小学英语语法归类.doc

小学英语语法复习要点
一、名词
（1）可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。
（2）可数名词复数规则：
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet, tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
（3）不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。

练习
写出下列各词的复数
photo ____________ diary ____________ day_____________ dress _______________
thief ___________ yo-yo ___________ peach___________ juice________________
water ____________ rice______________ tea ______________ man____________
woman____________ banana ___________ bus___________ child ____________
foot _____________ sheep ____________ leaf(树叶) ________ dish ____________
knife _____________ pen____________ boy__________ baby___________
map _____________ city ____________ box __________ book ___________
class ____________ eye ____________ office ________ car____________
fox(狐狸) ___________ watch ____________ library ________ pear ___________
skirt ____________ shelf _____________ cinema __________ tomato _________
tooth ____________ wife____________ Englishman________ paper __________
milk___________ Frenchman ___________ postman __________ family __________
mouse __________ people (人们) __________ fish _________ brush ________
mango __________ Japanese ____________ sandwich __________
policeman____________ watermelon______________ Chinese_____________
strawberry ___________ match _________________ glass __________

二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
（1）一般现在时的功能：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
（2）一般现在时的构成：
1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。
如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
***注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。）
　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
***注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）
（3）一般现在时的变化：
1. be动词的变化。
肯定句：主语+be+其它。 如：He is a worker. 他是工人。
　　 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)
如：I am a student. -Are you a student?
　　　　 -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：My bike is under the tree.
Is your bike under the tree?
Where is your bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。
如：I like bread. I don't like bread.
&&&当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。
如：He ofter plays football.
　　 He doesn't often play football.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does）
如：I often play football.
　　 - Do you often play football?
　　- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。
如：She goes to school by bike.
　　- Does she go to school by bike?
　　- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：She goes to school by bike.
Does she go to school by bike?
How does she go to school?
（4） 动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
练习
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________do_________ teach_______
二、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.
14.Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao Shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy.
22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England?
24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. You, he and I ______ from China.
三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. David and Tom _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Mike _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today?
－ It’s Saturday.
四、按照要求改写句子
1. David watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
_______________________________________________________
____________________________
4. Helen likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. Jim comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
________________________________
10. Tom and David like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________
六、一般现在时翻译练习
1.我们每天七点钟上学。
We _______ ________ _________ at seven o’clock _________ ________.
2.教室有一些学生。
There _______ ________ _________ in the classroom.
3苏海英语说得很好。
Su Hai _______ ________ very _______.
4.高小姐教英语。
Miss Gao ________ ________.
5.我父亲起得很早。
My father _______ _______ early.
6.我们非常喜欢英语。
We _______ English _______ _______.
7.他常常步行去上学。
He usually _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
8.他努力学习英语。
He ________ ________ hard.
9.她学英语吗？
_______ she _______ _______?
10.他是做什么工作的？
_______ is his _______?
11.他不在家里做作业。
He ________ _______ _______ _________ at home.
12.我们星期天不去学。
We _______ _______ _______ _______ on Sundays.
13.他经常十点钟睡觉。
He often _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ .
14.有时我五点钟起床。
Sometimes, I _______ _______ _______ _______.
15.他们早上七点钟去上学。
They _______ _______ _______ at seven _______ ________ _________.
三、现在进行时
（1）．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（句中一般含有now, look, listen.）
（2）．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
（3）．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Tom is not reading books in his study .
（4）．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Is Tom reading books in his study ？
(5)．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+一般疑问句?
（注意：当划线部分包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首，原划线处应加上doing）
如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Is Tom reading books in his study ?
What is Tom doing in his study?
What is Tom reading in the studay?
Where is Tom reading books?
(6) 动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play_____________ run______________ swim _____________make______________
go______________ like____________ write_____________ _ski_____________
read_____________ have____________ sing _____________ dance___________
put______________ see____________ buy _____________ love____________
live___________ take______________ come _____________ get_____________
stop____________ sit _____________ begin____________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
______________________________________________________________
_____________________
_____________________
3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
四、现在进行时翻译练习
1.我正在读英语。
I ________ ___________ English.
2.他正在写字。
He ______ _________.
3.你正在唱歌吗？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。
_______ you ________? Yes, ______ ______ _________. / No, _______ _______ _________.
4.他(她)在听音乐吗？
________ he/she __________ _______ _________?
5.你正在干什么？ 我正在做作业。
_______ are you _______? I’m ______ _________ _____________.
6.看！杰克正在游泳。
Look, Jack _______ __________.
7.听！她正在唱歌。
Listen, she _______ ________.
8.现在我正在打扫房间。
I ________ ________ my ________ now.
9.你父亲在干什么？他正在看电视。
What ______ your father _______? He ______ _______ ______.
10.他正在打一封电子邮件吗？是的。
_______ he _________ _______ _________? Yes, ______ ________.
11.琳达经常在晚上做作业,但她今晚在看电视。
Linda often _______ her _________ in the evening. But she _____ _______ ______ this evening.
12.今天天气不错。瞧！他们正在草地上玩耍。
It is _______ today. Look, they ______ __________ on the _______.
13.我不能和你出去了.外面正下雨呢。
I _______ go out _____ _______. It _______ _________ outside.
14.现在我们正在吃晚餐。
We ______ __________ _________ now.
15.我的父母年岁越来越老了。
My parents are ________ _______ _______.
四、一般将来时
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do；如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.
②will+ do. 如：I will go swimming tomorrow.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.→ I am not going to go swimming tomorrow.
I will go swimming tomorrow. →I will not go swimming tomorrow.
四、一般疑问句： be动词或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.→ Are you going to go swimming tomorrow?
I will go swimming tomorrow. →Will you go swimming tomorrow?
五、对划线部分提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句?)
一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1、问人。Who 例如：I am going to school. Tom will go to school.
Are you going to school? Will Tom go to school?
Who’s going to school? Who will go to school?
2、问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.
Is your father going to watch a race with you this afternoon.？
What is your father going to do with you this afternoon？
My father will watch a race with me this afternoon.
Will your father watch a race with you this afternoon.？
What will your father do with you this afternoon？
3、问什么时候。When.例如：She is going to swim at nine. She will swim at nine.
Is she going to swim at nine？ Will she swim at nine？
When is she going to swim？ When will she swim?
六、同义句：be going to = will (be going to 常指客观情况，will 常指主观情况)
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
一、填空。
1．我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2．下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3．你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4．你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
二、改句子。
1. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
2. I’ll go and join them.（改否定）
I _______ go ______ join them.
3. I'm going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
4. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
5. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
6. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Today is a sunny day. We _________________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
2. My brother ______________________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
3. Tom often ____________(go) to school on foot. But today i