英语语法：冠词.doc

初中英语语法大全：冠词

冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a（an）和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
I 不定冠词
We need an apple and a knife. 
我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。
1.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式，a用于辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的词前。an用于元音（不是元音字母）开头的词前。
a boy,  a university,  a European country
u是元音字母，但发音是[U(]，是辅音。
an hour ，an honor ，an island
h是辅音字母，但它不发音，它的音标是是元音。
an elephant， an umbrella， an egg
2（1）不定冠词的用法
　①泛指—类人或物。
eg. This is a pencil case.
　②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg. I met an old man On my way home.
　③用在序数词前,相当于another.
eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.
④表示“每—（个）”,相当于every.
eg. They have music lessons twice a week.
必背！
give a lesson                      take a bath                    have a rest
教（一堂）课                    洗（个）澡                       休息
have a talk                         have a fever                   have a good time
听报告                                发烧                                 过得愉快
have（take）a walk          have a headache           have a nice trip
散步                               头疼                             旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a／an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo
（2）不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg, a bike, an egg
②当名词被such, what, many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is！
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
③当名词前的形容词前有so, how, too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is！
④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时，不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story.