英语图表作文范例.doc

图表作文写作指导
图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分，而当前的图表作文大多还有第三个段落。图表作文的规律性很强，不像图画式作文那样富于变化。
1．首段的写作
图表作文有表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）之分，后三种都属于图表的范畴（chart）。不管是chart还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量（A），每个变量有几个数据（B），不妨以A*B表示。
如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下：
From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.
如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下：
From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state-owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.
这里用了while引起从句来突显对比，是一种非常好的办法，如果用两句话来描述，也完全可以。
如果是1*n（n>3）的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。
碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，这样问题就迎刃而解了。
2． 第二段的写作
第二段是解释原因的段落。我们谈谈两个问题。
首先是过渡句这个问题。这里不大可能放在第一段，因为第一段不可能像某些命题作文那样简洁（如只有一句）——例如提纲式作文中的批驳类文章中除第二段首句批驳之外还有首段末句批驳，效果很强烈。
其次就是此段的主题句(topic sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观，并无拘束，只要上下文风格统一即可。
主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.
主观之变体（使用插入语，突显主语）：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon.
Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.
Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.
注意:插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧，可以达到很好的效果。
主观之变体（使用插入语）：Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.
客观：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
在主题句之后，可以使用连接词分两个、三个或四个方面来写，其中分三个方面来写最为常见。这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了——可以由最重要的到最不重要的，也可以由最不重要的到最重要的，也可能平行分布，依具体情况而定，不一而足。
3． 第三段的写作
第三段直接写结论的情况已基本没有了。如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么这一段写解决办法的可能性最大。
如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么这一段很可能是两种情况——可能写负面的影响或存在的问题，或者写未来趋势或发展方向。
上述均根据具体情况而定。
图表作文注意事项
写图表作文，并不是单纯的用语言文字把图表里的所有数字信息一一摊摆，逐条列出，而是利用这些数据，经常还得筛选，将该图表所要说明的主要问题阐述清楚。就这个意义上说，图表作文属于说明文。如果图表信息是用来论证某一观点，则图表作文属于议论文。因此，图表作文在结构处理和写法上与说明文或议论文是相同的。它通常必须:
1. 用一个主题句或引言段，综述全图表的中心信息（也就是考生在审阅图表后形成的结论）。
2. 列举三组左右的相关数据来说明或证实主题句或引言段所提及的要点。
3. 分析产生这一图表结论的原因或联想推测可能引起的后果。
图表作文范文
范文： How People Spent Their Holidays
Year 1990 1995 2000
Traveling 37% 51% 76%
Staying at home 63% 49% 24%
1. 上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况，请描述其变化：
2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因。
3. 得出结论。
How People Spent Their Holidays
1)As can be seen from the table, the past decade have witnessed dramatic changes in the way people spent their holiday between 1990 and 2000. 2) In 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure dropped considerably to 24% in 2000. 3) It is obvious from the table that people tended to be more and more mobile, and they wanted to get entertainment in the outside world.
What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. 1) To start with, with the rapid development of economy, people earn by far more money than they used to. Thus, people are able to afford traveling expenses. 2) Secondly, people think it important to get well-informed about the outside world in this new era when everything is on the move. Traveling, of course, is a sure way to achieve this goal. 3) What's more, in this competitive society, people are usually under great stress. However, it is not difficult to find traveling an effective way to relieve people's stress and get relaxation. 4) Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to their health but also to the peace of mind.
In conclusion, people prefer to go traveling rather than stay at home during holidays for a combination of reasons. Moreover, it seems that this trend will last in the foreseeable future.