柑橘轮斑病症状、发病规律及47个柑橘品种的抗性测定.pdf
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1、DOI:10.13925/ki.gsxb.20220564柑橘轮斑病症状、发病规律及47个柑橘品种的抗性测定陈泉1,2,张文晶1,2,何锦辉3,徐嵩琳1,2,郭建伟4*(1重庆三峡农业科学院,重庆万州 404155;2重庆三峡学院生物与食品工程学院,重庆万州 400401;3重庆万州植物保护与果树技术推广站,重庆万州 404020;4中国科学院昆明植物研究所 山地未来研究中心,昆明 650201)摘要:【目的】调查重庆柑橘轮斑病田间症状、发病规律,探究47个柑橘品种对3个省份来源致病菌株的抗性差异。【方法】调查重庆万州柑橘轮斑病田间症状变化和不同情况果园发病时间、发病率及病情指数,采用分离自陕
2、西、湖北、重庆的3个菌株离体接种47个柑橘品种叶片,根据发病率和病斑平均直径评价不同柑橘品种的抗病性。【结果】柑橘轮斑病侵染叶片、枝梢、果实、叶(果)柄、花萼等部位。病斑由内而外为灰白色、棕褐色和深褐色,中央产生“轮纹状”排列的黑色子实体,外缘油渍状,不同柑橘品种和不同生育期叶片病斑有差异;此病12月为发病高峰,高海拔区、果园郁闭、树势弱、种植感病品种的果园发病早(12月3日),病情指数均大于其他果园;111月,平均高温、平均低温和极端低温越低,发病越重,而24月,以上3个气候因子值越高,发病加重;124月,雨日、空气湿度和降雨量值越大,发病越重;不同来源菌株对47个品种毒力差异显著(p0.0
3、5),YLSDP80毒力最强,CGDS2毒力中等,WZSS1毒力相对较弱。24个柑橘品种表现为抗病,尤力克柠檬表现感病,其余22个品种对3个省份的菌株抗性表现不一。【结论】田间症状及其发病规律为其诊断和防控奠定了理论基础。避免连片集中种植感病品种;引进22个抗性表现不一的品种接穗时应加强检疫;抗病的24个品种可以与感病的尤力克柠檬间作或者替代严重发病的尤力克柠檬。关键词:柑橘轮斑病;田间症状;发病规律;抗性测定中图分类号:S666 S436.66文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-9980(2023)08-1675-17收稿日期:2022-10-18接受日期:2023-01-14基金项目:重庆市
4、教委会科学技术研究项目(KJ202301289858551)资助;重庆市万州区科技计划项目(wzstc-20210211);国家自然科学基金(31860026);重庆三峡农业科学院青年人才项目(Sxnykxy2019001)作者简介:陈泉,女,高级农艺师,博士,主要从事植物病理学研究。Tel:023-58708179,E-mail:*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:18287314223,E-mail:果树学报2023,40(7):1675-1691Journal of Fruit ScienceSymptoms and occurrence regular
5、ity of citrus target spot in the field andthe resistance determination of 47 citrus varietiesCHEN Quan1,2,ZHANG Wenjing1,2,HE Jinhui3,XU Songlin1,2,GUO Jianwei4*(1Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wanzhou 404155,Chongqing,China;2College of Biology and Food Engi-neering,Chongqin
6、g Three Gorges University,Wanzhou 400401,Chongqing,China;3Plant Protection and Fruit Tree Technology Popu-larization Station in Wanzhou District of Chongqing City,Wanzhou 404020,Chongqing,China;4Center for Mountain Futures/KunmingInstitute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,
7、China)Abstract:【Objective】Citrus target spot has been discovered on Citrus unshiu and Fortunella margari-ta in Shaanxi Province,C.unshiu in Hubei Province,C.reticulata var.ponkan in Hunan Province,aswell as C.reticulata var.ponkan,C.limon var.eureka,C.meyerii var.meyer and C.sinensis var.ne-whall in
8、 Chongqing,which has seriously threatened the citrus production in China.Thus,the symptom-atic change and occurrence regularity of the target spot in Chongqing were investigated,and the resis-tance difference of the 47 varieties to 3 strains from C.unshiu in Shanxi,Hubei and C.limon var.eure-ka in C
9、hongqing were evaluated in this study.【Methods】The symptomatic changes of the target spoton C.limon var.eureka in Wanzhou,Chongqing were investigated by photography.The time of appear-ance of the typical target spot symptoms,and the incidence and disease index in various orchards underdifferent cond
10、itions were also investigated when the disease condition was stable.The leaves of the 47果树学报第40卷varieties were inoculated in vitro with the 3 strains.And the virulence of the 3 strains and the resistanceof the 47 varieties were analyzed and evaluated based on the incidence and average diameter of di
11、seasespots.【Results】After the Citrus trees were infected by Pseudofabraea citricarpar,the symptoms couldappeared on the leaves,branches,shoots,fruits,petioles,fruit stalk,and calyx,etc.At the early stage ofthe disease,the reddish brown spots formed on the leaves,and then they gradually expanded to d
12、arkbrown round lesions.The disease spots were scattered,and the multiple disease spots would connect toone large spot.The leaf spot was slightly concave,round,oval,fusiform or irregular,and the concaveand water stain were more obvious on the young tissues.One side or multiple sides of the lesion cou
13、ldproduce tail along the vein.The diameter of the disease spot was mostly 0.2-2.2 cm.The outer edge ofthe spot on the front of the leaf was oil stained,and then it became dark brown and reddish brown in-ward,and light white in the center.Most of the black dots(acervuli)were arranged in concentric ci
14、rcles,and there was no any conidiamata on some diseased leaves.Later,the black dots(acervuli)on the dis-eased leaves could falled off with the leaf abscission,which could be the main source of infection in thenext year.The disease spots on some perennial leaves were relatively small,and they could r
15、emain onthe leaf surface without perforation or expansion until conditions were suitable for infecting the otherleaves.There were also symptom differences on the leaves of the different Citrus varieties and differentgrowth stages.The incidence of the citrus target spot peaked from January to Februar
16、y,and the time ofappearance of the typical target spot symptoms was as early as December 3 in the high-altitude areas,the orchards in canopy,the weak trees and the orchards of susceptible varieties,of which the disease in-dex was higher than that of other orchards.From November to January,the lower
17、of the average maxi-mum temperature,the average low temperature,and the extreme low temperature were,the higher ofthe disease index was,while from February to April,the higher of the above three climate factors were,the higher of the disease index was.From December to April,with more rain days,high
18、relative humidi-ty and rainfall the disease index was higher.The different strains from the different sources had certainvirulence to the 47 varieties with significant difference.Overall,the virulence of YLSDP80 was thestrongest(the average diameter of the lesion was 6.40 mm),and that of CGDS2 was m
19、edium(the aver-age diameter of the lesion was 5.03 mm),but the incidence was the highest(85.75%).WZSS1 was rela-tively weak(the average diameter of the lesion was 4.52 mm),and the incidence was the lowest(66.94%).Among the47 varieties,24 varieties were resistant to the 3 strains,including Tarocco Bl
20、oodOrange No.9,Liduo Blood Orange,Fengwan Navel Orange,Cara cara Navel Orange,Jinxiang Orange,Fukumoto Navel Orange,Tarocco Blood Orange No.8,98-1 Long Leaf Orange,Sanhongyou Pomelo,Huangjinyou Pomelo,Dianjiang Laohongyou Pomelo,Liangpingyou Pomelo,Shatianyou Pomelo,Longduzaoxiangyou Pomelo,Chandler
21、 Pummelo,Daya mandarin,Orah,Aiyuan No.30,Satsuma man-darin No.1,Nankou,Shiranui,Kouzhumi,Hongj and Poncirus trifoliata Eureka lemon was suscepti-ble to the strains from three provinces at the same time,and the resistance of the other 22 varieties tothe strains from three provinces was different.【Con
22、clusion】Comparing with the black spot on citrus,the conidiomata on the diseased leaves of the citrus target spot were obviously arranged in concentriccircles,and the citrus target spot usually developed in mid December to March of the next year.Com-paring with the anthracnose,the diseased spots of t
23、he citrus target spot were smaller in size and more innumber,and the conidiomata were still black rather than those of the anthracnose were orange when therelative humidity were very high,which was benificial for distinguishing the citrus black spot,the an-thracnose and the target spot for the field
24、 worker of plant protection.The 24 varieties with resistance tothe 3 strains could be inter-cropped with the other 25 varieties to retard the spread of the disease.Key words:Citrus target spot;Field symptoms;Occurrence regularity;Resistance determination1676,等:柑橘品种的抗性测定第8期我国是世界柑橘重要起源中心、世界第一大柑橘生产国1-2
25、,栽培面积近 306.67 万 hm2,总产量约6000万t。2004年在陕西城固温州蜜柑(Citrus un-shiu Marcov.)及金橘Fortunella margarita(Lour.)Swingle 上 首 次 发 现 柑 橘 轮 斑 病(citrus targetspot)3-5,其病菌被鉴定为Cryptosporiopsis citricar-pa Zhu,Hyde&Li,后被重新鉴定为Pseudofabraeacitricarpar6。该病在冬末春初发病最重,患病的柑橘叶片每年冬春季提前脱落,枝干大量枯死,树势衰弱,严重时整株枯死,甚至毁园7-10,高温季节一般不发病。在万
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- 关 键 词:
- 柑橘 轮斑病 症状 发病 规律 47 品种 抗性 测定
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