经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习(含答案).docx

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定语从句（一）关系代词The Attributive Clause---- Relative Pronoun
一、 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。
二、关系词
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
三、关系代词

代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom/who
which
that
定语
whose
whose

1. that的用法
that既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who, whom互换，指物时有时可与which互换。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。
①His father works in a factory that/which makes car. 他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。
作主语，指物
②The lady (that/who/whom) I want to visit taught me French at that time.我要去 拜访的那位女士那个时候教我法语。
作宾语，指人
③The school that/which we visited yesterday is a good one.我们昨天参观的学校是所好学校。
作宾语，指物
2. which的用法
which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略（放在介词后除外）。Which也可以指代这个主句。
①A dictionary is a book which/that gives the meaning of words. 字典就是讲解单词意思的书
作主语
②Here is the book (which/that) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 这就是老师昨天说得那本书
作宾语
③The sun heats the sun, which makes it possible for man to live.太阳给地球热量，这使得人类能够生存。
代替整个主句

3. who/whom的用法
Whom在从句中用作宾语，现在仅用于正式文体。用who代替whom在从句中做宾语，主语用于口语。如：
①The gentleman whom Rose encountered addressed her with courtesy.
罗斯遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。（正式文体）
②The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（非正式文体）

在口语中，who, whom, which在从句中做动词宾语时，常常省去。如：
①I don’t like people who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢光说不练的人。

作主语
②Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口遇见的那个年轻人吗？
作宾语
③He didn’t become the person who his father wanted him to be.他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。
作表语
注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替。
I have many friends to whom I will send postcards. 我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。

4. whose的用法
whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。
①The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 这个女孩学习很努力，她的父亲是教师。
指人
②We have English classes in the classroom whose door is broken.我们在那个门坏了的教室上英语课。
指物

四、限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1. 限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。如：①He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.
②Here is the boy who damaged the glass.
2. 非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。如：
①The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.
②Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.
③Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade centers.
【注意】：
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导
①She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.

which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情
①Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.
②He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.  

五、关系代词的省略
引导限制性宾语从句的关系代词在作宾语、表语时可以省略，但作主语和引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词不可省略。
①I have been the city twice（which/that）you just visited.你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。
②After 10 years, John is not the naughty boy(who/that) he used to be.10年后，约翰已经不是当年那个淘气的男孩了。

练一练

A. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：
主句：______ 定语从句：（） 先行词：先行词关系词：that
例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).
1. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.
2. Have you bought the book which we talked about?
3. I still remember the day which we spent together last week.
4. He still lives in the house whose windows face south.
5. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.
6. The girl who you met was John’s sister.
B．填入适当的关系词
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emmy was wearing the new dress ________ I gave her.
3. The man ________ leg was broken in a match was a football player.
4. Kevin is reading a book ________ is too difficult for him.
5. The family ________ I’m staying with lives in the country.
6. I know the student ________ book was published.
7. Betty, ________ has never been abroad, is studying English hard.
8. My parents live in a house ________ is more than 100 years old.
9. The boy with ________ John spoke is my brother.
10. Shanghai is the city ________ I visited last summer.
1 who 2 which/that / 3 whose 4 which/that 5 that/省略
6 whose 7 who 8 which / that 9 whom 10 that /which /省略

C．单项选择
1. Who is the man ________ is reading a book over there? （杭州）
A. that B. whose C. which D. what
2. The man ________ is talking with my teacher is Tom’s father. （四川眉山）
A. who B.whom C. whose D. which
3. Li Mei is the student ________ handwriting is the best in our class.（贵州铜仁）
A. whose B. whom C. who D.that
4. The people ________ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing.（四川德阳）
A. which B. whom C. who
5. There will be a stamp show in the museum ________ we visited last week. （嘉兴、舟山）
A. who B. when C. which D.what
6. Peter likes music ________ is very loud and energetic. （山东临沂）
A. that B. who C. whom D. /
7. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. （扬州）
A. what B. who C. that D. /
8. —Who is your new head teacher this semester?（黄冈）
—The woman ________ is wearing a red skirt.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
9. —Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there? （湖北襄阳）
—Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
10. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year. （湖北十堰）
A. who B. where C. when D. which
11. —What are you looking for? （长沙）
—I’m looking for the book ________ you lent me yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whose
12. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had with your dad yesterday. （河南）
A. what B. which C. when D. who
1---5 AAACC 6---10 ACBDA 11---12 AB

定语从句（二）关系副词The Attributive Clause--- Relative Adverb

一、关系副词
关系副词在句子中作状语。常用的关系副词有where, when, why, that等。
关系副词
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语

二、关系副词的用法
Ø when的用法
when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time, day, morning, night, week, year等。
①I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. 我永远也不会忘记来北京的第一天。
②He came at a time when we needed help. 他在我们需要帮助的时候来了。
Ø where的用法
where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place, factory, street, house, room, city, town, country, village, school等。
①This is the house where I was born. 这就是我出生的房子。
②The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 他父亲工作的那家工厂在城市的东边。
Ø why的用法
why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason。
①Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没有人知道他为什么总是迟到。
②Who can tell me the reason why the train was delayed? 谁能告诉我火车延误的原因？

引导定语从句的关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，并且在从句中分别做时间、地点和原因状语，关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”结构。如：
①I shall never forget the day when we first met. 我永远忘不了我们第一次相遇的那一天。
= I shall never forget the day on which we first met.
②Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我出生的地方。
= Beijing is the place in which I was born.
③Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们的理由吗？
= Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
由此可见：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which
where = in (at, on…) + which
why = for which

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
Ø 介词+which
此结构相当于一个关系副词，介词的选用由which所代替的名词在构成介词短语时与介词的固定搭配所决定。
①We don’t know the time when/at which the meeting will begin.
我们不知道会议开始的时间。（at the time → at which= when）
②This is the house where/in which he was born.
这是他出生的那间房子。（in the house → in which=where）
Ø 介词+whom
当关系代词代替的是人而不是物，并在定语从句中作介词宾语时，要用whom。
①The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. 
=The man who you talked with just now is our manager.
你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。
②This is the hero of whom we are proud.
= This is the hero who/whom/that we are proud of. 这就是我们引以为荣的英雄。
Ø 名词/代词+介词+关系代词
①I bought a dozen eggs, half of which were broken when I got home.
我买了一打鸡蛋，当我到家时，碎了一半。

练一练

A．填入适当的关系词
1. Shanghai is the place ________ I went last summer.
2. The reason ________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the driving test.
3. I remember the day ________ my dog died.
4. I will go back to the city ________ I grow up.
5. Sep. 1st is the day ________ the school starts.
6. The factory ________ my father works makes telephones.
7. This is the room ________ she does her homework every day.
8. We went to visit the house ________ the great writer was born.
9. I will never forget the day ________ we first met.
10. Please tell me the reason _______ you were late again.
Key:
1. where 2. why 3 .when/on which 4. where 5 .when
6 .where 7 .where 8 .where 9 .when 10. why

B. 分别用关系副词、介词+关系代词填空
1. The library __________ __________ I often borrow books is not far from here.
The library __________ I often borrow books is not far from here.
2. Is this the bus __________ __________ you left your umbrella?
Is this the bus __________ you left your umbrella?
3. October 1, 1949 was the day __________ __________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
October 1, 1949 was the day __________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
4. Children are looking forward to the holidays __________ __________ they can play together.
Children are looking forward to the holidays __________ they can play together.
5. Who knows the reason __________ __________ the girl is crying?
Who knows the reason __________ the girl is crying?
6. The reason __________ __________ the flowers are dead is too much water.
The reason __________ the flowers are dead is too much water.
Key:
1. from which; where 2. on which; where 3. on which; when
4. in which; when 5. for which; why 6. for which; why

C．单项选择
1. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
3. Is this the plane ________ he came to New York?
A. which B. by which C. that D. in which
4. This is the school ________ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
5. —What do you usually do in your leisure time?
—I enjoy reading in the library ________ I lose myself in a world of good books.
A. which B. that C. where
6. I can’t forget the time ________ the earthquake happened in Yushu.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
7. I still remember the park ________ we first met.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
8. The old man has two sons, ________ are lawyers.
A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they
9. He is a man of great knowledge, ________ much can be learned. 
A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom
10. He has left Beijing, ________ a meeting is to be held.
A. when B. where C. as D. which
Key: 1---5 BDDAC 6---10 ACCCB

D. 自我挑战
1. I’ll give you my friend’s home address, ________ I can be reached most evenings. （北京）
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
2. All the neighbor admire this family, _____ the parents are treating their child like a friend. （安徽）
A. why B. where C. which D. that
3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （重庆）
A. why B. what C. that D. where
4. —What do you think of teaching?
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. （北京）
A. where B. which C. when D. that
5. Sales director is a position____ communication ability is just as important as sales ability. （重庆）
A. which B. that C. when D. where
6. We live in an age _______ more information is available with great ease than ever before. （浙江）
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
Key: 1---6 DBDADB
定语从句（三）定语从句的难点The Attributive Clause

一、 只能使用that，不用which, who 的情况
1. 当先行词是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时；
①All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。
②I didn’t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
我不是指这个，我是指昨天买的那个。
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, few, just等词修饰时；
①There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome. 没有我们克服不了的困难。
②I’ve read all the books that can be borrowed here. 我已经读完了这里能借的所有书。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时；
①This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese. 这是我用日语写得第一封信。
②She is the most careful girl that I’ve ever known. 她是我认识的最认真的女孩。
③He was the first that gave us some useful advice. 他是第一个给我们一些有用建议的人。
4. 当先行词既有人又有物时；
①They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
他们谈论了他们见过的老师和学校。
②The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.
演讲者提到的一些作者和作品我们都不知道。
5. 当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时；
①Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop? 在车站等车的那个人是谁？
②Which is the car that overtook us yesterday? 昨天超过我们的是哪辆车？
6. 当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。如：
①There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
②There are two tickets of the film that are for you.

二、只能用which，不用that 的情况：
1. 在非限制性定语从中。如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。
2. 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
他考虑的这件事非常重要。
3. 先行词本身是that时。如：
I don’t like that which he did. 我不喜欢他做的那件事。

三、只用who不用that的情况
1. 先行词是指人的不定代词，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, those等；
①One who does not work hard will never succeed.
②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
③She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.
④Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
2. 在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时；
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
3. 当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行词都为人时；
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
4. 当指人的先行词被一些指物的名词修饰时；
There’s only one student in the school who I want to see.
Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?
5. 在非限制性定语从句中指人
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.

练一练

A. 单项选择
1. The radio set ________ last week has been out of order.
A. I bought B. I bought it  C. which I bought it  D. what I bought
2. All the apples ________ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. 
A. which B. / C. that  D. they
3. I can tell you ________ he told me last week. 
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that
4. This is the biggest lab ________ we have ever built in our university.
A. which B. what  C. that D. where
5. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. what
6. Air, ________ we breathe every day, is around us all the time. 
A. that B. / C. it D. which
7. This is the museum ________ we saw an exhibition the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
8. This is the museum ________ you saw the other day.
A. that B. where C. in which D