高中英语-Unit-1-Friendship课堂导学-新人教必修1.doc

课堂导学
文本感知
1.What kind of friends did Anne want best?
A.She wanted a friend who could help her when she was in difficulty.
B.She wanted a friend who could share her feelings and thoughts.
C.She wanted a friend who could laugh at her.
D.She wanted a friend who could keep a record of facts for her.
答案：B
2.Why did Anne make Kitty her best friend?
A.Because Kitty was helpful when Anne was in trouble.
B.Because Anne and Kitty were neighbors from childhood.
C.Because Kitty was also a Jewish.
D.Because Anne had no other choices at that time.
答案：D
3.From the letter to Kitty,we can see that______.
A.Anne loves Kitty very much
B.Anne looks forward to freedom
C.Anne loves indoor life
D.Anne isnt interested in nature
答案：B
4.Why didn’t Anne dare open a window at a bright night?
A.Because she feared they were discovered and caught.
B.Because her eyes would be hurt by the moon light.
C.Because the thief might climb in.
D.Because it was too cold outside.
答案：A
5.From the passage,we can conclude that______.
A.people didnt dare to make friends with the Jewish during that time
B.the Jewish liked to lead a hidden life
C.the Jewish didnt like to make friends
D.Anne’s family lived in Amsterdam until they were caught by Nazis
答案：A
难名透视
1.Your friend comes to school very upset.
你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。
剖析:upset是形容词,意为“心烦意乱的,苦恼的”,作主语补足语,描述主语friend的状态。
2.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
剖析:这句话包含两个句式:I wonder if...“我想知道是否……”;在it is之后表原因的从句中，只能用because来引导;be crazy about是固定短语,意为“对……狂热”;to do with nature是后置定语修饰everything,意为“与自然界有关系的”。
3.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
我记得非常清楚,以前,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未令我心迷神往过。
剖析:“when a deep...”是定语从句,先行词是a time; could have done用来对过去的情况进行猜测;spellbound是过去分词,作宾补,描述宾语的状态,表示被动,意为“迷住;迷惑”。4.Another time some months ago,I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open.
还有一次,就在几个月以前的一个晚上,我碰巧在楼上,窗户是开着的。
剖析:happen to do表示“碰巧做某事;恰巧做某事”;when the window was open是定语从句,修饰one evening。
5.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face...
漆黑的夜晚,风吹雨打,雷电交加;我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
剖析:hold sb. in one’s power 使某人完全处在……的力量之中;在It was the first time+thatclause的句型中，that引导的从句用过去完成时表示虚拟;face to face 是方式状语,意为“面对面”。
6.I do want to change this situation,but I don’t know how.
我的确想改变目前的情形,但我又不知道怎么做。
剖析:do want是一种强调用法,助动词do对动词want进行强调,意为“的确”。
7.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
如果你能给我一些忠告,我将十分感激。
剖析:该句使用了虚拟语气,主句用would;从句用could。要注意,在表示请求的句式中使用虚拟语气,可使得你的请求委婉客气。
要点解读
活学巧用
一、词汇详解
1.add vt.增加;添加;补充说
vi.加;加起来;增添
【典型例句】
The fire is going out; will you add some wood?
火快熄了,请你加些木柴好吗?
I should add that we are very pleased.
我要补充说的是我们非常高兴。
Add up these figures,please.
请把这些数字加起来。
Her arrival added to our pleasure.
她的到来增添了我们的快乐。
【相关链接】
add in算入; 包括
add on加到上; 附加; 包括
add to 增加,加到
add up加起来,总计
add up to总计共达; (总起来看)等于说
单项填空
(1)The pair of giant pandas called Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan the pleasant atmosphere at the Spring Festival Evening Party.
A.added　　　　B.added to
C.added in D.added on
提示:added to在此句中表示“增添了春节晚会的愉快气氛”。
答案:B
(2)______is known to all,good friends________happiness and value to life.
A.It;add　　　　B.As;add
C.It;add up D.As;add to
提示:as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”。句中已有介词to,所以只能用add。
答案:B
2.point n.点;尖端;分数
【典型例句】
It looks like the point of a needle.它像是针尖。 
Do you have a pencil with a sharper point?
你有尖一点的铅笔吗?
Our team scored five points.
我们队得了五分。
【相关链接】
(1)point作名词用时,可用于引申义,意为“有意义;有道理;要点”。例如:
I can’t see the point of what you said.
我看不出你说的话有什么意义。
(2)point还可作动词用,意为“指向;指出来”。例如:
It’s rude to point your fingers at people.
用手指指人是很不礼貌的。
The hands of the clock then pointed to half past three.
那时时针指向三点半。
He pointed out that they were mistaken.
他指出他们错了。
(3)point构成的短语:
on the point of doing sth.正想做某事
point at sth.指向某物
point to 指向(强调方向)
point out指出;把注意力引向
in point of就……而言;关于……
make a point of 特别注意
to the point 切题
单项填空
(1)The most important_______of his speech was that we should all work for the people whole-heartedly.
A.element　　　　B.spot
C.sense D.point 
提示:point在这里是“要点；要领”的意思。sense意思是“意识,意思”,element意思是“元素”。
答案:D
(2)It is bad manners to talk to other persons with your_______him or her.
A.pointing to　　　B.pointing at 
C.pointing out D.pointing on
提示:point out的意思是“指出”,point to 和point at 都有“指着”的意思,然而point at多指具体的东西,而point to侧重方向。
答案:B
(3)I’m glad you’ve come;I am______telephoning you.
A.at the point of B.to the point of
C.on the point of D.in the point of
提示:句意:你来了我真高兴,我正想给你打电话呢。on the point of意为“正要做某事”。 
答案:C
3.upset vt.&vi.(upset,upset;upsetting)使不安;使心烦
adj.心烦意乱的;不适的;不舒服的
【典型例句】
Don’t upset yourself—no harm has been done.
不要难过——并没有造成伤害。
I’m always upset when I don’t get any mail.
我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。
He has an upset stomach.他胃不舒服。
【知识小结】
upset作动词用,其现在分词upsetting意为“令人不安的”;过去分词upset已转化为形容词,在句中可作表语或定语。
【相关链接】
(1)upset作动词用时,也可表示“打翻,弄翻”。例如:
I upset the soup all over the table.
我把汤打翻在桌上了。
(2)upset作名词用时,意为“翻倒;倾覆;推翻心烦意乱”。例如:
She had a major emotional upset.
她情绪上受到了沉重的打击。
完成句子
（1）他因为儿子的意外事故而十分懊恼。
He________his son’s accident.
(2)这坏天气会把我们野餐的计划打乱。
The bad weather will____________for a picnic.
(3)她把茶打翻在桌子上。
She______________over the table.
(4)人家没有邀请他，他很不痛快。
He was____________not being invited.
答案：
（1）was upser by/over
(2)upset our plan
(3)upset her/the tea
(4)upset at
4.ignore vt.不理睬；不顾
【典型例句】
Ignore the child if he misbehaves,and he will soon stop.
孩子胡闹时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。
He ignored the doctor’s advice.
他不顾医生的忠告。
【相关链接】
ignorance n.无知；不知
be in ignorance of sth.不知某事
from ignorance 出于无知
单项填空
I tried to persuade him not to keep in touch with her,but what I said was always______.
A.accepted　　　　
B.received
C.ignored
D.noticed
提示：accept“接受”；receive “收到”；ignore“不理睬”；notice“注意到”。根据句意“我竭力劝他不要和她联系，可他总是不听”可知答案。
答案：C
5.calm adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的
vt.&vi.(使)平静;(使)镇定
【典型例句】
You should keep calm even in face of danger.
即使面临危险,你也应当保持镇静。
The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.
大风过后,大海又恢复了平静。
Have a brandy and itll help to calm you (down).
来点儿白兰地，它能使你静下来。
【相关链接】
(1)calm构成的短语:
calm down使平息,使平静
Keep calm!安静!保持镇静!
the calm before the storm暴风雨前的平静
(2)calm/quiet/still/silent的区别:
calm常指天气平静、无风,海无浪,心境镇定,无忧虑,镇静自若,强调外表等。
quiet “静止的、宁静的,没有激动、烦恼、忧虑的”,强调没有扰乱,没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。例如:
Ask the children to make less noise and keep quiet.
让孩子们小点声,保持安静。
still “静止不动”“平静”,突出不发出动作。例如:
Please stand still while I am ready to take the photograph.
站着别动,我给你们照相。
silent “声音极小的、沉默的、寡言的”。例如:
John is a silent,thoughtful boy.
约翰是个不爱讲话,喜欢思考的孩子。
选词填空
calm/still/quiet/silent
(1)Although she was frightened,she answered with a__________voice.
(2)The house was__________because every-one was asleep.
(3)The roads are usually_________in the afternoon.
(4)After the storm it became_________again.
(5)It was very late and the night was__________.
(6)There was no wind and the trees were_________.
答案:(1)calm　(2)silent　(3)quiet　(4)calm(5)still　(6)still
单项填空
（7）The waters of the lake were so_______that it looked like glass.
A.silent　　　　　B.calm
C.still D.quiet
提示:silent强调“没有声音”;calm强调心情的平静或没有波动,因此符合题意;still强调没有走动,如stand still;quiet强调井然有序。
答案:B
6.concern vt 涉及;关系到
n.关心;关注;(利害)关系
【典型例句】
These problems concern all of us.
这些问题影响到我们每一个人。
He was concerned in the crime.
他与那起犯罪案件有牵连。
We’re rather concerned about fathers health.
我们相当担心父亲的健康。
We are not concerned with this accident.
我们与这次事故没有任何关系。
That’s no concern of mine.那不关我的事。
【相关链接】
(1)concern构成的习语:
as/so far as...be concerned 关于;至于;就……而言
be concerned about 关心
be concerned over sth.为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth.和某事有牵连
be concerned with牵涉到,与……有关；参与
everyday concerns 日常事务
have a concern in和……有利害关系
have no concern for毫不关心
have no concern with 和……毫无关系
it is no concern of mine 这不关我（你）的事
of much concern 很重要；很有关系
of no concern无关紧要；没有意义
(2)concerning prep. 关于
We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
我们读了关于天外来客的故事。
单项填空
(1)The speech which he made______the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
A.being concerned　B.be concerned
C.concerned D.concerning
提示:concerning在此句中是介词作定语,修饰speech。
答案:D
(2)_____I’m concerned,they have no way of keeping away from the danger.
A.As long as B.As far as
C.Just as D.Even if
提示:as far as...be concerned是固定短语,意为“就……而言”。
答案:B
翻译句子
(3)你最好不要介入这种事。
You’d better not_________such things.
(4)他做什么都不关我的事。 
What he does is_____________.
(5)她一生都从事于照料穷人的工作。
She has__________caring for the poor all her life.
答案:
(3)concern yourself in/with 
(4)no concern of mine
(5)been concerned in/with
7.pay for 付钱;支付;付出代价;受惩罚
【典型例句】
I paid ￡1000 for this house.
我买这所房子花了一千英镑。 
I’m quite able to pay for this suit.
这套衣服的钱我完全付得起。 
He will have to pay for this foolish behaviour.
他将要为这种愚蠢行为而受到惩罚。 
【知识小结】
pay后面接要付的钱数或表示代价的名词;for后面接表示目的性的名词作宾语。
【相关链接】
pay back 偿还;报复
pay off 还清(债务);得到回报;成功
pay out 花费;支出
介副词填空
(1)How can I pay you_______for all your kindness?
(2)You will pay_________your dishonesty.
(3)They have paid_________a lot on repairing that house.
(4)Can you lend me some money—I can pay you___________tomorrow.
(5)After all these years,weve at last paid all our debts.
(6)Our plan certainly paid_________,it was a great idea.
答案:(1)back　(2)for　(3)out　(4)back(5)off　(6)off
8.should have done sth.本来该做某事
【典型例句】
You should have kept the matches under lock and key.
你本应该把火柴保管好的。
The flowers have died.I should have watered them often.
这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给他们浇水的。(其实没浇水)
【知识小结】
叙述现在或将来应该做某事时,用“should+do”;叙述过去的情况,表示“本来应该做而实际上没有做的事情”,用should have done sth.形式。
【相关链接】
(1)ought to have done sth.=should have done sth.本来应该做某事,而实际上没有完成。例如：
You ought to have told me of the bad news earlier.
你应该及早告诉我这个坏消息。
(2)should和ought to还可用来表示推断,意为“想必；应当”。例如：
They should be home by now.
他们现在应当已经到家了。 
There’s a fine sunset;it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。
(3)should还可表示说话者的惊奇,意为“竟然”。例如:
It’s strange that she should have cheated in the exam.
她竟然在考试中作弊真是奇怪。
单词填空
(1)Oh,I am not feeling well in the stomach.I______so much fried chicken just now.
A.shouldn’t eat
B.mustn’t have eaten
C.shouldn’t have eaten 
D.mustn’t eat 
答案:C
(2)I was really anxious about you.You______home without a word.
A.mustn’t leave
B.shouldn’t have left
C.couldn’t have left
D.needn’t leave 
提示:句意:你不应该一句话没说就离开家。含有责备的意思,做了不应该做的事情。
答案:B
(3)We were all surprised that Tom______have got the highest mark in the maths test.
A.could　　　　　B.should
C.might D.would
提示:should 在此句中表示说话者感到惊奇。
答案:B
9.share vt.分享;均分;分担
n.一份;份额
【典型例句】
The money was shared out between them.
这笔钱由他们两人分。
Can I share the room with you tonight?
今晚我可不可以与你同住一个房间？
We shared in his joy.我们分享了他的喜悦。
I have done my share of the work.
我已经做了我分内的工作。
【相关链接】
share构成的短语:
share out （among/between）分配
have/take a (one’s) share 分担; 参加
share...with...与……共享/共用/共同承担
share in 共同承担/共享
单项填空
(1)—Can you do a bit for the plan?
—Sorry,I’ve no time_____and I can’t______the cost of it.
A.spare;share　　 B.to spare;share 
C.share;spare D.to share;spare
提示:spare表示“抽出(时间、金钱)”;第二个空用share意为“分担”。
答案:B
(2)Every one of us agrees to take a______in the rent.
A.money B.share
C.part D.pay
提示:句意:我们每个人都同意共同承担租金。share在此句中是名词,意为“一份”。
答案:B
10.go through 经历；经受；仔细检查；用完；被通过；参加；搜查；履行
【典型例句】
I went through the students’ papers last night.
昨晚我仔细批阅了学生的作业。
You really don’t know what we went through while working on this project.
你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
【相关链接】
常用带go的短语：
go in for...爱好……
go with...与……调和
go on继续；发生
go out熄灭
go by经过
go ahead前进；好吧
go over走过去；仔细检查；复习
填空
(1)We shall have to__________________if we are to make a success of it.
(2)If you think you can solve the problem,_________________________.
(3)He________________and begged for mercy.
(4)The bomb____________________and killed ten people.
(5)A lot of students__________________playing basketball,football or volleyball.
(6)How did you_____________________in your examination?
答案：(1)go all out
(2)go ahead
(3)went down on his knees
(4)went off
(5)go in for
(6)go on
11.set down 放下；写下；记下
【典型例句】
It is unnecessary to set down everything your teacher told in the class.
没有必要把老师在课上说的所有内容都记下来。
The bus stopped to set down an old lady.
公共汽车停下来让一位老妇人下车。
【相关链接】
常用带set的短语：
set up建立；创立；树立
set out to do/set about doing sth.开始/着手做某事
set off/out for/to a place 出发去某地
set off出发；使爆炸；引起
set aside/by 保留，贮存……
set sb.free 释放某人
set fire to点火
填空
(1)I still remembered the day when the enemy came and______________all the houses.
(2)That evening he______________writing the report.
(3)We’ll_____________for Shanghai some day next week.
(4)The prisoners were______________.
(5)The first TV station was_____________in Beijing in 1958.
答案：(1)set fire to
(2)set about
(3)set out/off
(4)set free
(5)set up
12.could have done sth. 本来能够做某事;可能做了某事
【典型例句】
You could have finished the work in time.
你本来能够按时完成工作的。
He couldn’t have been so careless.
他不可能那么粗心。
【相关链接】
情态动词+have done sth.
(1)“may(might) have+done sth.”“can (could) have+done sth.”,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。要注意,can have done只能用在疑问句和否定句中。例如：
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
菲利浦可能在那次交通事故中受了重伤。
(2)“must have done sth.”表示对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思。例如：
—Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.
琳达已上班了,但她的自行车仍然在这儿。
—She must have gone by bus.
她肯定是坐公共汽车去的。
要注意：must have have done的否定形式是can’t have done。
(3)ought to have done sth.,should have done sth. 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定式表示“不该做某事而做了”。例如：
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.
他本不该扔掉这些旧衣服。(事实上已扔了)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
(4)needn’t have done sth.本没必要做某事。例如：
It is warm today.You needn’t have worn your coat.
今天天气暖和,你本来不必穿大衣的。
单项填空
(1)—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh,did you?You________with Barbara.
A.could have stay　
B.could stay
C.would stay
D.must have stay
提示:could have 是对过去事实的虚拟,表达了与过去事实相反的情况。
答案:A
(2)Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion,otherwise she something she would regret later.
A.had said　　　 B.said
C.might say D.might have said 
提示:只有D项能表达该做而没做的虚拟语气。
答案:D
(3)—I rang your home yesterday.A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice.
—Oh,it my brother,Peter.
A.must be B.must have been
C.can