2021年江西省自考学位英语历年试题及参考答案解析.doc

11月江西省成人(自考)本科学士学位英语统一考试
试题及答案解析
【该试题附带答案详细解析及评分参照】

第一某些：阅读理解（共20题，40分考试时间为35分钟）

（一）
Long long ago people made fires from lightning(闪电)。 But they had to keep the fire burning，for they couldn’t start it again if there was no lightning. Later，they found out hitting two piece of stone together could make a spark (火花). The spark could fire dry leaves. In this way they could make the fire again if it went out. Them people also learned to make a fire by rubbing. They made a hole on a big piece of wood and put a smaller stick into the hole. They turned the stick again and again. After a few minutes they got a fire.
As years went by，people learned other ways to make a fire. Sometimes they used the heat from sun. they held a piece of glass in the right way and made a piece of paper on fire.
About two centuries ago，people began to make matches (火柴). Matches brought people a quick and easy way to make fire. Today matches are still being used，but people have more new ways to make fires. One of them is to use an electric fire starter. Of course an electric fire starter is much more expensive than a box of matches. But it is more useful.
1. A spark can _________.
A. fire any leaves
B. burn anything
C. burn dry leaves
D. keep fires burning
2. We can also get a fire by _________.
A. making a hole on a big piece of wood
B. putting a smaller stick into the hole
C. turning the stick hard for a while
D. doing all the above together
3. Matches have been used _________.
A. for about two thousand years
B. for about two hundred years
C. since people began to use fire for cooking
D. since people used the heat from the sun.
4. From this passage we know _______.
A. using matches is the easiest and most useful way to make fires
B. people don’t use matches any more since they had electric fire starters
C. today there are only two ways to make fires
D. some forest fires happen from lightning
5. Choose the right order of the ways to make fires people got to know _________.
a. with a match   b. from the sun   c. from lightning 
d. by rubbing   e. with an electric fire starter.
A. d，b，c，a，e
B. d，c，b，a，e
C. c，d，b，a，e
D. c，b，d，a ,e
答案及解析
1.【答案】C【解析】细节题。依照第四行The spark could fire dry leaves.阐明C对的。
2.【答案】D【解析】细节题。依照第一段最后三行判断They made a hole on a big piece of wood and
put a smaller stick into the hole. They turned the stick again and again.阐明ABC都是详细环节，D是最全面。
3.【答案】B【解析】细节题。依照最后一段第一句About two centuries ago,可知B对的。
4.【答案】D【解析】推理题。依照文章第一句Long long ago people made fires from lightning(闪电)。阐明有时候闪电会导致火，那么也有也许导致森林大火。故D对的、
5.【答案】C【解析】排序题。依照文章内容，人们先是通过闪电，接着摩擦生火，然后是通过阳光，日后是火柴，最后是an electric fire starter，故C对的。

（二）

As the pace of life continues to increase，we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for ahealthy mind and body.   
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact，it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress，and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities，others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress，in whatever form，we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme，but however little the stress，it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long，through continued exposure to stress，that health becomes endangered. Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could)，we need to find ways to deal with it.
6．People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because _____.
A．they regard working as their greatest enjoyment
B．they believe that work is superior to relaxation
C．they are traveling fast all the time
D．they are becoming busier with their work than ever before
7．According to the author，the most important character for a good manager is his _____.
A．strong will to hold out stress
B．knowing the art of relaxation
C．high sense of responsibility
D．having control over performance
8．Which of the following statements is TRUE，according to the passage? 
A．We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.
B．Stress is always harmful to people's health
C．It's easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D．Different people can bear different amount of stress.
9．In the last sentence of the passage，"do so" refers to _____.
A．"expose ourselves to stress"
B．"find ways to deal with stress"
C．"remove stress from our lives"
D．"establish links between diseases and stress"
10. According to the author，the right attitude toward stress is _____.
A. to avoid it                        
B. to try to deal with it 
C. to regard it as a vital motivation       
D. to find some relaxation  
答案及解析
6.【答案】D【解析】推断题。由第一段可推知，无法放松自己重要是比此前任何时候都要忙碌。
7.【答案】A【解析】推断题。由第三段第二句可推知，当好管理者优良品质是要具备坚强抵制压力意志。句中prime material意为“一流素质”。
8.【答案】D【解析】细节题。由第三段第一句可The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.可知。
9.【答案】C【解析】猜义题。由Since we can't remove stress from our lives…可知括号里内容是对前文解释。英语学习
10.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。故A对的。

（三）

What should you think about in trying to find your career?You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work .So it is important to do well at school. On the other hand，you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job，they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.  
Your school may have taught you skills，such as typing or technical drawing，which you can use in your work. You may be good at metal work or cookery(烹饪术)and look for a job where you can improve these skills.  
If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer，think what you gained from it. If nothing else，you may have learned how to get to work on time，to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop，for example. Just as important，you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.  
Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle(运用)tools；perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record，for instance，may not be too good，yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work..
11. Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?  
A. The importance of doing well at school.
B. Using school performance to help to choose a career.
C. The importance of being good at all subjects.
D. The indirect value of schoolwork. 
12. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably _____.  
A. a waste of time that could have been spent on study
B. useful for his future work
C. a good way to earn extra money
D. a good way to find out his weak points 
13. According to the passage，if a student’s school record is not good，he ____.  
A. will be a complete failure in his future work
B. will not be able to find a suitable job
C. will regret not having worked harder at school
D. may do well in his future work 
14. Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting?  
A. Mathematics.
B. English.
C. Technical drawing.
D. History. 
15. The whole passage centers on ____.  
A. choosing a career according to what one is skilled in
B. acquiring knowledge by working hard at school
C. finding one’s strong and weak points
D. developing one’s abilities useful in school work 
答案及解析
11.【答案】B 【解析】段落大意题。文章第一段内容是关于学校中所学习内容对咱们职业选取是有协助。故B对的。
12.【答案】B【解析】推理题。依照文章第三段内容特别是最后2行Just as important，you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job。可知做兼职工作对咱们将来工作是非常有协助。
13.【答案】D【解析】推理题。依照文章最后一段可知在学校成绩不好，这样也可以暴露自己弱点，留给自己机会去改正，这样在将来工作中依然是有机会获得进步。
14.【答案】D【解析】细节题。第一段倒数3,4行Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs可知历史这一学科对于工作是没有直接影响，故D对的。
15.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。文章讲述是要依照自己所擅长技能来选取自己职业。故A对的。

（四）

American society is not nap (午睡)-friendly. In fact，says David Dinges，a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine，“There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep”. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb：“Some sleep five hours，nature requires seven，laziness nine and wickedness eleven.”
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,” says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University，the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt” which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness：people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports，President Clinton is trying to take a ha1f-hour snooze (瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid afternoon quiet phase,” also called “a secondary sleep gate.” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly，we were born to nap.
We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift.Rather，we “snack” on sleep，whenever，wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses，cars，planes and on boats；on floors and beds；and in libraries，offices and museums
16. It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is        
A. unreasonable
B. criminal
C. harmful
D. costly
17. The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans ________
A. don't like to take naps
B. are terribly worried about their national debt
C. sleep less than is good for them
D. have caused many industrial and traffic accidents
18. The purpose of this article is to        
A. warn us of the wickedness of napping
B. explain the danger of sleepiness
C. discuss the side effects of napping
D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping
19. The underlined phrase “American sleep debt” in Para. 3 is the result of        
A. the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep
B. the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration
C. the rapid development of American industry
D. the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness
20. The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is          
A. preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift
B. good practice to eat something light before we go to bed
C. essential to make up for cost sleep
D. natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it
答案及解析
16. 【答案】A【解析】推断题。由第一段，美国人不喜欢午睡，事实上，宾夕法尼亚大学医学院睡眠专家David Dinges说，“甚至有一种禁令不容许咱们需要睡眠。在工作时候，没有人乐意被发当前打瞌睡或在睡觉。引用一种谚语：有人睡5个小时，正常状况需7个小时，懒惰者需9个小时，堕落者需11个小时。由此可知，美国人以为过多失眠是不合理。并不是罪恶，有害，昂贵。故答案为A
17. 【答案】C【解析】推断题。美国人都普遍缺少睡眠，她们睡眠欠缺和国债同样不可小觑。可见，美国以为睡眠少对她们有益，这样可以做更多事情。故答案为C
18. 【答案】D【解析】主旨题。由第二段The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. We have to totally change our attitude toward napping。工作时不睡着办法是当你困时候就小睡一下，咱们必要完全变化咱们对于小睡态度。可知，本文意图是使读者结识到小睡必要性。故答案为D
19. 【答案】A【解析】细节题。由第一段可知，美国人不注重午睡，没有人想在工作时被发当前打盹或睡着了，尚有一句俗语来抨击午睡，可见是老式观念在误导着她们。故选A
20. 【答案】D【解析】推断题。由最后一段，睡觉是咱们一某些，无论何时，何地，我自己在公交车里，汽车，飞机，船上，在床上，图书馆，办公室，博物馆里都可以小睡。可知，本段是要告诉咱们无论何时，当咱们需要休息时候，就应当小睡一会。故答案为D

第二某些：词语用法和短语构造（共40题，20分考试时间为25分钟）
21. Having no money but _______to know，he simply said he would go without dinner．
A. not to want anyone
B. to want no one
C. wanted no one
D. not wanting anyone
【答案】D【解析】but先后句子要保持一致，故选D项。

22. Would you please ________ the radio a little?I'm doing my home work.
A. turn down B. turning down C. turn off D. turning off
【答案】A【解析】因后有a little表限度，因此只能是“调低”．

23. Dream of the Red Chamber is _____ worth _____ because we can learn a lot about the noble 
families in the feudal society.
A. very；reading B. well；to be read C. well；reading D. very；to be read
【答案】C【解析】考查固定构造。Sth be well worth doing 很值得做某事；用well 修饰worth,表达很，十分；

24. It’s no use _______ so much money on clothes．
A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent
答案C解析it’s no use doing sth．为固定构造,意为“……是没有用”。

25. I have two boys but ________ of them likes sweets．
A. both B. Neither C. either D. none
答案B解析句意：我有两个男孩，可是她们都不喜欢糖果。因而四个选项中，只有neither 和none有也许是答案。而none用来表达三个或三个以上人或物，而两个人或物时通惯用neither。

26．All the passengers ____ in the accident were sent to the nearby hospital in no time.
A．to find injured                                B．finding injured
C．to be found injured                         D．found injured
答案D解析。该题考查语法：非谓语。该句意为：所有事故中受伤乘客都被及时送往附近医院。
一方面要分析句子构造，该句主语是all the passengers，谓语是were sent to，空白处所要填词是用来修饰主语。主语all the passengers和选项中findinjured这一动词之间关系为被动——事故中乘客被发现受伤，因此在表达被动语态C和D中选；从表达过去时态谓语were sent to又可以发现该句描述是过去发生事，而C中to是一种表达将来动词不定式符号，因此选D。D中found是find过去分词，后置做定语，相称于一种从句that/who have been found injured。

27．The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours ____ it was brought under control.
A．after                B．before               C．since                 D．while
答案B解析。该题考查语法：时间状语从句。该句意为：大火在得到控制前持续了整整24个小时。
空白处先后皆为主谓完整句子，由此可见空白处所需为一种连词，而四个备选项皆可做连词，只但是语义以及主从时态略有区别。after在……之后，before在……之前，since自从……，while相称于when，当……。since引导时间状语从句，普通状况下，从句谓语动词用普通过去时，而主句谓语动词用当前完毕时，与该题时态不符，因此排除，别的三个选项依其语义来看，before最符合

28．In this workshop，the output of July was three times ____ of January.
A．that                  B．this                   C．one                   D．it
答案A解析。该题考查语法：英文倍数表达办法之一：the+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B。该句意为：这间工厂七月份产量是一月份三倍。

29．Seeing her father come back，____.
A．tears ran d