小学六年级英语语法详解与练习(全)-.docx

小学六年级上下册英语语法
动词时态
一般现在时态：
用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
构成：
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：
　 I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：
　 We study English.我们学习英语。
　当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句：
1. be动词的变化。
　否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。
　如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。
　如：-Are you a student?
　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
　否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：
　I don't like bread.
　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：
　He doesn't often play.
　一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：
　- Do you often play football?
　- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
　- Does she go to work by bike?
　- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?

一般现在时练习
1. We often___________(play) in the playground.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning？
4. What (do) he usually (do) after school?
5. Danny (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.
6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9. How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Monday?
10. What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework?
改句子
1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)

2. I have many books. （改为否定句）

3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）

4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）

5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）

6. David has a goal. （改为一般疑问句）

7. We have four lessons.（否定句）

8. Nancy doesn’t run fast （肯定句）

9. My dog runs fast. （改为一般疑问句）

否定句：
10. Mike has two letters for him.
一般疑问句：

否定句：
I usually play football on Friday afternoon.
一般疑问句：

否定句：

②现在进行时 表示现在正在发生的事情。
结构:be +doing(现在分词)
现在分词的构成：
时间状语标志：now, look, listen
动词的ing形式有如下方法：
A. 在动词后直接加ing: go-going , wash-washing,fly—flying
B. 以单个元音+单个辅音+e结尾 ， 去掉e加ing,如 ：drive—driving, ride--riding
C. 某些单词要双写词尾的字母：swim- swimming run—running
get--getting
练习：
1．Mr Zheng (read) a book now.
2. The rabbits (jump) now.
3.. Look ! Tom and John (swim).
4. My brother (make) a kite in his room now.
5. Look! The bus (stop).
6. We (have) an English class now.
7. Listen! Someone is (come).
8. They (catch) butterflies now.
9. He (do) an experiment now.
10. They (collect) stamps now.
11. Look! He (dive) now.
12. Tom ( watch ) TV in the dining room.
13. The doctors (get ) off the bus.
14. Come on. They ( leave ) now.
15. It (eat) fish now.
16. My father (work) in the office now.
17. Where is your mother?
She (answer) the phone.
18. The teachers (run) now

③一般将来时 :
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do；
②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1.      问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2.      问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this   
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3.     问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
六、同义句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习：填空。
1.  我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.  下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3.        你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4.        你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5.        Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6.        I’ll go and join them.（改否定）
I _______ go ______ join them.
7.        I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8.        We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9.        She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10.        My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
11.        Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12.        My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13.        Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14.        What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
15.        It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16.        What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17.        Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18.        Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19.        David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20.        I ________________ (plan) for my study now

④一般过去时态 :表示过去一段时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
概念：表示过去经常发生、反复发生的动作、行为，以及过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
When he was young,he ran fast.
I saw him in the park yesterday.
There were 2 birds on the tree just now.
She was short last year,but now she is tall.
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
She was not short last year.
They were not busy last week.
He did not go to work yesterday.
Tom did not watched TV last night.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
☆动词过去式规则变化
直接加“ed”：work→worked 以不发音的e结尾的加“d”：live→lived以辅音 字母+y结尾的，变y为i加“ed”：study→stuied
以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母加“ed”：stop→stopped
☆动词过去式不规则变化
do→did read→read sit→sat run→ran
have→had has→had is→was are→were
see→saw make→made go→went eat→ate

一般过去时的练习
I.用所给的动词的适当形式填空。
⒈He ___________(visit) the Great Wall last year.
2.We____________(have) a good time yesterday.
3.We often __________(go) to school by bus last year.
4.I __________(live)in the village when I was a child.
5.Mike__________(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.
6.Sam___________ (do) the housework yesterday.
7.________(do) you _________(enjoy) yourself yesterday?
8.________(do)you __________(play) the violin in the artroom yesterday?
9.. I __________ (eat) a big pizza yesterday.
10.There_________ (be) many sheep on the farm last year.
11. I _________ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
12. Her father __________ (read) a newspaper last night.
13. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we ___________ to the park. (go)
14. _________ you __________ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
15. _________ he __________ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he __________.
II.选择填空
( ) 1. She watered the flowers ________.
A tomorrow B sometimes C yesterday morning
( ) 2.What ____ Mike do last weekend ?
A do B does C did
( ) 3. I ___ my room last Sunday.
A cleaned B clean C am cleaning
( ) 5. _____ you _____ TV last night .
A Do, watch B Did, watch C Did, watched
( ) 6.---Did your father write an e-mail yesterday ？
A Yes, he did. B Yes, he does C No, he don’t
( ) 7.They _____ on a trip in February ,2007.
A are going B going C went
( ) 9. ____ he ____ football two days ago?
A Does , play B Did , played C Did , play

三．改错题(请改正每个句子中的一个错误)
　　1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________________________
　　2．He go to school by bus last week. ________________________________
　　3．He goes home at 6:00 last month. ________________________________
　　5．Did you saw him just now ?______________________________
　　8．He wait for you three hours ago. _________________________________
　　四、句型转换。
　　1. The children had a good time in the park.
　　否定句：_____________________________________
　　一般疑问句：_____________________________________
　　　2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.
　　否定句：_____________________________________
　　一般疑问句：_____________________________________
　　　4. I read an English book last week
　　否定句：_____________________________________
　　一般疑问句：_____________________________________
　　肯定/否定回答：____________________________________
　　　5. My brother was in the park just now.
　　否定句：_____________________________________
　　一般疑问句：_____________________________________
.简单句
陈述句 I’m a good teacher.
I’ve got a new sweater.
She’s got a brother.
疑问句 ( 1.)一般疑问句Do you often watch TV?
Have you got a new book?
（2.）特殊疑问句 who how many how much whose when
When did you come back?
What’s your name?
祈使句 (1.) Please sit down.
(2.) Let’s go to school.
感叹句 (1.) What a fine day!
(2. ) How fast he runs!

并列句 and ,but ,so
(1.). Hello, I’m Lingling and I’m from China.
（2). I like apples but Daming likes bananas.
there be 结构
结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词
(2) There are +复数名词
例：There is a cup on the desk.
There is some coffee in the cup.
There are some cups on the desk.
句型转换:
(1) 改成否定句：
There be句型的否定式，在be后加上not。some 改成 any
例：There are some pictures on the wall.
→ There aren't any pictures on the wall.
There are no pictures on the wall.
(2) 改成一般疑问句：
There be句型的一般疑问句变化，把be动词放到句首， 其它照抄，some改为any
肯定回答：Yes，there is. 或 Yes, there are.
否定回答：No, there isn’t. 或 No，there aren’t.
例：There is a bike behind the tree.
→ Is there a bike behind the tree?
肯定回答：Yes, there is. 否定回答：No, there isn’t.
There are some birds on the tree.
→ Are there any birds on the tree?
肯定回答：Yes, there are. 否定回答：No, there aren’t.
考点：“就近原则”
例：There is a cup on the desk.
There is a cup and two eggs on the desk.
There are two eggs and a cup on the desk.
【练习】
一、根据句意填空
1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk. 2. 钱包里有些钱。There ____ some money in the purse.
3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。______ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4. 我们学校有许多班。There _____ many _____ in our school.
5. 水里有一些鱼。There ______ ______ in the water.
二、选择填空
1．There ________ no tea in the cup．
A．is B．are C．has D．be
2．There is some ________ on the plate．
A．apple B．bread C．banana D．fish
4．There ________ some paper and a pen on the desk．
A．is B．are C．have D．has
5．There ________ not any water in the glass．
A．has B．is C．are
6. There isn't ________ paper in the box．
A．any B．some C．a D．an
7．There ________ some water in the bottle．
A．are B．is C．has D．have
8．How many ________ are there in your classroom？
A．desks B．desk C．chair D．door
9. There ___ any rice in the bowl.
A. are B. is C. isn’t D. aren’t
10. There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table.
A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much
11.There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some
12. Are there ________ pictures on the wall ? No , there aren’t ________ .
A .a