特殊句式语法教案.doc

特殊句式
(一)省　略

一、从句的省略
①Every day after I went home, _____________________，I will go out for a walk with my wife.(2014·芜湖一中模拟) 每天我回家后，如果不累，我会和妻子一块出去散步。
②________________, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(2013·天津高考)
这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约1 000个客户。
③All the photographs in this book, ___________________, date from the 1950s.(2012·陕西高考)
书中所有的照片，除非另外说明，否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。
④She stood at the gate ________________________________.她站在门口好像在等人。
⑤Get up early tomorrow. If not (＝_____________________), you will miss the first bus.
明天得早起。如果不早起，你就赶不上首班车。
⑥—Do you think it will rain? —____________________________________．
——你认为会下雨吗？ ——我希望下/不下。

1．当状语从句的主语和主句的___________或主语是___________，且从句中含___________时，可以省略状语从句中的___________和___________。
2．so或not代替___________，此时可用“___________”省略句式。
3．I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别表示___________或___________，宾语从句___________。
二、不定式的省略
①I asked him to see the film, but he _____________. 我叫他去看电影，但是他不想去。
②—Will you join in the game? —________________.
——你愿意参加这个比赛吗？——我愿意。
③—Are you a sailor? —No, but _____________——你是水手吗？ ——不是，但我过去是。
④—He hasn't finished yet.—Well, he ____________——他还没完成。——哦，他早该完成了。

1．单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后___________，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。否定形式的省略用___________。
2．不定式符号to用在某些___________，如glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面。
3．如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留__________，___________和___________。

考点一 从句的省略
1．(2013·浙江高考)There are some health problems that, when ________ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated　　　 B．not being treated C．not to be treated D．not having been treated
考点二 不定式符号to的省略
2．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________.
A．not to do　　 B．not to C．not do D．do not
[解题技法指导]
掌握状语从句省略的一般规律，并尝试把省略句_______，确定动作是_______还是_______关系，确定是选择_______形式还是_______形式。
[典例]　(2012·新课标全国卷)Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________ such art forms as music and painting.
A．having compared to B．comparing to C．compare to D．compared to
(二)反意疑问句和感叹句

一、反意疑问句
1．陈述部分含有must/may/might的反意疑问句
①You must go now, __________?你现在必须走，是吗？
②You mustn't smoke here, __________?你不可以在此吸烟，行吗？
③You must/may/might be hungry now, __________?你现在一定/可能饿了，是吗？
④You must have heard about it, __________?你一定听说过这件事了，对吗？
⑤You must have watched that football match last night,__________?
你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了，是吗？

(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用_______；当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用______________。
(2)“must/may be”对_______的情况进行推测，按______________或______________的附加疑问句进行处理。
(3)“must＋完成时”用来推测______________，强调对______________。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时，按______________的附加疑问句处理；反之，按______________的附加疑问句处理。
2．祈使句的反意疑问句
①Open the door, __________?打开门，好吗？
②Let's go out for a walk, __________?我们出去散步，好吗？
③Let us go home now, __________?现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？
[规律总结]
祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：
(1)否定祈使句，＋_______? (2)肯定祈使句，＋______________?
(3)Let's ...，＋_______? (4)Let us ...，＋______________?
3．陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
①He said that he would come to my birthday party, __________?
他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？
②I don't believe he will succeed, __________?我认为他不会成功，会吗？
③Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed, __________?汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗？

(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分常和______________。
(2)陈述部分的主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine，且主句主语为_______人称时，疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的_______和______________；主句的主语为_______、_______人称时，后面的疑问部分与______________、______________。注意陈述部分的______________现象。
4．陈述部分含有否定含义及否定词的反意疑问句
①He could hardly walk without a stick, __________?没有拐杖他几乎不能走路，是吗？
②Tom dislikes playing tennis, __________?汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？
③It's unfair, __________?那不公平，是吗？

1．如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用______________。
2．陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用______________。
二、感叹句
①What __________!＝How __________! 多聪明的孩子啊！
②What_______!＝How_____________________!这些花多美啊！
③What ___________________!这水可真甜呀！
④How______________________! 他跑得真快！
　感叹句的基本构成形式
(1)What____________________________！
(2)How____________________________！
(3)How____________________________！

考点一 反意疑问句
1．(2012·江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ________？
A．is there　　　　　　　　 B．isn't there C．is he D．isn't he
2．(2011·重庆高考)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______？
A．could he B．didn't I C．didn't you D．could they
考点二 感叹句
3．(2011·辽宁高考)______ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A．Which B．What C．How D．Whether

1．(2014·合肥一中模拟)Every swimmer wants to be a champion swimmer. If you ________， you've got to start young.
A．do B．want C．want to D．want to be
2．(2014·南京模拟)—The old store enjoys a good reputation in this area.
—Can't agree more. There are very few, ________， complaints about their service.
A．if any B．if so C．if anything D．if ever
3．(2014·北京西城模拟)A person, when _____， can often do what is normally beyond his ability.
A．challenged B．challenges C．challenging D．to challenge
4．(2014·安徽名校联考)—What a pity that you didn't attend Jane's wedding!
—I intended ________， but you know my little son is always attached to me.
A．to B．to have C．to be D．to attend
5．(2014·厦门适应性考试)Mr. Wang must have watched the film So Young last night，________？
A．mustn't he B．hasn't he C．didn't he D．needn't he
6．(2014·齐鲁名校联合测试)Nothing that you say can change his mind，________？
A．do you B．don't you C．can it D．can't it
7．(2014·徐州质量检测)I don't think Linda could have done such a stupid thing last night，________？
A．do I B．didn't she C．did she D．don't I
8．(2014·温州模拟)________these brochures among the tourists before you leave, will you?
A．Having distributed B．To distribute C．Distribute D．Distributing
主谓一致

一、意义一致原则
①The writer and teacher Smith ________ millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
②Every man and every woman ___a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
③Many a parent _________________ to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
④To go to bed early and to rise early ______________________.早睡早起是一个好习惯。
⑤About one third of the books_______________.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
⑥Only 60 percent of the work ____________yesterday. 昨天只干了60%的活。

1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用________。
2．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用________。
3．非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用________。
4．含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况
(1)many a/more than one＋_________名词作主语，谓语动词用________。
(2)the rest, the remaining/part ...＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的________意义而定。
(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们________________。
二、就近一致原则
①Either you or one of your students_________(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
________(be)either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow?
是你还是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议呢？
②_____________________________________.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

1．由or, nor, either ... or, neither ... nor, not only ... but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。
2．there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
三、语法一致原则
①_____________________ no intention of going shopping with me.
我的朋友们不想和我去购物。
②With more and more forests being destroyed, ____________________ being washed away each year.
＝ With more and more forests being destroyed, _____________________ being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
③This new type of bus ________(be)now on show. 这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。
④All kinds of difficulties _____________ be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。
⑤Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,_________________________..
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。

1．主语和谓语通常遵循________________的原则，即主语是________形式，谓语动词用________形式；主语是________形式，谓语动词用________形式。
2．a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用________形式。quantities of后接________名词、________名词，后面的谓语动词都用________形式。
3．由“kind(或form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的________。
4．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与________________保持一致。

考点 主谓一致的三大原则
1．(2013·湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A．are; is　　　　　　　　　 B．are; are C．is; are D．is; is
2．(2013·江苏高考)Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
3．(2012·陕西高考)The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were B．was C．is D．are

1．(2014·皖南八校联考)Between each of the morning classes________ an interval, when the students can have a short break.
A．was B．are C．were D．is
2．(2014·苏南五校联考)Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins________ in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.
A．has found B．has been found C．had been found D．have been found
3．A quantity of students________ in the shabby dormitory, while large amounts of money________ spent on the headmaster's new car.
A．live; has been B．lives; has been C．lives; have been D．live; have been
4．(2014·苏州中学质检)The woman, together with her husband and two children, all looking anxious，________ the guard to let them through then.
A．was asking B．were asking C．ask D．was asked
5．A recent study has found that the number of smokers________ sharply over the past five years.
A．is increasing B．are increasing C．has been increasing D．have been increasing
6．(2014·浏阳一中模拟)It is reported that another new school________ at present in the poor mountain area.
A．are building B．is building C．are being built D．is being built
7．(2014·南昌模拟)—________ one and a half months enough for the project to be finished?
—I am afraid not. The professor is ill and only after he recovers________ go on with it.
A．Is; he can B．Are; he can C．Is; can he D．Are; can he
8．We each________ strong points, but each of us on the other hand________ weak points.
A．have; have B．has; have C．have; has D．has; has
2015高考真题
1.【2015·湖南】31.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept[来源:学.科.网][来源:学科网ZXXK]C．keep D．have kept
2.【2015·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize
3.【2015·湖南】23.Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered
4.【2015·湖南】21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
5.【2015·重庆】9.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though C. that D. after
6．It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
特殊句式专练
1. Neither is that _______.
A. your nor is that mine B. yours nor is that me
C. yours nor that is mine D. yours nor is that mine
2.--- I see something lying in the corner, moving. ---Let me see______.
A. what is the matter B. what the matter is C. what matter D.matter is what
3.____ it is to jump into the water in hot summer!
A. What fun B. How funny C. What a fun D. How fun
4.____about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to the mountain.
A. The couple was such curious B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. So curious was the couple
5.--- Can I smoke here? ---No, at no time_____ in the reading room.
A. smoking permits B. does smoking permit C. smoking is permitted D.is smoking permitted
6. I don’t believe everything goes well with you, ______?
A. do they B. does it C. didn’t they D. doesn’t it
7. ____ to sleep than the telephone rang once again.
A. No sooner had he gone B. No sooner did he go
C. He no sooner went D. He had gone no sooner
8.—It’s burning hot yesterday, isn’t it?---Yes. _____yesterday.
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
9. Little _____, but we’re flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.
A. does he know B. he knows C. knows him D. did he know
10.____a mobile phone can you ring _____you want to talk with anywhere.
A. Using ;whoever B. Only on; whomever C. By; whomever D. Only with; who
11. —Who is making so much noise in the garden? ---____ the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
12.—I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?
---It was in the hotel ____he stayed.
A. that B. which C. where D.the one
13. It was in the small house____was built with stones by his father ____ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that ;where C. which ;which D. that; which
14. It was _____ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.
A. since B. for C. as D. because
15. Is ____two hours ____the girl ____family is poor to come to school on foot?
A. it; that ;whose B. it that; it takes ;whose C.it for; that it takes; whose D.it; when;that
16. It is on a winter night___he spent with me.
A. that B. where C. as D.when
17.It is the young man ____looked for ____caught the murderer.
A. that; who B. that ;they C. they ;that D.they ;which
18. It was not until dark_____he found ___he thought was the correct way to solve the problem..
A. that ; what B. that; that C. when; what D.when; that
19. It is the ability to do the job ____matters, not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
20.----What was the party like?---Wonderful. It’s five years____ I enjoyed myself much.
A. after B. that C.since D.before
21. Why! I have nothing to confess(承认). ____ you want me to say?
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
22. ---I hear that Bai Shan can’t afford his schooling this fall.
---_____, let’s do something for him.
A. What else B. If so C. Where possible D. When necessary
23. --- I have some big news for you. You’ve been accepted as a member of our club.
---_______. That’s great!
A. Have I? (Have I been accepted) B. Pardon? C. Congratulations!