新世纪大学英语综合教程3close答案及翻译.doc

Cloze 1
What is genuine friendship? Some classical(古典的.经典的)(1) views may help us understand the notion(观念) (2) of friendship more clearly. Aristotle distinguishes genuine friendship from two other forms: one based on mutual utility(效用) (3) and the other on pleasure. While the ground (4) for the latter two forms of friendship is closely related to material benefits, short-term interests or age, genuine friendship occurs (5) only between those who are similar in their goodness (6). Cicero, another ancient scholar, believes that true friends' actions and lives should leave no question as to (7) their honor, purity, equity and liberality. Whether or not one possesses(拥有) (8) any superiority over the other, both must regard themselves as equals of the other and try their best to preserve(维护;维持) (9) the friendship. Moreover, true friends are bound(结合) (10) together, as a friend is said to be a mirror (11) in which you may perceive and know yourself. When virtuous(品德高尚的) (12) friends are bonded together by a commitment(保证，承诺) (13) to the good, they can recognize each other's moral excellence (14) and fulfill their self-improvement.
什么是真正的友谊吗？一些经典（古典的，经典的）（1）的意见可以帮助我们更清楚理解的概念（观念）（2）友谊。亚里士多德区分真正的友谊从其他两个形式：一种基于相互效用（效用）（3）与其他乐趣。而地面（4）对于后两种形式的友好密切相关的物质利益，短期利益或年龄时，真正的友谊之间的相似，他们的善良（6）（5）。西塞罗（Cicero），另一个古老的学者认为，真正的朋友的行动和生活应该离开毫无疑问，（7）自己的荣誉，纯净，公平和慷慨。无论一个人拥有（拥有）（8）比其他任何优势，都必须把自己平等的，并尽力维护（维护，维持）（9）友谊。此外，真正的朋友绑定（结合）（10）一起，被说成是一面镜子（11）中，你可能会认为，知道自己为好友。当良性（品德高尚的）（12）的朋友都结合在一起的承诺（保证，承诺）（13）的好，他们可以识别对方的美德（14），并满足他们的自我改善。
Cloze 2
Today young people tend to jump on the bandwagon of love with so much haste(匆忙.催促) (1) that they fail to realize the essence of true love. Given the current state of affairs（事件） (2), we need to consider more closely the nature of love. True love has to be distinguished（杰出的） (3) from the pleasures of the flesh. True love means a meeting of minds (4) and it takes time to blossom（兴旺） (5). People who are in true love focus more on inner charm（魅力） (6) than on physical beauty, more on intimacy（亲密） (7) than on closeness, more on emotion (8) than on passion, more on sharing than on acquiring（取得） (9). As true love happens once in a lifetime, they have in their minds the ideals (10) of the relationship. They share mutual respect, admiration（钦佩） (11) and plenty of romance, so their relationship is lasting (12) and meaningful. Preserving true love requires effort, however. You should gift your object of affection（影响） (13) your time, company, support and friendship; you should give yourself and your beloved time and space to forge（伪造.铸造） (14) a life-long bond; and you should honor (15) your commitments. In short, you should devote yourself to your love. Your devotion to love will, in return, bring you an overwhelming(势不可挡) (16) joy
今天有这么多的急速（匆忙。催促）（1）他们没有意识到真正的爱情的本质，年轻人往往跳爱的行列。由于事务（事件）（2）目前的状态，我们需要更加紧密地考虑爱情的本质。真正的爱是杰出的（杰出的）（3）从肉体的快乐。真正的爱情，是指会议的头脑（4）和（兴旺）（5）开花需要一定的时间。谁是真正的爱情的人更注重内在的魅力（魅力）（6），而不是形体美，更亲密（亲密）（7）上的封闭性，更多的情感（8）比激情，更多的共享比获取（取得）（9）。由于发生真正的爱情，一生只有一次，他们在他们的心目中的理想（10）的关系。他们分享相互尊重，钦佩（钦佩）（11）和大量的恋情，所以他们的关系是持久的（12）和有意义的。保持真正的爱情需要努力，但是。你应该礼物你的感情对象的（影响）（13）您的时间，公司，支持和友谊，你应该给自己和你心爱的伪造（伪造。铸造）（14）长期债券的生活和你的时间和空间（15）应该兑现自己的承诺。总之，你要全身心地投入到你的爱。你爱的奉献会，作为回报，给您带来压倒性的（势不可挡）（16）欢乐。
Cloze 3
It is our natural desire to be happy. Throughout human history, people as a whole (1) have been going after happiness. However (2), the pursuit of happiness is often accompanied with dissatisfaction and frustration. This is in part (3) due to our different understanding of happiness. In effect (4), our sense of happiness is derived(起源) (5) from our definition of happiness. Some believe that happiness can be purchased(获得) (6) with wealth. From this point of view, the better off(境况较好的) (7) one becomes, the happier one gets. Therefore, to be happy, they take pains (8) to get rich. But wealth does not necessarily (9) lead to happiness. Others believe that happiness has something to do (10) with status — a system of ranking. Thus, one’s happiness is built upon his favorable comparison(比较) (11) with others. But since society cannot raise its position relative (12) to itself, unhappiness is thus inevitable(不可避免的)(13). So it can be said that both views serve (14) more as the barrier to true happiness than as the guide. To seek (15) true happiness, we must change our inner attitude and strive for the common good of all human beings.
这是我们自然的欲望是幸福的。纵观人类历史，作为一个整体的人（1）已后幸福。然而，（2），对幸福的追求往往伴随着不满和沮丧。这是在第（3）由于我们对幸福的理解不同。效果（4），我们的幸福感是派生的（起源），（5）从我们的幸福的定义。有些人认为幸福是可以购买的（获得）（6）与财富。从这个角度来看，更好的（境况较好的）（7）一个人变得更快乐1得到。因此，要快乐，他们采取的疼痛（8）致富。但是，财富并不一定（9）带来快乐。其他人则认为，幸福做的东西（10）的状态 - 排名系统。因此，一个人的快乐是建立在他的良好的与他人的比较（比较）（11）。但是，由于社会不能提高其本身的相对位置（12），因此，不快乐是不可避免的（不可避免的）（13）。所以，可以说，这两种观点服务（14）更多的障碍，真正的幸福，而不是指导。 （15）为了寻求真正的幸福，我们必须改变我们内心的态度，并努力为全人类的共同利益。
Cloze 4
AIDS is a terrible disease. It poses a threat(威胁) (1) to all the human beings without caring whether you are black or white, male or female, gay or straight, young or old. But what is at risk(处于危险中) (2) now is not just the people infected(受感染的) (3) with the disease. Human civilization itself is being threatened. This is because the whole society tolerates both ignorance of and prejudice(偏见.损害) (4) against HIV or AIDS. Once diagnosed (被诊断) as HIV-positive, the victims are isolated（孤立的） (5) or treated as outcasts. They are believed to have contracted（收缩的） (6) something evil or to have entered some alien state of being. As a result, these poor people have to shelter（掩蔽） (7) the flickering（闪烁的）candle of life from the cold wind of rejection by their family members. When they die of the disease, their families dare not whisper the word AIDS. They just grieve（悲伤） (8) silently. Thus, our prejudice and silence have helped the disease along (9). Now HIV marches firmly towards AIDS in more than a million American homes, littering its pathway（途径）(10) with the bodies of the young. To guard against the disease effectively, we must take this issue (11) seriously. People should be educated to bring (12) those negative attitudes to an end. We should not see AIDS as something evil（邪恶） (13) and the patients as alien. Instead, we should concern ourselves with（涉及） (14) the prevention of the disease and render strong support (15) to the patients with more compassion. Only in this way can we have a better chance of winning the war against AIDS.
艾滋病是一种可怕的疾病。它构成威胁（威胁）（1）所有的人，不管你是黑人还是白人，男性或女性，同性恋或直，年轻的或旧的。但是，什么是风险（处于危险中）（2）现在不仅是人感染（受感染的）（3）与疾病。人类文明本身受到威胁。这是因为整个社会容忍既无知和偏见（偏见。损害）（4）防治艾滋病毒或艾滋病。一旦确诊（被诊断）为HIV阳性，受害者被隔离（孤立的）（5）和鄙视。他们被认为是收缩（收缩的）（6）邪恶的东西，或进入一些外来的存在状态。因此，这些可怜的人有住房（掩蔽）（7）闪烁（闪烁的）拒绝由家人从寒冷的风烛生活。当他们死于这种疾病，他们的家人不敢耳语字艾滋病。他们只是悲伤（悲伤）（8）提示。因此，我们的偏见和沉默已经帮助疾病以及（9）。现在，HIV游行坚定地朝着艾滋病在超过一百万的美国家庭的年轻人的尸体乱抛垃圾的途径（途径）（10）。为了防止疾病有效，我们必须考虑这个问题（11）严重。应教育人们，使那些消极的态度（12）结束。我们不应该看到的是邪恶的（邪恶）（13）的患者作为外来的艾滋病。相反，我们应该关心的（涉及）（14）预防的疾病，给患者更多的同情和给予的大力支持（15）。只有这样，我们才能有更好的机会赢得防治艾滋病的战争。
Cloze 5
Mankind hopes for a better world to live in. To this end (1), man has to confront the inevitable conflicts that the future holds in store (2). Since education plays an indispensable（必需的） (3) role in managing those conflicts, the following four pillars of education are proposed. Learning to live together calls for (4) an understanding of others and the awareness of the diversity（差异） (5), similarities and interdependence of all people so that people can implement（工具） (6) joint projects. In accordance with（和谐） (7) the global changes brought about by scientific progress, the emphasis（重点） (8) in learning to know should be put on combining（联合） (9) a broad general education and the opportunity to study a small number of subjects in depth (10). Associated with the issue of occupational training, learning to do aims to equip (11) people to cope with various situations and work in teams. The fourth pillar is learning to be, which focuses on the complete development of one's potentials when he goes after（追求） (12) an independent, critical way of thinking and judgment. Given the convenient access（接近） (13) to knowledge in the information era, everyone longs for a way to get the most out of (14) their own specific educational environment. These four interrelated pillars can help us make the best out of education and attain our future ideals.
人类希望让世界更美好的生活。要为此（1），人总是要面对不可避免的冲突，未来持有的商店（2）。由于教育起着不可缺少的（必需的）（3）管理这些冲突的作用，提出了教育的四大支柱。学会共处（4）对他人的理解和意识的差异（差异）（5），相似性和相互依存的所有的人的要求，使人们可以实现（工具）（6）联合项目。按照（和谐）（7）全球气候变化所带来的科技进步，在学习知识的重点（重点）（8）应放在（联合）（9）广泛的教育和学习的机会，一个小的深度（10）的受试者数目。职业培训的问题，学做的目的是装备，以应付各种情况和工作队（11人）。第四个支柱是学习，侧重于全面发展的潜能，当他去后（追求）（12）一个独立的，批判性的思考和判断的方式。考虑到方便（接近）（13）在信息时代的知识，每个人都渴望有一种方式来获得最（14）自己特定的教育环境。这四个相互关联的支柱，可以帮助我们把最好的教育，并实现我们未来的理想。
Cloze 6
When we are suddenly transplanted（移居） (1) abroad, we may lose the peace of mind we need for everyday work and life. All the familiar cues（提示） (2) disappear including words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms. We reject the foreign environment and slip into the tendency（倾向） (3) to believe that our culture, race and nation form the center of the world. The frustration（挫折） (4) and anxiety（焦虑） that can be attributed（把...归因于）(5) to the loss of familiar signs are symptoms of culture shock. One of the effective cures（治愈） (6) for this ailment is to know something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. We should bear in mind that we are born with the capacity（能力） (7) to learn culture and use it. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up (8) over time. It is by means of (9) culture that we learn to adapt to the physical environment and to the people with whom we associate. Therefore, it is due to (10) our own lack of understanding of other people's cultural background and of the means of communication that we can not orient（定向.指引） ourselves to (11) the host country. Another quick way to get over (12) culture shock is to know the language. Once we are equipped with the language, a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up (13) for us. We will begin to find out not only what people do and how they do things, but also what their interests are. In addition(另外) (14), it helps us to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people and sharing in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.
当我们突然间移植（移居）（1）在国外，我们可能会失去我们的日常工作和生活的需要平和的心态。所有熟悉的提示（提示）（2）消失，包括语言，手势，面部表情，海关，或规范。我们拒绝外国的环境和潜入的倾向（倾向）（3）相信，我们的文化，种族和民族，形成了世界的中心。的的挫折（挫折）（4）和焦虑（焦虑），可以归因（把...归因于）（5）的损失熟悉的标志是文化休克的症状。一个有效的治疗方法（治愈）（6）本病是知道一些关于文化的性质和个人的关系。我们应该牢记，我们生来就具有的能力（能力）（7）学习文化，并用它。对任何民族的文化是历史的产物，是建立（8）随着时间的推移。它是通过（9）文化，我们才能学会去适应的物理环境和人能与我们关联。因此，这是由于（10）我们对自己缺乏了解其他人的文化背景和通信的手段，我们不能定位（定向。指引）自己到东道国（11）。 （12）上的文化冲击中得到一个快速的方法是知道的语言。一旦我们配备的语言，开辟了一个全新的世界的文化内涵（13）我们。我们将开始寻找，不仅人们做了什么，他们是如何做到的事情，但他们的利益是什么。（另外），（14）此外，它可以帮助我们的参与者观察员参加活动的人，分享他们的反应，这是否是一个狂欢节，宗教仪式，或某种经济活动..
Cloze 7
When the first modern Olympic Games took shape(成形)(1) in 1896, the Olympic creed read, “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part(参加) (2), just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph (成功,业绩)(3), but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered (得胜,胜利)(4), but to have fought well.” The Olympic Games feature(特征) (5) competition between top athletes. To come in (6) first is a thrill(激动), to be better than your rivals is an ego massage (满足自尊), to cheer for champion (7) is a collective celebration. But the meaning of the game – the real end of our aspiration – is to be better than we are. To this end(为这目的) (8), Olympians go through a grind of training relentlessly. They squeeze in(挤出) (9) every possible minute to practise so that when their big moments come, they are ready to bring out (10) their best, especially when they realize they are competing on behalf of(以某人名义) (11) their countries. When these athletes mount(登上) (12) the podium to receive their medals, spectators keep cheering because they believe they may have just witnessed(目击者) (13)the greatest athletic – and human – achievement in history.
当了第一届现代奥运会于1896年，奥林匹克信条的形状（成形）（1）阅读，“在奥运会上最重要的不是取胜，而是参加（参加）（2），就像大多数人生重要的事情不是胜利，（成功业绩），（3），而是奋斗。本质的东西是不是征服（得胜，胜利）（4），而是奋力拼搏。“奥运功能（特征）（5）顶级运动员之间的竞争。 （6）首先是兴奋（激动），比你的竞争对手更好的自我按摩（满足自尊），为冠军欢呼（7）是一个集体的庆祝活动。但本场比赛的意义 - 真正的结束，我们的愿望 - 是比我们更。 （为这目的）（8）为此，奥运健儿坚持不懈地通过研磨的培训。 （挤出）（9）每一个可能的时刻，他们挤在实践这样的关键时刻来时，他们准备把（10）最好的，尤其是当他们意识到他们都在争夺代表（以某人名义）（11）他们的国家。当这些运动员的安装（登上）（12）讲台上获得他们的奖牌，观众欢呼，因为他们相信，他们可能刚刚目睹（目击者）（13）在历史上最伟大的运动 - 人 - 成就。