高一第一单元集体备课材料.doc

Module 1 Unit 1 Lifestyles
集体备课材料
I. 单元必背
重要词汇：matter, peaceful, relaxing,suppose, lifestyle, remote, portable,complain, switch, bored, stress, pressure, reduce, stand,expert, suffer, prefer, graduate, support, challenge, otherwise, nearby, forecast, distance, formal, style.
重要短语
1.     as long as
2.   improve one’s lifestyle 改善生活方式
3.   go off （闹钟）响
4.   get changed 换衣服
5.   take up 占据，占时间、空间
6.   be filled with 充满
7.   for fun 娱乐
8.   make money for sb. 为人赚钱
9.   get bored 觉得无聊
10. find… very interesting 感觉/感觉…很有趣
11. suffer from 遭受，遭遇
12. take place 发生
13. lose weight 减肥
14. can’t stand sth./doing sth. 无法忍受（做）某事
15. hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事
16. prefer doing sth. 喜欢做某事
(拓展) prefer sth. to sth. 比起…更喜欢…
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做…更喜欢做…
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做…也不愿做…
17. take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
18. win support from 赢得某人的支持
19. as soon as possible 尽快
20. meet the challenge of 迎接挑战
21. make sb. proud 使某人感到骄傲
22. be crowded with 挤满
23. spend some time in doing sth. 花时间做某事
spend some time/time on sth. 把时间/金钱花在…上面
24. at work 在工作
25.the same …that 和……一样（同一个）
26. the same…as 和……一样（不同一个）
27. early in the morning 清晨
28. late at night 深夜
29.be free of sickness 没有疾病
be free of… 无…，没有…
30. make sure 确定,确保
31. look after 照顾
32. play with sb 和某人一起玩
33. get the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
34. not…anymore= no more 不再……
35. think of 考虑
36. as a result 结果是
37. result from= because 因为，（因……）发生；（随……）产生
38. result in= cause 造成；导致
39. come up with 想出
40. join sb in sth/doing sth 加入某人做某事
41. serve tea/dishes 上茶/菜
42. in order to do sth. 为了……
43. play/have an important role/part in在……方面起很大作用
44. as well as 也，还 ；和 …… 一样好
45. cheer up 兴奋起来
46. ask for 要求
47. It has something/nothing to do with… 和……有/没有关系
48. reduce stress 减轻压力
49. have a good diet 有良好饮食习惯
50. make a decision 作出决定
51. graduate from 从某学校毕业
52. be prepared for =be ready to do…准备好（做某事）
重要句型结构
1. At nine thirty, if there is a good play on BBC2, I switch over and watch it.
2. I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.
3. I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.
4. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed.
5. I am always the first person to get to the office.
6. But I try to work hard so that I can make more money for them.
7. Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
8. We like to visit nice, quiet places far away from the city and go walking where there are no shops, crowds or the tube.
9. That’s what people call the underground in London.
10.We don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have.
11. Unfortunately my wife isn’t as fond of them as I am.
12. I also grow wheat and vegetables so there are many things to look after.
13. To solve the problem, the Duchess came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends….
14. In fact, the London Stock Exchange is believed to have started from these coffeehouses.
II. 词句分解
1. matter vi. 要紧，重要，有重大关系 n. 物质，问题，毛病
【分解】①matter 作vi. 时，意为to be important；同义词count。 其主语可以是sth. /to do sth. /doing sth. 或者主语从句，it可作形式主语代替从句。
② 相关短语：
a matter of ... 是一个……的问题/事情
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
as a matter of fact 实际上，不瞒你说，事实上
It doesn't matter. 没关系
It matters / doesn't matter （to sb.）＋主语从句
③疑问句What's the matter? （怎么回事？）中what是主语变为从句时语序不变。
④no matter+ whether /疑问词…… 无论……
【例句】
During the disaster every contribution matters.
It doesn't really matter to me if we don't see the film—I've seen it already anyway.
I didn't know what was the matter.
I didn't know what the matter was.
Don' t open the door, no matter who comes.
2. suppose vt. 认为，猜想，假设
【分解】1）suppose ＋ sb./sth. ＋to do /adj. /prep. phrase; suppose ＋ that-clause猜想，认为
2） be supposed to do sth. 理应做某事
3） suppose/ supposing ＋ that-clause 假定，假设
【例句】I supposed him in his boss's office but Mary supposed him to be with his parents.
Most people supposed that this time the athlete from Japan might be beaten by his old rival.
Suppose/Supposing (that) they can't finish the work in time, we will have to put off the date of the ceremony.
You are supposed to finish it before dark.
3. He goes fishing in his free time.
go fishing 意为“去进行某项体育活动或娱乐活动”。如 go swimming/jogging/skating.
【拓展】
go on doing sth. “继续干某事（同一件事）”
go on to do sth. “做完一件事继续接着做另一件事”
do some / a little cooking/shopping/acting/writing “从事（做些）烹调、购物、演戏、写作等活动”
4. When I get up I don't get up immediately.
【分解】immediately / directly / instantly可充当副词，在句中作状语。

‚immediately / directly / instantly可用作连词，和词组the moment, the minute一样可引导状语从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。

【例句】The thief ran away the moment / directly he saw the policeman.
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
I didn't immediately realize how serious the situation was.
5. I turn on the television and watch the ... until about half-past ten.
【分解】until用作介词或是连词，英文解释是up to a specified time (直到某一时刻)或up to the time of a specified event (直到发生某事)。
‚until 用于肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词)，如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等；until用于否定句中，句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生，即表示动作的起点。一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)” 。
ƒ “not until” 的两种强调结构
结构A：It is (was) not until + 时间状语(从句)+ that +主句
结构B：Not until +时间状语(从句)+主句的倒装句
【例句】
Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了。
I hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。
It was not until yesterday that I remembered it. 直到昨天我才记起这事。
Not until the film had begun did she arrive. 直到电影开始她才到。
A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the story. （上海2003）
　　A. when B. unless C. after D. until
6. at the moment 此刻，目前，那时
【拓展】at that moment 在那时 for a moment 一会儿
for the moment 目前，暂时 in a moment 马上，过一会儿
at any moment 随时，立刻
the moment=as soon as/ the minute/ the instant 一……就……（引导时间状语从句）
【例句】
The parents rushed to the hospital _____ they heard that their son was injured.
A. at the moment B. for the moment
C. the moment D. in the moment
7. I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.
【分解】go off (爆竹、铃等)响；爆炸；停止运转；（食物）变坏；离去
【例句】The balloon went off with a crack.
I don't know why he went off without saying goodbye.
Lights will go off if no one is in the room.
【拓展】go ahead 开始，进行，前进 go against 违反，反对
go through 通过，仔细检查，经历，浏览 go into调查，了解，研究
go after 追求，追逐，设法获得 go along 进行，进展
go out 灯火熄灭，过时，出去 go in for 从事，喜欢，参加（考试）
（2010安庆三模）If someone wants to emigrate, some processes have to be ______.
A. gone through B. gone in for C. gone off D. gone by
8. I am always the first person to get to the office.
【分解】 当名词前有序数词、最高级或no、all、any等修饰时，用不定式作定语。
【例句】Marie Curie became the first woman in France to be a university professor.
He was the best man to do the job.
(2010西安抽样测试) There is no way _____ the problem. We have no time.
A. solving B.solved C. to solve D.solve
9. Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.
【分解】意为1) 拿起 2）占去（时间、空间等） 3）开始从事（某项工作等），开始对……感兴趣
【例句】Take care not to take up the hot coals with your bare hands. 小心别徒手拿热的煤。
This old tree will have to be taken up by its roots. 这棵老树将被连根拔起。
That big clock will have to be moved; it takes up too much space in the small hall.
Writing in another language demands so much effort that it takes up all my attention. 用另一种语言写作要求付出很多的努力，以致于它花费了我所有的注意力。
When does the Minister take up his office? 这位部长什么时候就职？
When did Jane first take up music? 简是什么时候开始对音乐感兴趣的？
(2010北京西城区高考预测题）Doing science exercises often ____ most of the students' spare time.
A. takes off B. takes up C.takes over D. takes on
【拓展】
take off起飞；脱下；动身；匆匆离开
take on承担；呈现；同…较量；开始雇用
take over接受；接管；借用；接办
take down记下；拆卸；记下来；取下

take place发生；进行；举行；产生
take apart拆卸；拆开；分辨；区分

take notes记笔记；做笔记；记录；作笔记 take a break休息一会儿

take action采取行动；提出诉讼
take away带走，拿走，取走

take care of照顾；注意；抚养
take charge掌管，负责；主持；不受控制

take in 接受，吸收，包括，领会，欺骗 take after 与……相像
10. I get bored if there's nothing to do.
【分解】过去分词bored 作系动词get的表语，它是“get＋过去分词”结构，常在口语中表被动，该结构着重表示动作，不可延续，因此不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。类似的用法如：get married，get excited，get changed, get paid, get caught in a rain/storm, get charged等。
【例句】
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98)
A. pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay
 11. complain v. 抱怨，投诉
【分解】complain (to sb.) about/of sth. complain (to sb.) that-clause 向（某人）抱怨诉苦
‚complaint n. make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨
【例句】
She complained to me about his rudeness. 她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。
He complained that his meal was cold. 他抱怨说他的饭菜冷了。
Our next door neighbor said he’d complain about us to the police if we made any more noise. 我们隔壁的邻居说如果我们再弄出噪音的话，他将向警方投诉。
She complained of his carelessness.(= She complained that his carelessness caused her a lot of trouble.)
He poured out his complaints before me. 他在我面前诉苦。
12. I need to be in my office by nine o'clock so I usually get up at seven o'clock.
在九点前我得上班，因此我常常在七点起床。
【分解】 need用作情态动词，常用在否定句和疑问中。
‚ need用作实义动词，后面要接带to的动词不定式。构成否定句和疑问句时，要借助于助动词。
【例句】
We have plenty of time. So I needn't drive quickly.
You don't need to get up so early every day.
Does she need to tell the same dull stories every time we see her?
need用作实义动词，后接V-ing分词主动式或不定式的被动式，这时，V-ing分词或不定式与句子主语存在逻辑动宾关系。如：
The electric pan needs repairing / to be repaired  before it can be used.
13. Usually, it is so crowded that I can't find anywhere to sit.
【分解】so … that 表示 “如此……以致……”，引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不充当成分。so的后面一般接以下几种形式：
① so + 形容词或副词 + that…
② so + 形容词+ a/an + 名词（单数可数） + that…
③ so + many/few + 名词（可数复数） + that…
④ so + much/little + 名词（不可数） + that…
【例句】
He is so poor that he cannot afford an egg.他穷得连一个鸡蛋都买不起。
The little boy missed his mother so much that he cried all the night.这个小男孩如此地思念他的母亲以致他哭了一晚上。
He is so naughty a boy that no one likes him.他太淘气了，每人喜欢他。
The boy had had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 这男孩子摔得那么重以至于全身都是青一块紫一块的。
He had received so little education that he could hardly write his own name. 他受的教育太少，连自己的名字都不会写。
(2001安徽省) Miss Gao asked a question, but it was__________that nobody could answer it.A.very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult
注意：such...that 也表示“如此……以致……”，一般情况下, such 后面接上述几种情况以外的名词。如：such a naughty boy , such water, such men, such lovely weather等。
‚so that即可引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。
III. 语法归纳
Grammar: present simple ,present continuous and be going to do
一． Present simple
1. Forms: do/does am/is/are
2. Uses:
(1) 表示客观事实或普遍真理
The sun rises in the east.
Famous people suffer from a lot of stress.
(2) 表示现在经常性，习惯性动作或状态。
We have meals three times a day.
We always care for each other and help each other.
He is always ready to help others.
(3) 表示知觉，态度，感情，某种抽象的关系或概念的词如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等，常用一般现在时
Mr. Smith owns a car and a house.
I like travelling.
(4) 一般现在时还可以用在if, unless, even if引导的条件状语从句中，由when, before, until(till), as soon as, the moment, once引导的时间状语从句中，由no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,wherever, however引导的让步状语从句中，这是主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。如：
I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.
(5) 表示官方事件或不可改变的时间表
Christmas falls on a Sunday next year.
The train arrives at 9:00pm.
二． Present continuous
1. Forms: am/ is/ are doing
2. Uses:
(1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
They are playing basketball now.
My agent is waiting for me, I have to go.
(2) 表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：
We are making model planes these days.
(3） 描述图片重的人物的动作，为了表达更生动，此时也常用现在进行时。
Look at the pictures. The children are flying kites in the park.
(4) 表示已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
We're flying to Paris tomorrow.
I've won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum.
(5) 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏，厌恶，遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly连用。
He is always thinking of others first.
He is always making the same mistake.
三． Be going to do
1. 依据现在观察到的迹象，预测将来会发生的事
Look at the sky---it's going to be nice and sunny.
Look out! The tree id going to fall over.
2. 表达想要做某事的意图
I'm never going to buy a mobile phone,
What are you going to do this weekend.
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