主谓一致(定稿).doc

高三语法复习主谓一致
编制人： 陈柳 审核人： 赵清林
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
1、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
① A student is studying English.
② Serving the people is my great happiness.
③ When we deliver the goods hasn't been decided.
④ When and where we will go hasn't been decided.
但当what引导的句子作主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。
① What you did is right.
② What you need are these dictionaries.
2、 复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式
① All the students are clever.
② They like English very much.
3、 用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
① Both my father and my mother are farmers.
② What I think and what I do have been fairly in disagreement.
注意:(1.)当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定词时，
谓语动词通常用单数。
① No student and no teacher has been given a task.
② Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.
(2.)当主语由and连结，表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词；表示不同的人或物时, 谓语动词用复数，此时and后面的名词有冠词。
①A thief and murderer was sentenced to death.
②The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
③The worker and the writer are from Beijing.
4、 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone,
everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式
①Something has gone wrong with my watch.
②Anybody who breaks the rule will be punished.
5、 each of…/either of…./one of…谓语动词用单数; none of…/neither of…可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；但代表不可数名词时，用单数
① Each of the students has a book.
② None of us is/ are perfect.
③ Neither of them know/knows the answer.
④ None of this worries me.
⑤ None of this money is mine.
neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数 Neither statement is true.
6、 many a +单数名词(很多)： more than one+单数名词(不只一个)作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。
① Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.
② Many a man believes the story.
③ More than one man has died in the accident.　
④ More than five men have died in the accident.
7. Some /a lot of /half of… /the rest of… /part of…/plenty of…/分数（%）+of…/the majority of + 名词”等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
即：分数或百分数+of+不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词用单数
分数或百分数+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数
① Two-thirds of the students come from the countryside.
② Ninety percent of the work has been done.
8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。
(1)与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I, who am your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.
⑵ which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数
As is known, I am beautiful.
(3) one of +复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式;
the only/exact one of+复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。
①Tom is one of the students who are good at playing football.
②Tom is the only one of the students who is good at playing football.
9. 随前原则
当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with , but ,
except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。
①. The teacher with two students was at the meeting.
②. All but one were here just now.
二．意义一致原则
主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。（即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。）
1. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
① The group is made up of nine students.
② The group are dancing happily.
注意1：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数；people 民族（可数名词，peoples)
① The Chinese people is a brave people.
② Chinese people are making our country richer and richer.
③ The population of China is over 1.3billion and 80% of the population are farmers.
2.表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式;
① Two years has passed since I left Ningbo.
② One million dollars is great sum of money.
3.有些名词如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, series 等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。
①　 This glass works was built in 1978.
②　 Two steel works are east of the city.
③　 Every means has been tried.
④　 Many species have died out.
4.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，用单数
① My trousers are very nice.
② A pair of shoes is under the bed.
5.主语是疑问代词who, what, which, 不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
① Which is more valuable, health or wealth?
② Which are prettier, these or those?
③ We had some paper, but the rest were put back.
6.the＋adj. 作主语,the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等
① The old are taken good care of in our society.
② The rich were for the decision but the poor were against it.
7. a/this/that + kind of +名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是kinds（types) of+名词或复数名词of+ a ( this, that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。
即 …kind(s) of +n….,谓语与kind一致 n. +of this kind… 谓语与名词一致
① The kind of apples sells well.
② Men of this kind are dangerous .
注意 : 由kind, form, type, species, series 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数，而不是他们后面所跟的名词.
① This new type of machine is now on show.
② Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.
8.主语是a large/small quantity/amount of +名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数；如果是 large (great) quantifies/ amounts of +名词（可数或不可数）时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity/amount的单复数而定
① There is a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm .
② Large quantities of water /coal/bricks are needed here.
9. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；The number of(the variety of ...) +名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。
①A number of workers are out of work.
②The number of the students in our school is eight thousand.
10. 两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
① Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three.
② Six and eight makes/make fourteen.
11、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
①“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
② The United States is on the south of Canada.
12.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定
① Your shoes are white while mine are black.
② His coat is yellow while hers is red.
三． 就近一致原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
13.由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also，not…but连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
① You or she is good at English.
② Are either you or he wrong?
14. 以here, there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致。
① Here is some bread.
② There is a pen and three pencils on the desk.
15.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
①Such is the result.
②Such are the facts.
③On the wall are many pictures.
一．选择题
【2014湖南卷】 All we need______ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year .
A. are B. was C. is D. were
【2013福建】The famous musician, as well as his students, ______to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
【2013湖南】The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
【2013江苏】Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others _____ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【2012安徽】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,
some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept
【2012陕西】The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
【2012湖南】All the scientific evidence ____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health.
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is
1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. One third of the country ___covered with trees and the majority of the citizens___black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
4. He is one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years. 
  A. is     B. are    C. have been    D. has been
5. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some ______difficult to understand.
A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are
7. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
8. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry.
   A. is working               B. works             C. work              D. worked
9. The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
10. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
11. —Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
12. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ____good for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are
13. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ___so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
14. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area.
A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair
15. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ___yet . 
  A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
16. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
17. Most of what has been said about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons.
A. are B. is C. being D. to be
18. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
19. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
  A. is going                   B. go                   C. goes                 D. are going
20. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
21. No one in the department but Tom and I ____ that the director is going to resign. 
 A. knows   B. know   C. have known   D. am to know
22. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home.
  A. encourages  B. encourage  C. is encouraged   D.are encouraged
23. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ___ 50 million.
  A. have reached         B. has reached             C. are reaching        D. had reached
24. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _________ yet.
  A. are not decided   B. have not been decided   
C. is not being decided     D. has not been decided
25. --- How are the team playing?
--- They’re playing well, but one of them _______  hurt. 
  A. got       B. gets      C. are           D. were
26. As a result of destroying the forest, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land.
  A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have
27. Every possible means _____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
  A. is used    B. are used C. has been used    D. have been used
28. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass. 
  A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are　

二．完成句子
1. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _______________________.
（hope）（希望上大学）
2. Listening to music, along with reading to relax, _____________________ to senior students.
(be) (是很重要的)
3. He is one the old scientists who __________________________his personal income and fame .
(care ) (不关心)
4. All the employees except the manager _______________________ to working online at home.
(attach) （被鼓励重视）
5. Not you but your father __________________. (blame) (该受责备)
6. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______________ having one examination after another . (tired) (厌倦了)
7. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________________ each year.
(wash)随着更多的森林正在被破坏，每年都有大量的沃土在流失。
8. To get up early and to go to bed early ________________ your health. (good) (有益)
9. About three-fourth of the earth’s surface ________________ water. （cover ）（被覆盖着）
10. E-mail ,as well as telephone ,____________________ in daily communication now. (play)
电子邮件和电话一样，正在常交际中扮演重要角色。