初中英语句子成分.doc

初中英语句子成分
一. 主语( 句子说明的人或物 )
名词, 代词, 数词, 动名词, 不定式, 句子都可以做主语.
例: To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.
He likes reading storybooks.
What you said is very interesting.
One and four is five.
练习。找出下列句子的主语。
1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.
2. There is a bird flying in the sky.
3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
4. It is very difficult to do today’s homework without your help.
二．谓语（说明主语的动作，状态和特征）
谓语通常用动词充当
例：We study English.
He can speak Chinese.
They won’t finish reading the book.
His parents are teachers.
练习。选出下列句子的谓语。
1. I don’t like the picture on the wall.
2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
3. Do you usually go to school by bus?
4. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
5. What I want to tell you is this.
三．宾语
1）动作的承受者——动宾(
We often help him.
He likes to play basketball.
We enjoy listening to music.
She said that she felt sick.
I love China.
We need two.
2)介词后的名词，代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snakes?
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Look after him well.
3)双宾语——间宾（人）直宾（物）.
常接双宾语的动词：give, show, pass, send, tell, bring, teach, buy, get, leave…
(人前物后看清楚，换位要加for或to)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Mom bought me a nice scarf.
练习：指出句子的宾语
1. My brother didn’t do his homework last night.
2. How many new words did you learn last class?
3. People all over the world speak English.
4. My father bought me a new bike.
5. Please tell me a story.
6. Could you please pass Tom the pen?
7. You will find it useful after you leave school.
8. Mr. Smith is going to teach us chemistry next term.
四．表语（系动词之后，表主语的性质，状态和特征）
常见的系动词：be( is am are was were)
feel look sound taste smell seem
get turn become (变得) remain keep stay(保持)
练习。找出句子的表语。
1. The food tastes delicious.
2. Her voice sounds sweet.
3. The door remains open.
4. All the students kept quiet.
5. How can we keep healthy?
五．宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作，状态等）
例：We call him Little Tom.
We will make them happy.
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
练习：指出句子的宾语补足语
1. Don’t keep the lights burning.
2. Please make yourself at home.
3. I found smoking bad for health.
4. His father named him Jimmy.
5. The teacher asked us not to laugh at the disabled people.
6. She found it difficult to do the work.
7. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
8. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
六．定语（修饰或限制名词或代词的词，词组或句子）
例：He is a history teacher.
The man over there is my old friend.
You should do everything that I do.
There is something new in the newspaper.
练习。找定语
1. What is your last name?
2. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
3. He is our friend.
4. The woman with a baby in her arm is my sister.
5. There is nothing to do.
七．状语（用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子）表时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，方式等。
1. I will go there tomorrow.
2. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
3. The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
4. He studies hard to learn English well.
5. We go to school by bicycle.
6. We won’t go camping if it rains tomorrow.
7. Though he is young , he can do it well.
8. He didn’t study hard so that he failed the exam.
9. They love hamburgers very much.
句子结构。简单句的五种基本句型和There be 句型。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词。
She came.
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。
She likes English.
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语。
She is happy.
4. 主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
She gave John a book.
5. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾补。
She makes her mother angry.
6. There be + 主语 + 地点。
There is a chair in the middle of the room.
练习：分析下列句子成分。
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
3. He broke a piece of glass.
4. Grandma told me an interesting story.
5. He didn’t come.
6. The old man lives a lonely life.
7. There are so many people in the street.
8. Would you please pass me the cup?
9. Don’t get nervous.
10. She doesn’t feel well.
11. I think you should lie down and rest.
12. A driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.
13. It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others.
14. His water ran out.
15. She decided to try out for a volunteer.
16. I feel very lucky to have him.
汉译英
1. 你应当努力学习。

2. 五年前我住在北京。

3. 昨晚我写了一封信。

4. Jim还不会自己穿衣服。

5. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。

6. 她的工作是在老人院照看老人。

7. 布朗先生去年教我们德语。

8. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？

9. 他邀请我参加这个游戏。

10. 每天早晨我们都听见他大声朗读英语。

11. 我父母不让我晚上外出。

12. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和三名美术老师。

13. 下周学校将有一场足球比赛。

14. 我会给你发一张他的照片。

15. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。

16. 她正在听人家讲故事。

17. 这个村子过去有一口井。

18. 他把车票给列车员看。

19. 这个报告听起来很有意思。

20. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

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