高中英语总复习系列资料第二册 unit21-22.doc

高二英语复习教案（11）
（SB2-units21-22）
·一、单元考点提示
1.词汇
memory, marry, single, square, otherwise, perform, wedding, musical, generation, nowadays, passer-by, pattern, thought, gay, be familiar with, learn by heart, in praise of, earn one’s living, pass down, in praise of, pass on, at a time, cruel, eager, disturb, mental, fortune, arrival, prisoner, attend, in public, sentence…to death, a good deed, in peace, fall in love with, make sure of, suffer from, light a fire, let…in, call for help, be pleased at ,for no good reason
2.句型
(1)They usually write exact instructions on how the music is to be played.
(2)On festivals they used to act and sing in praise of heroes who lived long ago.
(3)This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema.
(4)Dr Manette had been put into prison so that he could keep silent over this matter.
(5)Although Lucy married Charles, Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness.
3.语法
（1）v.-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
（2）v.-ing形式作定语和状语
4.交际用语
(1)I think at the beginning we’d rather have…
(2)I’d rather have…to start.
(3)You must have been…
(4)She can’t have been…
(5)She may/might have done…
Ñ二、考点精析与拓展
1.whisper
whisper可用作名词或动词，意为“低语，私语”。如：whisper to sb.对某人耳语；whisper about sth./sb.小声议论某事/人；whisper sth. to sb.低声告诉某人某事；in a whisper低声地；It’s whishpered that…私下说……。
对比：say to sb.对某人说；speak to sb.和某人说话；talk to sb.和某人说话；explain to sb.对某人解释说；lie to sb.对某人撒谎说。
[应用]完成句子
①老师低声给孩子们讲了个故事。
The teacher_________ a story to the children./The teacher told the children a story ___________ ____________ _____________.
②有人私下说史密斯先生的生意在衰败。
________ _________ _________ that Mr Smith’s business is falling.
Key:①Whispered/in,a, whisper
②It,is, whispered
2.pass 短语归纳
pass sth.down把某物一代一代传下去；pass sth.on将某物传、交给某人；pass away逝世； pass by路过，忽视；pass sb. sth./pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人；pass the exam/test/law通过考试/测验/法律
注意：past是介词“过，经过”或名词“过去”；passed是pass的过去式和过去分词。如：
half past six六点半；in the past few years在过去的几年里；Two weeks passed.两周的时间过去了。He walked past the gate.他从大门口走过。
[应用]完成句子
①去年他母亲去世了。
His mother _________ __________ last year.
②这戒指是我家传来来的。
This ring_________ __________ _________ __________in my family.
③那本书你看完了给我。
__________the book_________ ________me when you’ve finished it.
④那个年轻人听到这个消息，由于震惊昏了过去。
When the young man heard the news. he________ _________with the shock.
Key:①passed, away ②has, been, passed, down
③Pass, on, to ④passed, out
3.perform, performance
perform 是动词“履行，表演”，而performance是名词“表演，演出”。如:perform a task/an operation/one’s duties/a play/a part做工作/做手术/尽责任/上演一出戏/演一个角色；perform to sb.对某人表演；give a performance演出；
对比：act/play a part扮演角色；put on a play上演一出戏
[应用]完成句子
①他们总是很耐心地做实验
They always________their experiments_________great patience.
②今晚演出什么戏？
What play_______ _______ _______tonight?
③这位歌唱家以前从未在北京演唱过。
The singer has never________in Beijing_______.
Key:①perform,with
②will,be,performed
③performed,before
4.be familiar with,be familiar to
be familiar with的主语是有生命的事，意为“某人对人、事熟悉”；be familiar to 的主语是无生命的事物，意为“某人/事为某人所熟悉”，对比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英语名称。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.苏州和杭州为许多外国人所熟悉。
I’m not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我对欧洲历史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to  还表示“精通、通晓”
如：French is as familiar to him as English.
他对法语就象对英语一样精通。
[应用] 一句多译
①这些事实是每个学生都熟悉的。
②她精通4种语言。
Key:
①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.
②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.
5.表示“宁愿、想要某人做某事”
下列句型均可表示“宁愿、想让某人作某事”：would like sb.to do sth.;would prefer sb.to do sth.;like sb.to do sth;want sb.to do sth.;would rather that sb.did sth.
对比：would like/love to do sth.喜欢、宁愿做某事；prefer to do sth.宁愿做；would rather do sth.宁愿做；would like/love not to do sth.不想做；would rather not do sth.宁愿不做……；prefer not to do sth.不想做；would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿做某事而不做某事；p11refer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不做某事。
[应用]
①一句多译
我想让我儿子学医。
②选择正确的答案
Little Jim should love_______to the theatre this evening.
(MET’92)
A.to be taken B.to take
C.being taken D.taking
Key:
① I would like my son to study medicine./I’d love my son to
study medicine,/ I would rather that my son studied medicine./ I like my son to study medicine./I want my son to study medicine./I would rather that my son studied medicine.
②A
6.earn, gain, win ,get
四个词均有“得到”之意，但earn指经过艰苦努力所得到的报偿，意为“赚得”；gain指作出很大努力而“获得”，所得东西常有一定价值；get是普通词，指不一定需要努力就能“得到”；win意为“赢得”，含有取胜一方具有优越条件而能克服障碍之意。这四个词有时可通用。
[应用]英译汉
①earn much money/a prize/one’s living
②gain a victory/experience/the first prize/ten dollars/a living/success/the battle/a doctor’s degree
③get one’s help/full marks
Key: ①挣得很多钱/获奖/谋生
②获胜/取得经验/获得一等奖/赚10美元/谋生/获得成功/赢得战斗/获博士学位
③得到某人的帮助/得满分
7.single, not a single
single是形容词，有“单一的，单个的，单身的，唯一的”意义；not a single表示“一个也没有”，起强调作用，位于句首时引起倒装。如：remain single尚未成婚；the single person唯一的人；a single bed/ticket/man/room单人床/单程票/独身男子/单人房间
He didn’t make a single mistake in the exam./Not a single mistake did he make in the exam.他在考试中没出一处错误。
[应用]汉译英
①今天上午这个商店里一个人也没有。
②他是能帮助我们的唯一的人。
Key: ①Not a single person has been in the shop this morning.
②He’s the single person that can help us.
8.in+名词+of
in praise of为……颂扬、歌颂；in honour of 为纪念，为了向某人表示敬意；in memory of为了怀念；in favour of赞同，支持；in place of 代替；in charge of负责；in search of寻找；in need of 需要。
注意：上述短语多用作表语、状语或定语。
[应用]完成句子，句意不变
①This is a book which sings high praise for pioneers.
This is a book ________ ________ ________ pioneers.
②They startd off at once to look for the missing girl.
They started off at once________ ______ _______the missing girl.
③We all agree to your plan.
We are all ______ ________ ______your plan.
④We usr plastics instead of wood or metal.
We use plastics_______ ________ ________ wood or metal.
Key:①in, praise, of ②in, search, of
③in, favour, of ④in, place, of
9.praise短语归纳
praise可用作名词或动词，均表示“赞扬，表扬”。如：sing high praise for高度赞扬；praise sb. for因……而赞扬其人；receive praise from sb.得到某人的称赞；win high praise受到高度赞扬；give praise to sb.表扬某人。
[应用]完成句子
①校长高度赞扬了他的勇敢行为。
The headmaster_________ _________ ________ ________his brave deed.
②他经常帮助别人，因而得到同学们的赞扬。
He often helps others, so he __________ __________ _________his classmates.
Key: ①sang, high, praise, for ②receives praise, from
10.one…the other, some…others
one…the other相当于one…one,表示两者中的“一个。另一个”；some…others表示许多中的“一些，另外一些”；some…the others表示“一些，其余所有的”。对比：
He has two companise. One is in China and the other is in the States.
他有两家公司，一家在中国，另一家在美国。
In winter, some birds will fly away, and others wills stay here.冬天，一些鸟飞走了，另外一些留了下来。
Some stamps are new, and the others are all ones.
有些邮票是新的，其余全是用过的。
[应用]选择正确答案。
①Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, but _______like to go to the cinema.(NMET’85)
A.another B.other C.others D.other one
②Of the three foreign guests, one is from London,_________two are from New York.(80年高考)
key:①C ②B
11.suffer
①用作及物动词，意为“遭受，蒙受，受到，忍受”。如：suffer loss/pain/punishment/defeat/wrong/hardship/discouragement/disappointment/unfair/treatment/hunger遭受损失/疼痛/遭到惩罚/遭到失败/受到冤枉/忍受艰难/失去勇气/灰心丧气/受到不公正对待/挨饿。
②用作不及物动词，意为“受痛苦、受损失，折磨，受惩罚”，与from搭配。如:suffer from headache/loss of memory/bad health患头疼/患有遗忘症/身体不好；suffer a lot from a strange illness因怪病吃了不少苦。
[应用]汉译英
①那个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。
②他们在战争中遭受了巨大痛苦。
Key: ①The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.
②They suffered a great deal in the war.
12.way(s)后的定语从句
修饰way(s)(方法，方式)的定语从句其关系词可以用in which,that也可省略关系词，但不能直接使用which.如：I feel angry about the way(that)he has treated me./I feel angry about the way in which he has treated me.我对他对待我的方式感到生气。
对比：He found a way that/which led to success.(way在从句中作主语) 他找到了一条通往成功的路。
[应用]单句改错
①I don’t like the way which you laugh at her.
②They didn’t to the experiment the way in that we do now.
key:①在which前加in或改which为that
②改that为which或去掉in
13.reason
for this/that reason因为这个/那个原因：for no good reason没有正当的理由；for a simple reason因为一个很简单的原因；for some political reasons因为政治原因；for the reason of health由于健康原因；give a reason提供理由。
注意：reason词后的表语从句用that引导，定语从句多用why引导，偶尔用which引导。
[应用]用适当的连词填空
①His reason for being late was________he missed the bus.
②The reason__________he didn’t come to school was that he was ill.
③The doctor gave reason________ couldn’t explain the failure of the operation.
Key :①that ②why ③which/that
14.disturb,interrupt
disturb有“打扰，扰乱，使（人）心神不宁”之意。如：disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the piblic peace 打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响；be disturbed about 对……感到不妥。
对比：interrupt 有“打断，打扰”之意，侧重打断。如：Don’t interrupt me while I’m busy.我忙的时候不要打扰我。
[应用]完成句子
①她获悉母亲得急病后感到心神不安。
She was________ ________ her mother’s sudden illness./She
was________ _______hear of her mother’s sudden illness./She was________ ________ the news of her mother’s sudden illness.
②不要打断那位演讲者，他讲完再问你的问题。
Don’t _________ the speaker;ask your question after the meeting.
Key:①disturbed, about/disturbed,to/disturbed, by
②interrupt
15.情态动词+不定式完成式
①must have done表示对过去事情的肯定猜测，只用在肯定句中，意
为“一定，想必”。如：I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.(MET’89)我没有听见电话玲声，我一定是睡着了。
②may/might have done表示对过去情况的推测，用于肯定句，含有“可能，或许”之意。如：He might have given you more help even though he was very busy.(MET’90)即使他很忙，他也可能更多地帮助你的。
③could have done表示与过去事实相反的推测，含有“本来可以”
之意。如：He could have finished the job, but he was very ill.他本来可以完成那项工作的，但病得太厉害了。
④can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去行为的否定推测，含有“不大可能，决不会”之意。如：I couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present.不送你一件礼物，我简直过不了圣诞节。
⑤should/ought to have done表示过去应该做而未做的动作，意为“本应该……”；shouldn’t /ought not to have done 表示“本不应该……”。两者均含批评，责备之意。如：Jenny should have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.(MET’91)珍妮本应该遵守诺言，我不知道她为什么改变了主意。
We shouldn’t have waited for her because she never came.(MET’88)我们本不应该等她，因为她是不会来的。
⑥needn’t have done表示一种不必要的过去行为，意为“本来不
必……”。如：You needn’t have gone there yesterday.你昨天就没有必要到那里去。
⑦would like/love to have done 表示过去希望做但未做的事，意为“本来想……”。如：We would like to have gone to see the film, but we had no time.我们本来很想去看那部电影，但没有时间。
⑧was/were to have done表示未完成的计划或安排，含有“本来打
算”之意。如：He was to have boutght a new camera.他本来想买一架新像机的。
[应用]选择正确答案
①I would love________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET’97)
A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone
②—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh, did you? You_________with Barbara.
A.could have stayed B.could stay
C.would stay D.must have stayed
③There was plenty of time,she_________.(MET’87)
A.mustn’t have hurried B.couldn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry D.needn’t have hurried
④Tom ought not to__________ me your secret, but he meant no harm.(MET’93)
A.have old B.tell C.be telling D.having told
⑤I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I __________ for her.(MET’94)
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
⑥—There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.
—It ________ a comfortable journey.(NMET’95)
A.can’t B.shouldn’t be
C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been
Key:①D ②A ③D ④A ⑤C ⑥D
16.say,speak, tell, talk
四个词均有“说”之意，但用法不同。
1）say:“说，说话”，着重于说的内容。可以引出直接或间接引语说出具体的话。如：say it in English用英语说；say to sb.对某人说；say sth. to sb.对某人说某事；say hello to sb.向某人问好；It’s said that…据说……；The radio says…广播中说……；The blackboard says…黑板上写着……；Today’s paper says…今天的报上说……； The book says…书上说……；That is to say.也就是说。注意：say 是及物动词，应带宾语。误：He didn’t say.正：He didn’t say it.
2)speak:“说，讲”，强调说的动作，一般用作不及物动词，指说语言时及物。如：speak in a low voice 小声说；speak louder大声说；speak to/with sb.和某人说话；speak of说到；speak about说到有关的；learn to speak学说话；speak on the radio/on TV做广播/电视讲话；speak at the meeting 在会上发言；speak English 说英语；strictly speaking严格说来。
3)tell“告诉，讲”，是及物动词，可接双宾语或复合宾语。如：tell sb.sth./tell sth.to sb.告诉某人某事；tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事；tell sb. of/about 给某人讲述；tell a lie/a story/the truth/the time/the difference撒谎/讲故事/讲实话/报时/说出区别；tell…from辨别，区分。
4)talk:“讨论，谈论”，指通过谈话交换思想、意见、消息，有“相互交谈”之意，是不及物动词。如：talk of/about谈论、议论；talk to/with sb.和某人交谈；have a talk with sb.和某人交谈。
[应用]选择正确答案
①—What did you think of her speech?
—She__________for one hour but didn’t _________much.
(NMET’95)
A.spoke, speak B.spoke, say
C.said, speak D.said, say
②I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s __________to be quite a good one.(NMET’94)
A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
③When my sister phoned me, I could not hear clearly what she was______.(82年高考)
A.speaking B.talking C.telling D.saying
④I can hardly_________the difference between these two words.(81年高考)
A.point B.speak C.talk D.tell
Key:①B ②A ③D ④D
17.at, with, through表原因
三个介词都可表示原因，at表示听到或看到的原因；with表示人体外部的原因；through 强调自身的原因。如：be sad at the news听了这个消息而悲伤；be frightened at the sight看了那个情景而害怕；jump up with joy高兴地跳了起来；turn red with anger气得脸红；shake with cold/fear冻得/害怕得发抖；with pleasure高兴地；with pride 骄傲地；with satisfaction满意地；make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出错；be put into prison through no fault of his own 没有任何罪过被关进监狱。
[应用]汉译英
①听到这个消息，全国人民处于悲哀之中。
②孩子们高兴地跳了起来。
③由于大意他犯了这个错误。
Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
②The children jumped up with joy.
③He made the mistake through his carelessness.
18.take up, take down
①take up arms/guns/knives/Japanese/too much room/the whole
day/the cry/the song拿起武器/拿起枪/拿起刀子/开始学日语/占太多的空间/占了整整一天的时间/喊起来/唱起来。
②take down the old picture /what he said取下旧画/记录下他说的话。
[应用]完成句子
①他20岁时开始写作。
He _________ _________ _________at the age of twenty.
②会议占了整个上午的时间。
The meeting_________ _________the whole morning.
Key:①took, up ,writing ②took, up
19.sentence 短语归纳
sentence用作名词或动词，有“宣判，判决”之意。如:pass sentence on sb.判某人的刑；announce sentence on sb.宣布对某人的判决；serve one’s sentence服刑；be sentenced to hard labour被判服苦役；be sentenced to six months in prisom被判处六个月监禁；be under the sentence of death/be sentenced to death被判处死刑；have sb. sentenced to death判某人死刑；sentence sb. to death判某人死刑；receive a sentence of two years 被判两年徒刑。
[应用]完成句子
①一个凶手被判三年徒刑，另一个被判处死刑。
One murderer was______ ______ three years in prison and the other was sentenced_______ _________ .
②那小偷被判5年监禁。
The thief_______a sentence _______ 5 years in prison.
Key:①sentenced, to, to, death ②received, of
a三、精典名题导解
题1 （NMET 2001）
The Parkers bought a new house but_________will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
分析：B。该题考查代词用法。做题的关键是弄清but引导的并列分句中作主语的代词究意是用来代表替前一个分句主语The Parkers还是宾语a new house.。由空白后will need a lot of work before they can move in 的语境可以确定，此空的代词是用来代替a new house。it和one 都可以代替前文提过的单数可数名词，以避免重复，但it表特定之物,one表泛指之物，故最佳答案为B。
题2 _________is good form of exercise for both