必修四三单元导学案.doc

必修四第三单元导学 A taste of English humor
一：核心短语—汉译英
1. 直到现在_______________ 2 对。。满足、满意 _______________
3. 穷的；缺少的______________ 4 挑出；辨别出 __________________
5 切断；断绝__________________ 6 主演 __________________________
7 寻找 ____________________ 8 对….挑剔 _____________________
9 破门而入 _______________ 10 突然。。。起来 _________________
二：英翻汉
1 be content to do sth _____________ 2. be content with________________
3 in the direct of __________ 4 convince sb. of sth ______________
5 be convinced of_____________________ 6 in a whisper__________________
7 badly off…___________________ 8 well off______________________
9 to make matters worse ________________ 10 pick up_____________________
11. pick one’s pocket __________________
三：核心句式
1. As Victor Hugo said,“laughter is the sun.”
As 与which 的区别
As位置灵活，可在句首或句中；which 只能在句中。As通常有正如的意思。
As we all know, the earth is round.
He failed the exam, which made his parents very angry.
2. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.
doing现在分词短语作结果状语；表示自然而然的结果；而不定式to do作结果状语表示意想不到的结果。如：The earthquake hit the area, making many people homeless.
He arrived at the airport in a hurry, only to find the plane had left.
3. By his teens, Charlie had become one of the most popular child actors.
By 通常与完成时搭配；到….为止； 如
By next week，we ______ our plan.
A. will have finished B will finish C have finished
四：单元语法---- V.ing 作表语；定语；宾补。
注意：现在分词做表语；定语；状语；补语； 动名词做主语；宾语；表语；定语。
表语，My job is teaching English.// Teaching English is my job.动名词
My job is exciting/interesting/ inspiring/ boring. 现在分词
1. 作定语
a sleeping boy falling leaves a swimming boy 现在分词表性质和状态。
而 a swimming pool a walking stick 动名词表用途。
The boy standing under the tree is Tom.
The problem being discussed now is important.
2. 宾补----只能是现在分词; 不可以是动名词
如;she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.
现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为：主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)使用此结构要特别注意：句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点
一：感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行例如：
He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活
分析：He在句子中做主语，saw作谓语，her作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子，working in the garden 宾语补足语
I heard a bell ringing. 我听见铃在响
I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感觉到风吹着我的脸
高中范围内，适用于感官动词+宾语+现在分词的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有：feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等
在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)例如：
Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管
She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里
二：使役动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语例如：
His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思
分析：His question在句子中做主语，has set作谓语，me作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子，thinking做宾语补足语
The arrival of the police sent the robbers running away quickly.警察的到来使强盗们四处逃窜
The farmers had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.农忙时，农民让拖拉机夜以继日地干活
The captain got the soldiers moving towards the front after a short rest.休息片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来
高中范围内，适用于使役动词+宾语+现在分词的结构，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语常用的动词有：get，have，keep，leave，send，set等
三：上述两种结构可变为被动形式例如：
He was found lying on the floor.有人发现他躺在地上
分析：He在句子中做主语，was found作谓语，使用了被动语态，lying on the floor做宾语补足语请看下面的句子，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语
He was seen sitting in a café.有人看见他坐在一家咖啡馆里
The papers were left lying around.文件散落了一地
四 ：现在分词，不定式作宾语补足语的区别
feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等感官动词，既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带to的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成试比较下面句子：
He saw her working in the garden. (She was working in the garden.) 他看见她在花园里干活
He saw her enter the room. (She entered the room.) 他看见她走进屋子
使役动词get，have既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不定式作宾语补足语get sb to do/have sb do sth表示使/让/叫某人去做某事，侧重动作的结果；have sb/sth doing表示使/让某人/物持续地做某事，侧重动作的持续；get sb/sth doing表示使某人/物开始行动起来，侧重动作的开始试比较下面的句子：
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 母亲让我到商店买一些盐
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me. 我不能使他戒烟他不听我的话
The mother had the boy cleaning the room the whole afternoon. (母亲让这个男孩整个下午清理房间)
I can’t get the car starting. (我不能把车发动起来)
五：现在分词有时用被动形式作宾语补足语，其结构为动词+宾语+being done例如：
I saw him being carried away on a stretcher.我看见他被人用担架抬走
分析：I在句子中做主语，saw作谓语，him作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语
One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there.你可以听到那里在谈论的问题五花八门，无所不有
高中范围内，适用于动词+宾语+being done的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有：feel，find，hear，notice，see，watch等
1.---Why did you go back to the shop？
---I left my friend ________ there. (2002上海)
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.(2003北京春)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
3. He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004北京春)
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
4. Don’t leave the water ___ while you brush your teeth.(2004天津)
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

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