全国中学生英语能力竞赛短文改错题技巧点拨与强化训练试题.doc

全国中学生英语能力竞赛改错题技巧点拨及强化训练试题
为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所分析，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。我从语法与逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。
短文改错口诀：
句子成分多分析，
动词形态，名词数，
　 认清是形还是副；
　　 非谓动词细辨别，
　 　 习惯用法短语要牢记住；
　 逻辑错误须关注。
下面让我们熟悉一下短文改错的设错规律：错误类型包括缺词、多词与错词。其中1行正确，9行需要改正。
正确
1
1
1
1
多一词
2
1
2
1
缺一词
2
2
1
1
错一词
5
6
6
7
难度系数
0.44
0.42
0.47
0.46
短文改错常见错误类型
1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点与热点 常见动词错误类型有
① 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； ② and 前后动词时态不一致;
③ 主谓不一致; ④ 缺少动词,特别是be动词;
⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥ 主动语态与被动语态错用。
1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于 ①）
2） As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
(visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于②)
3） There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于④)
4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ③ 主谓不一致)
2. 名词的常见错误
单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。
① I’ll get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects）
② Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words）
3. 连词错误
连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等
（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ）
① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose)
② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.
(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and)
4. 冠词错误
误用a与an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 与the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方）
多余的冠词或则少冠词。
① We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the the same 是固定搭配)
② As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.
（mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ）
5. 形容词与副词错误
1) 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）
2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词，形容词与副词，过去分词用副词
① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
（time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰）
② My pronunciation was terribly.
6. 代词错误
1）代词的主格与宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）
2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）
3）代词的单数与复数
4）多余的代词与少代词
① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself )
② One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it)
7. 非谓语动词的常见错误
1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。
2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），
3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。
4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk--talking)
② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going )
③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.
④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.
8. 介词错误
1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用
① There are too many people among my family.
（among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配）
② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at ）
短文改错解题思路与检查原则
1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；
2）谓语动词的时态、语态；
3）非谓语动词的用法；
4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
5）定冠词与不定冠词是否正确；
6）代词的格与性的使用是否有误；
7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；
8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则
1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则
4）以保持句子原意为原则
短文改错解题步骤
1）通读全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲3）反复通读，复查验证
解题注意要点与能力培养
① 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1126”等题型比例。正确1个，多一词1个，缺词2个，错词6个。
② 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。原文中每行改动只能改一词，答案也只能是一词。
③ 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写与拼写等问题
④ 如有两行都难以找到错误时，与其乱改一行，不如都打“√”以确保一行正确。
⑤ 从作文入手，提高自身语言运用素质
⑥ 合作学习，帮批帮改，提高识错、纠错能力
⑦ 精炼短文改错，抓好写、比、改三步
例题分析
Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who work 1.________
in the same office so they walked together to and from 2.________
office. Some day as they were walking home together it 3.________
sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 4.________
and said, "My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said 5.________
on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 6.________
umbrella with me." Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 7.________
"My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 8.________
carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 9.________
have with you." 10.________
首先 通读全文，掌握大意 此文讲述的是邻居Tom 与Dick 的故事。
1. 整句分析，逐行推敲
① 第二遍阅读后 容易改出的题有 1.2.4.6.10
② 然后先看前6项 第3项 翻译整句为：有一天当他们一起走路回家时天突然开始下雨了。
Some day 不能表示有一天，属于固定搭配中修饰词有误。
③ 第5项，由于对foresight的意思与用法不清楚，不能轻易改动。暂放一边。
③ 现在看7－10 项。第7项 翻译意思：Dick 笑了笑并且走向他（Tom），说到…..，翻译后很容易可以看出said前有一个逗号，and 连接的动词只有smiled 与 walked。说明此处有错。
④ 第8题，又出现了foresight。现在来比较第5项与第8项的两个句子。
1）My wife surely has foresight (预见) 我的妻子肯定地作出了预见 （Tom’s wife）
2）My wife has even great foresight。 我的妻子作出了更大的预见 (Dick’s wife)
比较两句后 可以判断这里的foresight不是一个动词而是一个不可数名词。可以判定great有错。并可以反推第5项应该没有错误。(Dick 的妻子说的话明显有比较的含义并且这样才能突出文章的幽默感)
⑤ 第9项理清句子结构后，可以看出有一词是多余的。
总结错误考查点有
1.名词单复数2.时态 3. 固定搭配 4。词性5.多余的介词与连接词 6.非谓语 7.形容词的比较级
8.少了代词。
题型比例 1个正确，缺词1个，多词2个，错词6个

练习题
短文改错（每小题1分）
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to talk the construction project which is 1. ____________
gone on in our city. Some agree that we should carry out 2. _____________
this construction project because they can solve some 3. _____________
traffic problems and make our life convenience and comfortable. 4. _____________
And others are against it. They think the project may 5. _____________
cause air pollution. They also believed the noise produced 6. _____________
by the project disturb people’s peaceful life. Personally, I think 7. ____________
the construction project will certainly do a lot of good for the 8. ____________
city and the people. If we focus our attentions on the 9. _____________
environment, all of us will live a better life in the future. 10. ____________
Yours truly,
Li Hua

1. talk后加about 2. gone → going 3. they → it 4. convenience → convenient
5. And → But 6. believed → believe 7. disturb前加will或disturb → disturbs
8. for → to 9. attentions → attention 10. √

On one summer night, Henry was sleeping in his room 1._______
when suddenly he woke up and sensed that something 2._______
unusual. He looked out of the window and finding a 3.________
store nearby on the street was in fire. He immediately 4._______
shouts at the top of his voice “Fire! Fire! Help!” He 5. _______
phoned 119 at once and then went out to put out fire. 6. _______
but it was very big a fire that he couldn’t put it out 7. _______
by himself. Lucky enough, a lot of neighbours came out 8. _______
and soon firefighters arrived. The fire was finally put out 9. _______
and when the firefighters praised Henry his quick ation, 10. _______
he smiled, feeling very pleased.

1． 去掉on。在某一个夏日的夜晚表达为 one summer night，前不用介词。
2． 去掉that. that 后加一个句子。 3． finding改为found。因为与looked 并列。
4． in改为 on. be on fire 意思是“在着火” 5． shouts 改为 shouted。时态一致。
6． fire前加 the. 特指上文出现的火灾。 7． very 改为 so 意为“如此---以至于---”
8． lucky改为luckily 作状语，用副词形式 9． 正确
10． his后加for praise sb. for意为因为某事表扬某人

I went out to see a film with my brother after
Supper. On our way to the cinema, we meet an American 1. _______
girl named Alice. She had got lost and looked very　　 2. _______
anxious. We went up to see that was the matter, we　　3. _______
then took him to the hotel. While going there　　　　　4. _______
told her the great changes that had been taken place　 5. _______
in our country in the past few years and Alice told　　 6. _______
us a lot about youth in America　　　　　　　　　　7. _______
　 Although we missed the film, but we felt very happy 8. _______
for we had not only helped Alice get out of troubles　　9. _______
also knew something abut the States We see English
can strength understanding and friendship　　　　　　　 10. _______
1．meet→met 2．she →who 3．that →what 4．him→her 5．去掉been
6．√ 7．youth前加the 8．去掉but 9．troubles→trouble 10．strength→ strengthen

I was a honest child indeed. I didn’t dare to tell lies. 1.
because of my eyes often let the secret out. I remembered 2.
telling a lie to my parents, and I could hard fix my eyes on 3.
my father’s face, to let alone my mother’s eyes. I glanced 4.
here and there, up and down, nervously. 5.
However, after I came to Beijing, I no longer have to 6.
worry my nervous eyes because everything I wanted to say 7.
was sent by letter. I found myself often tell small lies. I wrote 8.
“I’m well in Beijing. I enjoy the food selling at the university. 9.
And at the weekends, I often buy fried chickens or pork to eat.”10.

1.a honest child改为an honest child 2.because of改为because 3.hard改为hardly
4.To let改为let 5.√ 6.have to 改为had to 7.worry改为worry about
8.tell改为telling 9.selling改为sold 10.chickens改为chicken