译林牛津模块五语法教学(教师版).doc

非谓语动词讲练（教师版）
第一课时
（一）非谓语动词的句法功能： 充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分
成分类别
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
不定式[(to)+ v]
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√
√
√
√
√
动名词 [Ｖ-ing]
√
√
√
√

现在分词[Ｖ-ing]
过去分词[Ｖ-ed]

√
√
√
√

（二）非谓语动词的分类，意义，构成：
非谓语形式
构成
特征和作用
时态和语态
否定式
复合结构
不定式
to do
to have done
to be doing
to have been doing
to be done
to have been done
在非谓语前加not或never
特别注意：
not having done;
one’s not doing / one’s not having done
for sb. to do sth.

of sb. to do sth.
具有名词，副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语
动名词
doing
having done
being done
having been done
sb. / sb’s doing
作主语仅用sb’s doing
具有名词的作用;在句中做主、宾、定和表语
分词
现在分词
doing
having done
being done
having been done

具有副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语
过去分词
done

（三）非谓语动词的考点：
Ⅰ、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别：
一个单句只能有一个谓语，两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性；不用 and 连接时，只能用非谓语动词。如：
1.“Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。
2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. （04上海春季）
A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。
Ⅱ、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题：
第一 是并行结构问题 ，即主表一致性
如：Seeing is believing.
第二 需要注意的一些结构：
A) It’s no use (no good) doing sth.
如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .
B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：
It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary…) + for sb. to do
It’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do
Ⅲ、非谓语动词作表语
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. (99 N)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。
注意两个问题:
一是并行结构问题 To see is to believe
二是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的（aim, purpose）、愿望(wish, hope)、梦想(dream)、需求(need)”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。
My job is teaching.
My dream of life is to become a scientist.
另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。
现在分词说明主语所具有的特征：The speech was inspiring.
过去分词多表示主语所处的状态：The students were greatly inspired.
Ⅳ、非谓语动词作定语
位置：单个分词做定语可放在名词前，其余均放在名词后。
Do you know the student seated /sitting at the back of the classroom?
Have you read the news referring to house prices?
the concerned parents 忧心的家长
the parents concerned 相关的家长
高考题点击：
1. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海）
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修主语 flowers。
2. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night. （04江苏）
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。
3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (2000 北京春季)
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。
非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：
A) 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；a sleeping child,
B) 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；a sleeping bag,
C) 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：
在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；
由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；如：
I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.
He is always the first / the last one to leave the office.
D) 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：
done 表示已经完成的动作：meeting held已经召开的会议
to be done 表示尚未开始的动作：a meeting to be held 即将召开的会议
being done 表示正在进行之中的动作：a meeting being held 正在召开的会议
Ⅴ 、非谓语动词作宾语注意点
1. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden? (93 N)
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
介词的宾语一般都用动名词
2. I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. （2005天津）
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job. (2000 N)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；
注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。
注意3：在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth.
例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.
4. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. (01 上海)
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit advocate(提倡)　appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape 　excuse　 prevent finish imagine mind miss practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow permit forbid advise
可以用以下口诀进行记忆：
背景为你刚到一个新的单位。
避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，想象训练冒险，不禁介意空想，
建议考虑逃亡。
但如果在 allow permit forbid advise后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。如：allow sb to do sth
在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。
如：want doing = want to be done
5. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that. (95 N)
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______（2005北京）
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. (02 上海春季)
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
特别注意：
带不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop
stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）
remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）
try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力）
try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）
mean to do（打算做，企图做）
mean doing （意识是，意味着）
go on to do（接着做另外一件事）
go on doing（接着做同一件事）
can’t help (to) do （不能帮忙做）
can’t help doing （忍不住要做）
要特别注意to的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式to。
8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季)
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
9. --- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
--- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____by the customers. (02 北京)
A. to solving … making B. to solving … made C. to solve … making D. to solve … made
要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，
look forward to，pay attention to, get down to，contribute to, lead to 等
非谓语动词（教师版）
第二课时
用动词的适当形式填空：
1.The young couple seated/sitting (seat/ sit) in front of me kept on talking during the film.
2.No one can stand being treated (treat) like this. He is so rude.
3.What will you do when you feel betrayed (betray) by your friend?
4.The flowers smelling (smell) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
5. I don’t want to sound(sound) like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
6. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job.
7. How about the two of us taking(take) a walk down the garden?
8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting (set) up some schools for poor children.
9. They are accustomed to not talking (not talk) at meals.
10.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not moving (move), and asked myself what I was going to do.
11. What do you think of the meeting held(held) yesterday.
12. The purpose of the activity is to teach(teach) the students how to cooperate with their teammates.
13. Women were forbidden to vote(vote) in that country by law.
14. The problem requires considering/to be considered(consider) again.
15. 判断正误：
Having not realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
Not having realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
Ⅵ 、非谓语动词作宾（主）补
做宾补的非 谓 语
常 见 动 词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
不定式
ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage sb.to do sth.
主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。
The teacher encouraged me to work hard.
have(让), notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make sb. do sth.
I heard him call me several times.
Who would you like to have do the experiment?
现在分词
notice, see, watch, hear, find, have(让), feel, keep, leave sb/sth doing/done
主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成
I found her listening to the radio.
He has the machine running all the time.
I won’t have my students cheating in the exam. (否定句中表“容忍”)
过去分词
动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态
We found the village greatly changed.
She was surprised that the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.
感官动词的宾语补足语(参看预习单)
I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听到她唱了一首英文歌。
(sing 是不带to 的不定式，做宾补，表主动、完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.昨天经过她的房间的时候，我听见她在唱英文歌。
（singing 是现在分词一般主动式作宾补，表主动，正在进行）
I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day. 几天前我听到一个小女孩唱了一首英文歌。
（sung 是过去分词作宾补，表被动、完成）
★改为被动结构时只有①中的非谓语动词需要改变.
She was heard to sing an English song at the party.
使役动词的宾语补足语
1) make/let/have + 宾语 + do (但是 get + 宾语+ to do) (使/ 让/ 叫 某人去做某事);
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些盐。
You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you. 你可以让你的儿子帮你被这个重箱子。
2) have + 宾语 + doing 使/让…… 持续地做某事；（疑问句、否定句）容忍，允许
get + 宾语 + doing 使/让…… 开始行动起来
His question got the students thinking. 他的问题使学生们思考起来。
I won’t have you walking home all by yourself. 我不会让你独自走回家的。
3) have/get /make+ 宾语 + done 使/让/ 叫…某事由别人去做；
have sth done 还表示“使遭受”；
I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得（请人）修一下我的自行车。
Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。
提别提醒：被动语态中，不定式做主语补足语时to 一定要加上。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.
4) leave/keep + 宾语+ doing 使… 保持某种状态
leave + 宾语 + undone 留下某事未做；
leave + 宾语 + to do / to be done 留下… 要去做/要被做
The guest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。（被动、完成）
It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动、进行）
He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.
他去看电影了，留下我一个人去做剩余的所有的工作。（主动、将来）
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆忙忙结束了会议，留下许多问题等待解决（被动、将来）
5) “主语 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered等 + 不定式”，这个结构中的不定式做主语补足语。
He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.据说他出国了。
He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 他被认为是我们班最勤奋的学生。
6) 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补。
1. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.(95 N)
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
使役动词 make sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后，则应为：be
made to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。
2. A computer does only what thinking people _____. (99 上海)
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用 …people have a computer do …这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构：
have sb. / sth. do… ; have sb. / sth. done …;
have sb. / sth. doing …; have (有) sb. / sth. to do /to be done
3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____ the next year. (2000 N)
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
that 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾
语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注
意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。
4. The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river. (94 N)
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
感官动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。
特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补。
5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. (95 N)
A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to
为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。
如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, I’d like to.
I’m sorry if I hurt you, but I didn’t mean to.
但be、have (助动词)不可省
如：China is no longer what it used to be.
He hasn’t finished the job, but he ought to have.
非谓语动词（教师版）
第三课时
Revision
1. Mother got me to buy some salt.
2. I won’t have you speaking to your mother like that.
3. Tom had his legs hurt while playing football.
4. He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.
5. A computer does only what thinking people have it do.
6. He hasn’t finished the job, but he ought to have
7. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
8. I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day.
Ⅶ、非谓语动词作状语（参看预习单）
一、不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等, 还可以用早某些作表语的形容词后面作原因状语。
I stayed there to see what would happen. 他待在那里，想看看会发生什么。（目的）
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。（结果）
I am very glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。（原因）
She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了那项工作。（结果）
二、分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。如：
Being sick, I stayed at home. 我因为生病待在家中。（原因）
Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice.
带专家们转了我们的学校后，他们给我们的校长提出了一些建议。（时间）
United, we stand; divided, we fell. 团结则存，分裂则亡。（条件）
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it .
那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（结果）
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。(伴随)
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
告诉他多次，他还是犯同样的错误。（让步）
三、注意点：
1.非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，构成主动或被动关系。
Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.（错误）
Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
2.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。如：
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时小心。
3.有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况或原因。
With all the work finished, he happily went home. 工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。
4.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：
The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 年轻人冲进屋，满脸是汗。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们还是延期开会吧。
Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out.
It being Sunday today, the library doesn’t open.
=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesn’t open.
5、某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构或悬垂分词。 这些结构有：
adv. (generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly …) + speaking, …
judging from / by… 从… …判断
considering … / taking…into consideration
supposing /providing / provided that …假如
given sth./ that… 假如，考虑到… …
例如：Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.
Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all.
6、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分
To make things/matters even worse
To begin with
To tell you the truth
To be honest/