时态
1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。
例句：
我知道他住在那里。 I know he lives here .
我知道他十年前就住在那里了。 I know he lived here ten years ago .
我已经听说他明天会来。 I have heard that he will come tomorrow .
2. 如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
我知道谁住在那里。I knew he lived here.
我看见她正在跟她妈妈谈话。
I saw she was talking with her mother.
他说他已经见过她了。
He said that he had seen her .
3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
老师说太阳围绕着地球转动。
The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.
三.否定前移
1.若主句的谓语动词是think ,believe, suppose,expect,imagine等后面宾语从句的否定要前移。
例句：I don’t think he will come with you. 我觉得他不会和你一起来的。
2.宾语从句的反义疑问句：
（1）主句主语为第一人称
① 谓语为suppose , think , believe , expect , imagine 等词，与从句保持一致，并且要注意否定转移
② 谓语为其他动词，与主句保持一致
I suppose father’s sleeping , isn’t he ?
I don’t think you are right , are you ?
I said that I would come back soon , didn’t I ?
2.主句主语为其他称，与主句保持一致
He said he wanted to go to the zoo , didn’t he ?
四． 宾语从句的虚拟语气
1. “wish”后的宾语从句，虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，宾语从句中的 “that”通常可以省略。
(a) 表示对现在事实的假设愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。
主语+wish+从句（主语+过去式+…）
I wish I were as young as you. （真希望我能和你一样年轻。）
How I wish it weren’t raining! （现在要是不下雨该多好啊！）
(b) 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时。
主语+wish+从句（主语+had+过去分词+…）
I wish I had been here last night. （我要是昨晚在这儿就好了。）
He wishes he hadn’t spent so much money. （他后悔不该花那么多钱。）
I wish I had learned more. （我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！）
(c)表示对将来的不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用过去将来时。
主语+wish+从句（主语+would/could/might+动词原形）
I wish I could fly to the moon one day .（我希望有一天可以飞到月球上去 。）
How she wishes her eyes would see again!（她多么希望双眼能重见光明啊！）
wish&hope
wish+从句，表示的是很难不可能实现的愿望，从句必须用虚拟语气。
hope+从句，表示的是有可能实现的事实，从句不能用虚拟语气。
e.g.
He wishes his son would win the competition. 他真希望他的儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。（可惜获胜不了）
He hopes that his son will win the competition. 他希望他儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。（有可能获胜）
2. 表要求、建议、命令的宾语从句
一个坚持（insist）
两个命令（order, command ）
三个建议（suggest, propose ,advise）
四个要求（ask,demand,require,request）
在这些动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用（should）+do（动词原形）。
在这类句型中只能用should，不可以用would， could， might等别的词代替。而在现代英语中，should 常被省略。
特殊：动词insist和suggest后接宾语从句时
若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气。
insist—坚持要求；suggest—建议
若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。
insist—坚持认为；suggest—表明，认为
e.g.
He insisted that I had read his letter. (他坚持说我看过他的信。)
He insisted that I (should) read his letter. (他坚持要我看他的信。)
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. （他建议我们留下吃饭。）
His face suggested that he was angry. （他的脸色表明他生气了。）
3.would rather后的宾语从句
would rather引导的的宾语从句，表示“宁愿、宁可”，语气较为委婉。
would rather/
would sooner/
had rather
that
过去发生 过去完成时
现在发生 一般过去时
将来发生 一般过去时
I would rather you hadn’t said it. （我真希望你没有这样说过。 ）
I would rather we had a rest now. （我希望我们现在休息一下.）
I would rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. （但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她.）

宾语从句练习题
练习一：
（   ）1. Please tell me___      ___. I have some good news for him.
　　A. where Robert lives           B. where does Robert live
　　C. where Robert lived           D. where did Robert live
　　（   ）2. —We don’t know  ．　—It is said that he was born in Canada．
　　A．what he is                    B．when he was born
　　C．where he comes from           D．if he lives here
　　（   ）3. —May I come in? I’m sorry I am late.
　　—Come in, please. But could you please tell me ______?
　　A. why you are late again            B. what were you doing then
　　C. who you talked with               D. how do you came to school
　　（   ）4. Could you tell me________?
　　A. When will Mary come back     B. When Mary comes back
　　C. When Mary will come back   （2008 青海省）
　　（   ）5.—What did you say just now? 　—I asked _______.
　　A. that I could open the door     B. could I open the door
　　C. how could I open the door      D. how I could open the door
　（   ）6.—Do you know ________, Mike? 　—On May 12th,2008
　　A. when the earthquake took place in Wen Chuan
　　B. when did the earthquake take place in Wen Chuan
　　C. when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan
练习二 ：
1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _______. .
A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way
C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate
2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
----Sorry. I don’t know _______. .
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
3. ---Could you please tell me _______. ? ----Bus No.32 will take you right there.
A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like
C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
4.Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______. .
A. where they have been B. where are they
C. where are they from D. where they have gone
5. ---Do you know _______. the Capital Museum? ---Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited
6. He wanted to know _______.the English party.
A. when will we have B. when we will have
C. when would we have D. when we would have
7. I want to know _______. .
A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at
8.---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _______. ?
----He is a doctor.
A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is
9. ---Could you tell me _______. ? He is wanted by the head teacher.
---Sorry, I’ve no idea. But he _______ here just now.
A. where Tim; was B. where is Tim; was
C. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is
10. ---Did Mrs. King leave a message?
---Yes. She wanted to know _______ this Sunday.
A. who you would go shopping B. if you would go shopping with her
C. that you will go shopping D. when will you go shopping with her
11.---I’m a teenager’s mother. Sometimes I don’t know .
----Love and understanding.
A. what my son needs most B. what does my son want to get
C. why my son gets annoyed very often D. why does my son get annoyed very often.
12.---I wonder _______. without water ----About a week.
A. how long man can live B. how long can man live
C. when man can live D. when can man live
13.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
14. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
练习三：
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6． Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
二、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
三、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.
(同义句)→ Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.
（改为否定句） → I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy cann't decide which bags to buy.
（改为反义疑问句） → Lucy cann’t decide which bags to buy, ?
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.
（改为简单句） → I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
四、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
参考答案：
练习一参考答案：1. A  2. C  3. A  4. C  5. D  6. A
练习二 考参考答案
1.参考答案A. 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
2. 参考答案 D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国？抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
3. 参考答案 D. 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆（我坐几路车能到河南博物馆）吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
4. 参考答案D. 彼得说怀特一家正在度假，但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。They have been to他们去过某个地方，现在已经回来了；they have gone to他们去了某个地方，现在还没有回来。
5. 参考答案B. 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗？下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
6. 参考答案D. 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
7. 参考答案A. 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
8. 参考答案D. David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗？他是医生。询问职业用what；宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
9. 参考答案C. 你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗？班主任在找他。对不起，我不知道。但是他刚才在这里。动词tell后接的宾从应用陈述语序，just now提示应该用was.
10. 参考答案B. 金太太留口信了吗？是的，她想知道这个周日你是否跟她一起去购物。
11. 参考答案A. 我是一个青少年的妈妈。有时我不知道我的儿子最需要什么。爱和理解。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Love and understanding.故用what.
12. 参考答案A. 我想知道，没有水人能活多久。大约一周。About a week知询问应用how long，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
否定前移专项训练答案：
13. B 14.A
练习三 参考答案
一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked
二、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what
三、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.can she 4.how to get 5.will they
四、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam