初中定语从句宾语从句状语从句讲解及练习.doc

初中定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句讲解

初中定语从句讲解及练习
定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.
 (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
 (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
 (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
 (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
 三、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
 (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous.
 (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
 (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
 (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
 (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
 (1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)
 (2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；
 (1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)
 (2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f)
 (3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t)
 (4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f)
 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
 (1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
 (2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some of  which have gone bad.
 (3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
解答"介词+关系代词 "类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：
in the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.
a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom
简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。所以，d是正确选项。
定 语 从 句 练 习
1. The bridge ____ a big ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which 解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。基本常识：定语从句随意性关系引导词由搭配介词+which/whom构成，先行词指人用前者，先行词指事/物用后者。定语从句引导词的判断方法为将先行词想方设法放入从句，使从句成为一个完整且有先行词成分的陈述句。 此句中，先行词为the bridge; 从句为a big ship can go, 二者构成的完整句为 A big ship can go under the bridge. 因此， 答案为A
2. The book ____ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cover of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of 解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词以及所属关系引导词。 此句中先行词为the book, 从句应为cover is torn, 二者构成的完整句为the cover of the book is torn. 因此随意性关系引导词结构为the cover of which或所属关系引导词结构whose cover. 因此，答案为A
3. He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which 解析：考查先行词即指人又指物的定语从句相同意思引导词。定语从句相同意思引导词基本要点，无论限定性还是非限定性定语从句的主宾表引导词均为相同意思引导词。
限定性定语从句中，相同意思引导词有一般引导词who, whom, which以及通用引导词that. 先行词指人，作从句主语用who, 作从句定语或作从句中介词的宾语均用引导词whom, 先行词指物， 用引导词which, 限定性定语从句中，作相同意思的引导词均可以用that替代。此外，限定性定语从句中作宾语的引导词可以省略。非限定性定语从句中，相同意思引导词只能为一般引导词who/whom/which， 不能用通用引导词that.非限定性定语从句中，前一完整句在从句中作主宾表成分时，也要看作是定语从句相同意思引导词，先行词指事物的情况，用引导词which.此句中，先行词为the classmates and the school， 从句为he had visited, 二者构成的完整句为He had visited the classmates and the school. 所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。 因此，答案为B
4. You have seen the girl ____ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which 解析：考查定语从句所属关系引导词。此句先行词为the girl，定语从句为sister is a Chinese teacher，二者构成的完整句为The girl's sister is a Chinese teacher. 先行词的's所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。因此， 答案只能为C.
定语从句固定关系引导词相关要点：先行词在定语从句中除作从句主宾表成分以外的成分，均为相关意思引导词，其中包括固定关系引导词和随意性关系引导词。固定关系引导词只有when(时间关系)，where（地点关系），why(先行词为the reason,原因关系）whose（所属关系，包括's所有格关系和of 所有格关系，由whose修饰的名词成分前不能用冠词成分，whose应为名词的前置性定语成分）；随意性关系引导词为相关搭配介词+which/whom构成的引导词结构充当。
5. We should do all ____ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D. which 解析：考查限定性定语从句中先行词为不定代词的相同意思引导词。 此句中先行词all为不定代词，从句为is useful to people，从句缺主语， 二者构成的完整句为All is useful to people.为了便于理解，All =All the things/ everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everything is useful to people; 或 All the things are useful to people. 因此，答案为B
6. We came to a place ____ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which 解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为a place, 从句为they had never paid a visit before, 二者构成的完整句为They had never paid a visit to the place before. 因此，答案为D。
此句的可转换概念进行相同意思引导词的考查，题干为We came to a place _____ they had never visited before. 其答案可以为which/that/省略引导词。
7. Those ____ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have 解析：考查为指示代词在从句中作主语的指代分析以及引导词的数量。此句中，those为定语从句的先行词，相当于those students/clerks, finished diong it为定语从句成分，从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。主语指人，用一般引导词who, 引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。 因此， 答案为A
9. The man ____ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to 解析：考查完整的定语从句。此句中先行词在从句中作介词宾语，先行词相同意思用引导词充当， 先行词指人。因此，答案为A
10. I went to the school ____ my father once worked. A. that B. which C. where D. on which 解析：考查定语从句相关意思引导词。此句先行词the school, 定语从句my father once worked,二者构成的完整句o为My father once worked in the school. in the school可以用固定关系引导词中的地点关系引导词where表示, 也可以用随意性关系引导词 in which表示。 因此，答案为C
11. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 解析：前一空考查定语从句相关意思引导词；后一空考查定语从句整句先行词相同意思引导词。前一定语从句的完整句为I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。后一定语从句的完整句在理解基础上的意思转换为The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。所以为整句先行词在从句中作主语。 因此，答案为B
12. The weather turned out to be very good, _______was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句在意思理解基础上的完整句为This natural phenomenan was more than we could expect. This natural phenomenan= The weather turned out to be very good. 因此，答案为B
13. Carol said the work would be done by October, ___personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 解析：考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作宾语。 非限定性定语从句的完整句为Personly I doubt that the work would be done by October very much. 因此， 答案为D
14. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what 解析：考查非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句完整句为It made the others unhappy that Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. It=Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. 在从句中构成形式主语与真实主语关系。因此，答案为B
15. _________is known to all, China will be an _________powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.
A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing 解析：前一空考查前置性非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语，后一空为与动作趋向相关的非谓语分词形容词在从句中作前置性定语。非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语，只能用as引导，以职高方法理解，可以为固定表达结构的插入语来理解，as is known to all. 与动作趋向相关的分词形容词，ing分词表示动作正在进行或动作即将产生，ed分词表示动作已经结束，此句中advancing country表示发展中国家， advanced country表示发达国家. 因此，答案为C。
16._________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C .That D. It 解析：考查前置性非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。为综上所述的固定表达结构。 因此， 答案为B
17._________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析：固定表达结构或前置性非限定性定语从句引导词为As， 答案为B
18. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点，先行词为the exciting moment , 将先行词放入从句为For the first time in the years their team won the world cup at the moment, 先行词放入从句为介词短语作时间状语，相关意思引导词， 固定关系引导词用时间关系引导词when,随意性关系引导词用at which. 句中for the first time in years为强词调结构。 答案为D
19. Have you seen the film "Titanic", ________ leading actor is world famous? A. its B. it's C. whose D. which 解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点， 先行词the film，放入从句为The leading actor of the film is world famous, 先行词放入从句为of所有格作后置性定语，用相关意思引导词中的所属关系引导词。 答案为C
20. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _________ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when 解析：非限定性定语从句考点， 先行词为 some other places, 放入从句为other visitors seldom go to these places, 先行词在从句中为相关意思引导词作地点状语， 固定关系引导词用地点关系引导词where, 随意性关系引导词用to which. 本人认为用随意性关系引导词最好。答案为C
21. The famous basketball star, _______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who 解析：非限定性定语从句考点， 先行词为the famous basketball star, 放入从句为the basketball star tried to make a comeback. 先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指人。答案为D
22. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _________many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 解析：非限定性定语从句，先行词5:30pm, 放入从句为many people have got home until/by 5:30pm。先行语相关意思在从句中作时间状语，固定关系引导词when, 随意性关系引导词until which, by which. 答案为D
23. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _________ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which　 C. its price D. the price of whose 解析：非限定性定语从句， 先行词the ancient Chinese vase, 放入从句为 The ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable,，先行词在从句中作主语， 相同意思引导词，先行词指物，引导词用which. 或the price of the Chinese vase was very reasonable, 先行词的of所有格在从句中作后置性定语，所属关系引导词结构用whose price, 随意性关系引导词用the price of which, 答案为D
23. I shall never forget those years _________I lived in the country with the farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 解析：前一空为限定性定语从句引导词， 后一空为非限定性定语从句，前一句先行词those years, 放入从句为I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作时间状语，相关意思引导词。 固定关系引导词用when. 后一空先行词为前一从句为整句先行词，可理解为那段时间的经历The experience, 放入从句为 the experience has a great effect on my life. 先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。答案为B
24. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 解析：限定性定语从句，先行词the small town 放入从句为he grew up in the small towm as a child. 先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，相关意思引导词，固定关系引导词用where, 随意性关系引导词用in which。 答案为B
25. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词the hours, 放入从句为I was taken good care of in that far-away village during the hours. 先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，固定关系引词用when， 随意性关系引导词用during which. 答案为C
26. He's got himself into a dangerous situation _________he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词为a dangerous situation, 放入从句为 He is likely to lose control over the plane in that dangerous situation. 先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，固定关系引导词用where, 随意性关系引导词用in which, 随意性关系引导词最好。 答案为A
27. -Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? -Yes. I gave it to her _________I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 解析： 定语从句及状语从句综合性考点，若此处有the moment时， the moment在主句中作时间状语， 同时作定语从句的先行词。 先行词放入从句为I saw her at the moment. 先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，引导词用固定关系引导词when，引导词不同省略。 while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须为延续性动词或状态，see为瞬间动作。 suddenly为时间副词，作为连结副词时，采用插入连结方式，前后用逗号隔开；once引导的状语从句有时间状语从句意味，也不条件状语从句意味，可以用于此句的表达。 答案为D
28. Is this the reason _________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 解析：限定性定语从句考点， 先行词为the reason, 定语从句引导词为Why.
29. I shall remember the day ______ we met first. A. that B. which C. where D. when 解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词the day， 放入从句为We met first on the day. 先行语短语结构在从句中作时间状语， 固定关系引导词用when, 随意性关系引导词用on which. 答案为D
30. Can you lend me the dictionary ______ the other day? A. about that you talked B. That you talked C. which you talked D. that you talked about 解析： 限定性定语从句考点， 先行语the dictionary, 放入从句为you talked about the dictionary the other day. 先行词短语结构在从句中作宾语， 从句可用about which you talkd the other day 或 which/ that/ 省略引导词 you talked about the other day. 答案为D
31. The book ______ isn’t in the library. A. what I need B. I need C. that I need it D. which I need it 解析：限定性定语从句考点， 先行词the book 放入从句为I need the book. 先行词在从句中作宾语，相同意思引导词，先行词指物， 引导词可用which/that/ 省略引导词。 答案为B
32. It was raining, ______ was a pity. A. what B. which C. that D. it 解析：非限定性定语从句考点， 先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这种情况this situation, 放入从句为This situation was a pity, 先行词在从句中作主语， 相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。答案为B
33. He studied hard at school when he was young , ____ contributes to his success in latter life A. as B. therefore C. which D. so that 解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这一经历this experience 放入从句为This experience contributes to his success in his latter life. 先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事，答案为C
34. The size of the audience, ______ we had expected, was well over one thousand. A. whom B. who C. as D. that 解析：非限定性定语从句考点， 先行语the size of the audience, 放入从句为we had expected the size of the audience, 先行语在从句中作宾语。先行词指物，引导词可用which. espect 可构成固定短语的插入语表示据估计，as it was expected或as it has been expected或as sb has expected. 答案为C
35. One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United States is the Grand Canyon, _____ located in northwestern Arizona. A. and B. where C. is D. which is 解析：非限定性定语从句考点，先行词the Grand Canyon, 放入从句为The Grand Canyon is located in northwestern Arizona. 先行语在从句中作主语，先行语非人即物，答案为D。 值得注意的是， locate 为使动用法的及物动词，在做句子谓语时，要采用被动表达结构。
36. Do you know the worker ______? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C I often talk with D. that I often talk 解析： 限定性定语从句，先行词为the worker ，放入从句为 I often talk with the worker. 先行词短语结构在从句中作宾语，定语从句表达可以为 with whom I often talk 或 whom/ that/省略引导词 I often talk with. 答案为C
37. El