中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致.doc

中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致
主谓一致的原则有三个：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
◆一 语法一致
语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：
①My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下。
②These books are old .这些书是旧的。
1. and和both…and连接两个或三个名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
①Mike and John are good friends .迈克和约翰是好朋友。
②Both bread and milk are good for you .面包和牛奶对你都有好处。
2. 主语后接with , as well as , including , besides , except , but等词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。
①He with his parents is working in the fields .他正和他的父母在地里干活。
②She as well as other students likes playing computer games.她和其他学生一样，也喜欢玩电脑游戏。
3. 当主语前有every . each . either. neither修饰或each . either. Neither作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：
①Every minute is important to us . 每分钟对我们都很重要。
②Each student has a book .每一个学生都有一本书。
③Each of the girls has a big apple in their hands .每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果。
④Either answer is correct .两个答案都是正确的。
4. 不定代词either , neither , each one , the other , another , anybody , anything , someone , nobody , nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
①Somebody is waiting for you outside .有人在外面等你。
②Is everybody here today ?今天大家都到齐了吗？
5. “a number of + 名词复数” （许多、一些）= many 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
“the number of + 名词复数”（…的数量）作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 如：
①A number of trees are cut down .许多树被砍伐。
②The number of students in our class is 45 .我们班的学生数目是45。
6. a lot of (lots of) / plenty of +名词作主语时，谓语动词由of后的名词的单复数决定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是名词复数，谓语动词用复数。如：
①Most of time is used for playing computer games .大部分时间用来玩电脑游戏。
②Plenty of workers are working .许多工人正在工作。
7. 不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
①Learning English is necessary for us .学英语对于我们来说是有必要的。
②To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous .在加油站附近玩火很危险。
◆二 意义一致
意义一致就是根据句子主语意义上的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数。
1. and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing .那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。
2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的名词复数作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：
①Ten years has passed quickly .10年很快就过去了。
②Ten dollars is enough .10美元就够了。
③100 kilometers is a long way .100公里是一段很长的路。
3. 集体名词（如family / class等）如果表示集体概念，则谓语动词必须用单数形式，如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词必须用复数形式。如：
①My family is a small one with three people .我家是一个有着三口人的小家庭。
②My family all like classical music .我的家人都喜欢古典音乐。
4. 加、减、乘、除运算中的谓语动词用单数。如：
①Two and two is four .2加2 等于4.
②Six times two is twelve .6乘2等于12.
5. “one and a half +名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
One and a half pears is left on the plate .一个半梨被留在盘子里。
6. “the +形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。如：
The sick are taken good care of .病人得到了很好的照顾。
◆三 就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与它最近的主语保持一致。
1. 由either … or , neither … nor , not only … but also , not … but或or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词在数上与最邻近它的主语保持一致。如：
①Not only Lily but also Jack has gone to beijing .不仅莉莉去了北京，杰克也去了北京。
②Not you ,but I am wrong .不是你，而是我错了。
③Either my father or my brother is coming .我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。
2. There be或Here be后面接并列的名词时，谓语动词在数上应与最邻近的名词保持一致。如：
①There is a pen and two pencils on the desk .课桌上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
②Here are some flowers and a card for you .这是给你的一些花和一张卡片。
练习：
一、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. ______ (be) everything OK?
2. Nobody ______ (know) the answer to the question.
3. Not only she but also I ______ (do) morning exercises every day.
4. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision.
5. The family ______(be) spending the weekend together .
6. Bread and butter _____ (be) her daily breakfast.
7. All of the work ______ (be) finished.
8. The old _____ (be) well looked after here.
9. - How much _____ (be) the shoes?
- Five dollars _____ (be) enough.
10. Neither Jim nor his parents _____ (live) in China.
11. Talking loudly in public _____ (be) impolite.
12. Three hours _____ (be) quite a long time for the students to play computer games every day.
13. Everything _____ (begin) to grow fast in spring.
14. Tom with his friends often _____ (go) skating on weekends.
二、 单项选择
1. There _____ a pencil and some books on the desk.
A. has B. are C. is
2. Nobody except you _____ late for the meeting yesterday afternoon.
A. is B. were C. was
3. As we all know, the Japanese _____ Japanese.
A. speak B. spoke C. speaks
4. Kate as well as most girls _____ wearing beautiful clothes, but her family _____ very poor.
A. like; is B. likes; is C. likes; are
5. – My shoes _____ worn out .Can you buy me a new pair?
- Oh, look ! There _____ a pair of new shoes that I bought for you.
A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is
6. Doing eye exercises _____ good for our eyes.
A. is B. are C. be
7. Are there any _____ on the farm?
A. sheep B. duck C. horse
8. There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.
A. was B. are C. is
9. Both John and Mary _____ interesting in skating.
A. is B. are C. were
10. Each of the students _____ a computer in our class.
A. have B. has C. there is
11. All of my money _____ stolen last night.
A. has B. is C. was
12. The police _____ for the lost child on the hill now.
A. looks B. is looking C. are looking
13.Three kilometers _____ a long way. You’d better take a taxi.
A. is B. are C. was
14. Every girl and every boy _____ in new clothes today.
A. are B. is C. were
15. The Blacks _____ getting ready for their holiday.
A. is B. are C. be
16. The musician and writer _____ to visit our school.
A. is coming B. are coming C. enjoy
17. The headmaster as well as all the teachers _____．
A. have gone to the museum B. are having a meeting C. is planting trees on the hill
18. Two thirds of them _____ Young Pioneers.
A. was B. is C. are
答案：CCABB AACBB CCABB ACC
中 考 语 法 专 项 复 习
——特殊句型
◆一 虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等，所表示的不是客观存在的现实。它主要用于if条件状语从句。
2. if条件状语从句 真实条件从句（假设条件可以实现）
非真实条件从句（不能实现的假设）
3. 与现在事实相反的假设
结构：If +主语+动词过去式（be用were），主语+ would (should / could / might) +动词原形 如：
① If I won a million dollars , I would give it to charities .如果我中了一百万，我会把它捐慈善机给构。
② If I were you , I would take that job . 我要是你，我就接受那份工作。
4. 与过去事实相反的假设
结构：If +主语+ had +过去分词，主语+ would (should / could / might) + have +过去分词 如：
① If you had taken my advice , you wouldn’t have failed .如果你接受我的建议，你就不会失败了。
② If I had know that earlier, I wouldn’t have done it .如果我早点儿知道那件事的话，我就不会去做它了。
◆二 倒装句
英语中最基本的语序是“主语+谓语”，但有时为了表达的需要，会改变这种基本的语序，而把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这叫倒装。
1. 大部分疑问句使用了倒装语序
①Where are you from ?你是哪里人？
②What did she do with the bike ?她是怎样处理那辆自行车的？
2. 以here或there开头的句子常用倒装语序
以here或there开头的句子，若后面的主语为名词（词组），主谓要倒装。如：
①There is a boy standing in front of the school gate .有一个男孩正站在学校的大门前。
②Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 ③There goes the bell .铃响了。
※ 以here或there开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不能倒装。如：Here you are .给你。
3. 由so引起的倒装句
在前面陈述的肯定情况也适用于另一者时，通常用由so引起的倒装句，即“so + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”表示“另一者也如此”。如：
①You are a student . So am I. 你是一名学生，我也是。
②You usually go to school by bike , and so does he .你通常骑自行车去上学，他也是。
③I can fly a kite , and so can she .我会放风筝，她也会。
※ 若对前面所说的事实加以肯定，则用“so +主语 +be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示“的确如此”。这两个句子的主语指的是同一人或同一物。如：
①-He likes English .他喜欢英语。 ②-It’s a cloudy day today .今天是个阴天。
-So he does .他的确喜欢英语。 -So it is .的确如此。
4. 由neither / nor引起的倒装句
在前面陈述的否定情况也适用于另一者时，通常用由neither / nor引起的倒装句，即“neither / nor + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”表示“另一者也不如此”。如：
①I haven’t bought a new pen , and neither/nor has Lucy .我没买新钢笔，露西也没买。
②She doesn’t like tea .Neither / nor do I .她不喜欢喝茶，我也不喜欢。
◆三 省略句
句子应该具备的成分，有时为了使语言简洁，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫省略句。省略句能表达完整的意义。初中阶段接触的省略句主要有以下几种：简单句的省略、并列句的省略、复合句的省略。
1. 简单句的省略
① –How are you , Mike ? 迈克，你好吗？
- Fine, Thank you. 很好，谢谢你。
② – Is this pen yours ? 这支钢笔是你的吗？
- No, it’s not mine. It’s Lily’s (pen). 不，不是我的。那时莉莉的。
③ – Would you like to go out with us this afternoon ? 今天下午你愿意和我们一起出去吗？
- Yes, I’d like / love to (go out with you this afternoon). 是的，我愿意。
2. 并列句的省略
④ She was poor but (she was) honest . 她虽然穷，但很诚实。
⑤ Peter ate an egg and (Peter) drank a cup of milk .皮特吃了一个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。
3. 复合句的省略
⑥ (I am) Sorry that I am late .对不起，我迟到了。
⑦ Please pass me a book , I don’t care which (you pass me) .递给我一本书，我不在乎给我哪一本。
⑧ - Will Tom come here ?汤姆会来这儿吗？
- Yes, he will. But I don’t know when (he will come) .是的，他会。但我不知道他什么时候来。
※ 由which / when / where / how / why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。
⑨ – Do you think it will rain ?你认为会下雨吗？
- I hope not / that it will not rain .我希望不会。
⑩ – Can you come to the party tomorrow evening ?明天晚上你会来参加聚会吗？
- I think so / that I can come to the party tomorrow evening .我想能来。
※ 用I’m afraid / I think / I believe / I hope / I guess等作答时，其后的宾语从句常省略。如果从句是肯定句，则用so代替；如果从句是否定句，则用not代替。
练习：
一、单项选择
1. –Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in NBA.
-_____ , and _____.
A. So is he; so is Kobe B. So he is; so is Kobe C. So is he; so Kobe is
2. Look, here _____ the bus .
A .are coming B. come C. comes
3. –Would you like to go fishing?
-If Li Ping doesn’t go, _____ .
A . so do I B. neither will I C. neither do I
4. -Is it going to rain this afternoon?
-_____ . I want to go swimming with my classmates.
A .I hope not B. I hope so C. I think so
5. –I’m very tired and thirsty.
-_____
A . What about some orange? B. Why not? C. That’s nothing.
6. –Bring your homework to school tomorrow.
-OK , _____ .
A . I do B. I will C. I don’t
7. –I’m going to Emeishan for vacation.
-_____
A . Great! B. You’re lucky! C. Enjoy yourself!
8. –Would you like to come to my birthday party?
-Yes, _____ .
A . I’d like B. I’d like to C. very much
9. He ran faster than I _____ in the 400-meter race.
A . did B. do C. am
10. -Nice to meet you, Miss Wang.
-_____
A . Me, too. B. Really? C. I, too.
答案：BCBAA BCBAA
二、翻译句子，每空一词
1. 如果我是你，我就会竭尽全力地学好英语。
If I ____ you, I _____ try my best to learn English well.
2. 这儿有一些给你的礼物。
Here _____ some gifts _____ you.
3. –格林先生生病住院了吗？ -Is Mr. Green in hospital?
–恐怕如此。 -I’m _____ _____ .