第十一周+并列句和状语从句（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）.doc

第十一周　并列句和状语从句
(一)并 列 句

一、并列连词
①At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。
②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
很高兴又见到Jenny了，但是我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。
③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都这么湿。
④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my son up, so he waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.(2014·苏州模拟)
昨天，我忘记了去接儿子，结果他在幼儿园里等了接近两个小时。
⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
你是想走还是想留？

1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。
2．表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。
4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
二、祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式
①Practise listening to English every day, and you will make progress soon.
＝If you practise listening to English every day, you will make progress soon.
每天都练习听英语，很快你就会取得进步。
②Hurry up or we will be late.
＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.
快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.
＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.
再努力些，你会成功的。

1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
2．祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。

考点一 并列连词
1．(2013·重庆高考)It's not easy to change habits, ________ with awareness and self­control, it is possible.
A．for　　　　　　　　　　 B．or
C．but D．so
解析：选C　句意：改变习惯不容易，但是只要有意识和自控力，改变是可能的。由前后分句的意义可知，此处表示转折关系，故用but。
2．(2013·北京高考)Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, ________ you could have problems.
A．or B．and
C．but D．so
解析：选A　句意：在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑，否则可能会出现问题。此处or表示“否则”。
3．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails.
A．since B．if
C．as D．while
解析：选D　句意：我们无法得知，为什么一个人有重大发现，而另一个人，也很聪明，却失败了。根据句意可知，空处前后为对比关系，故应用while，表示“而，但是”。

考点二 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise ...
4．(2013·上海高考)________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.
A．To look B．Looking
C．Having looked D．Look
解析：选D　分析句子结构可知，此处是固定句型“祈使句＋连词(如and, or ...)＋陈述句”，故D项正确。
5．(2011·辽宁高考)Bring the flowers into a warm room ________ they'll soon open.
A．or B．and
C．but D．for
解析：选B　句意：将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。根据句意可知此处表示顺承关系，故用and连接。注意此句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。

(二)状 语 从 句

一、时间状语从句
1．when, while, as
①Nancy enjoyed herself so much when she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
南希去年去悉尼看望她的朋友时玩得很开心。
②I want the girls to experience that while they are young.
我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。
③As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。
④When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。

(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，(一边……)”或“随着……”。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
2．when的特殊用法
①I was about to call Tom up when he came to my house.
我正想给汤姆打电话，这时他来我家了。
②We were having a class in the classroom when a big explosion came.
我们正在教室里上课，这时传来了一声巨大的爆炸声。
③He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.
他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。

when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：

when还可表原因，意为“既然”。
3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达
①The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.
我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考)
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
④I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。

(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once(一……就……)
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一……就……”。
(2)no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
4．before与since
①You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013·湖南高考)
在做任何决定之前，你必须学会顾及自己的情感和理智。
②John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.(2010·陕西高考)
约翰认为他不久就会为他的新工作做好准备。
③It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.(2014·山西四校模拟)
几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。
④As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011·四川高考)
据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。

(1)before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前”。
(2)It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“多久之后才……”。
(3)It won't be long before ...“不久之后就……”。
(4)It was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了多久才……”。
(5)It is＋一段时间＋since ...“自从……多久了”。
5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表达
①Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来这里的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。
③The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。

every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
6．till, until和not ... until
①Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?
这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？
②I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个小时以上的时候，我才会告诉他答案。

(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
(2)not ... until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。
二、地点状语从句
①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (2012·山东高考)
很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。
②Where there's a will, there's a way.
有志者事竟成。
③Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。

1．地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
三、条件状语从句
①She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.(2013·江西高考)
她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。
②You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.(2012·江西高考)
只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。
③You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank.
只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。
④Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？

引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(＝if ... not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。
四、让步状语从句
①Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。
②However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.(2012·湖南高考)
不论你怎么努力，你如果不减少进食的量就很难减肥。
③Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it to be valuable.
他们很多人不听他的意见，尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。
④Much as I like it, I won't buy it.
虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的。
⑤While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A．(2012·湖南高考)
虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。

引导让步状语从句的连词有：
1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。
2．whether ... or ...(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋­ever(不管……；无论)，如whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等；no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。
3．as或though引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序。
4．从属连词while, when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
五、原因状语从句
①—Mum, could I go out to play now?
—Let me see ... Yes, since you have finished all your school assignments.
——妈妈，现在我可以出去玩吗？
——让我想想，是的，既然你已经把所有的学习任务完成了。
②Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.
既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。
③Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.
鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道了。

引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然), now that, seeing that, considering that(考虑到)。
六、方式状语从句
①The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。
②Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.
告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。
③The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。

引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
七、结果状语从句
①Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。
②It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
③He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。
④He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
→He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。

1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so ... that ..., such ... that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ... that ..., such ... that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：

2．当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such ... as to ...
八、目的状语从句
①When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.
他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。
②The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。
③Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.
带上雨衣以防下雨。

引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)/lest等。
1．in order that, so that
两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。
2．for fear that, in case (that)
引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。

考点一 时间状语从句
1．(2013·陕西高考)I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad.
A．since　　　　　　　　　　 B．until
C．before D．when
解析：选A　句意：自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。since“自从”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。
2．(2013·安徽高考)It's much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.
A．unless B．when
C．even though D．so that
解析：选B　句意：当你们有相似的兴趣爱好时，你们会更容易成为朋友。本题需要根据句意和前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系来判断使用哪个关联词。unless“除非”，表示条件；when表示时间，有时也表示条件；even though“即使”，表示让步；so that“以便，因此”，表示目的或结果。

考点二 地点状语从句
3．(2012·四川高考)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
A．why B．where
C．who D．what
解析：选B　where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点。后半句句意：你最好待在你现在所在的地方等待帮助。故选B。

考点三 条件状语从句
4．(2013·重庆高考)________ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.
A．Once B．As long as
C．Unless D．Since
解析：选C　句意：除非有足够的证据，否则我们就不能胜诉。unless“除非”；once“一旦”；as long as“只要”；since“既然”。根据句意可知C项正确。
5．(2010·江西高考)—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it? Well, that doesn't matter ________ you enjoyed yourselves.
A．as long as B．unless
C．as soon as D．though
解析：选A　由对话语境可知，空格后的一句是空格前一句的前提条件。故A项意思相符。as long as“只要”。

考点四 让步状语从句
6．(2013·江苏高考)In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A．whatever B．whoever
C．wherever D．whichever
解析：选C　分析句子结构可知，“________ it is discovered”为状语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，因此选wherever“无论在哪里”，引导让步状语从句。
7．(2013·辽宁高考)One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________ full one's schedule is in life.
A．how B．what
C．when D．where
解析：选A　句意：一个人不论他生活中的日程有多么满，总是能设法做更多的事情。空后面的full是形容词，所以应该用how修饰，no matter how引导让步状语从句。

考点五 原因状语从句
8．(2013·山东高考)Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A．unless B．until
C．although D．since
解析：选D　句意：马克需要学汉语，因为他的公司在北京开了一个分公司。根据句意可知，此处应选since“因为”，故D项正确。
9．(2012·重庆高考)—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can't ________ you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A．until B．before
C．as D．unless
解析：选C　根据句意“教练，我可以继续训练吗？”“很抱歉，不可以，因为你的膝盖受伤还没有恢复过来”可知，此处应用引导原因状语从句的连接词as。故选C项。

考点六 方式状语从句
10．(2011·湖南高考)Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever.
A．as if B．in case
C．while D．though
解析：选A　 句意：Jack 什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。as if 意为“似乎，好像”， 引导方式状语从句。

1．(2014·盐城中学月考)—I thought he hated the TV.
—You are right, ________ he still watches the program.
A．yet B．besides
C．also D．then
解析：选A　句意：“我原以为他厌恶电视。”“你说的对，可是他还是看这个节目。”根据句意可知，yet“可是，然而”正确。
2．(2014·苏州实验中学测试)You can help your body by drinking water when you're thirsty ________ drinking extra water when it's hot out.
A．but B．while
C．or D．and
解析：选D　句意：当你口渴时可以喝水，这样可以保持身体健康，并且当外面很热时可以多喝水。分析句子结构及句意可知所填连词表示顺承关系，故选D。
3．(2014·吉林长春第二次调研)Stand over there, ________ you won't be able to see it more clearly.
A．if B．but
C．or D．and
解析：选C　句意：站在那里，否则你不能更清楚地看到它。此处考查固定句型：祈使句＋and/or＋主语＋will＋其他。另外，根据句意可知，前后为转折关系，故C项正确。
4．(2014·安庆二中月考)I'd love to find a job combining my major and interest upon graduation ________ I can fully develop my potential.
A．so that B．as though
C．in case D．even if
解析：选A　so that“以便，为了”，引导目的和结果状语从句；as though“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句；in case“万一，以防”，引导目的状语从句；even if“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。A项符合句意。
5．(2014·常州检测)—They say you are going to Hawaii for summer vacation.
—Well, ________ I can get my visa.
A．as far as B．so long as
C．now that D．even if
解析：选B　句意：“他们说你要去夏威夷过暑假。”“嗯，只要我能拿到签证。”根据句意可知，空处表示“只要”，故选so long as。
6．I think you should complain — ________， of course, you are happy with the way things are.
A．if B．unless
C．as D．because
解析：选B　句意：我认为你应该抱怨——当然，除非你对现状满意。unless“除非”。
7．(2014·江西师大附中、鹰潭一中联考)All the soldiers were placed exactly ________ the local government wanted them for the control of the comeback of the flood.
A．while B．when
C．where D．though
解析：选C　分析句子成分后可知，在状语从句“________ the local government wanted them”中缺少地点状语，故用where引导地点状语从句。
8．(2014·芜湖一中月考)You'd better take down all the key points ________ the memory is still fresh in your mind.
A．unless B．while
C．before D．until
解析：选B　句意：趁着你脑海中的记忆依然清晰，你最好把所有的重点记下来。根据句意可知，应选while，表示“当……的时候，趁着”。
9．(2014·苏南五校联考)Some economists predict that the dollar will remain weak ________ economies abroad are expected to grow faster than that of the United States.
A．as B．unless
C．before D．until
解析：选A　句意：一些经济学家预言美元将会持续疲软，因为国外的经济增长预计会比美国经济增长更快。分析句意可知应用as，表示“因为，由于”。
10．(2014·临川一中模考)—How did you pass the challenging test?
—It was a long time ________ I found a series of suitable methods.
A．when B．until
C．since D．before
解析：选D　句意：“你是怎么通过这么有挑战性的考试的？”“我过了很长时间后才找到一系列合适的办法。”分析句意可知，这是“It was＋时间＋before从句”句型，主句为肯定句，意为“过了多长时间之后才……”，before“在……以前”。