不定代词讲解(初中英语语法).docx

不定代词
㈠ some 的用法
(1)some 通常指不定数量“一些”修饰代替可数名词复数或不可数名词，即可以指人，又可以指物。常用在肯定句中。
e.g. He has some Chinese paintings.
Some like sports, others like music.
(2)some 也可以用在表示“请求，建议，反问”的句子中，期待得到对方的肯定回答。
e.g. Would you like some coffee?
Didn’t he give you some books?
(3) some 有时可以修饰单数可数名词，表示“某个”
e.g. This morning, some boy asked for you.
There must be some reason for what he’s done.
(4) some 也可以修饰数词，表示“大约”
e.g. It took me some twenty days to get there.

㈡ any 的用法
(1)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”，修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词，既可指人又可指物。但一般用在否定句、疑问句，条件从句中。
e.g. Ask me if you have any questions?
Do you have any questions to ask?
I don't know any of the students.
Do you have any questions? If you have any, don' t hesitate to ask me.
There isn't any tea left. I'll go and make some for you.
(2)用于肯定句中，表示“任何—个”，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。
e.g. I don't know any of you.
Any child can answer that question.

㈢ no的用法
(1)不定代词no只有形容词性质．—般作定浯来构成否定句，表示“不是”、“没有"’。
(2)用于警告、命令等。
e.g. No Parking!
(3)修饰表语时，有特殊的意思。试比较：
e.g. I am no teacher．
I am not a teacher．

㈣none的用法
none只具有名词性质，可以代替人和事物，表示“三者(以上)都不”，“没有一个人(一件事物)。做主语时，如果谈到的是所有人的情况，动词多用复数形式；如果谈每个人的状况，则多用单数形式。它在句中还可充当同位语。
e.g. None of us are / is afraid of difficulties.
None of them has a bike.
None of the machines is/ are working.
We none of us can sing this song.

none和neither的区别
none表示“在三个或三个以上当中，没有人或物..." 而neither指“在两个当中，没有人或物”。
e.g. None of the students has ever read the book．
Neither of my parents has ever read me book．

㈤ both的用法
both 的意思是“两个都”, 具有名词和形容词的性质，可做主语、宾语、同位语和定语。做主语时谓语动词用复数
e.g. Both would like to have a try.
Both are very honest.
We asked both to put forward their suggestions.
These two pictures are very beautiful. I like both.
Give us some bread. We both want to try a bit.
They both skate well.
You can take both of them.
Both men were interested in the job.

a． both后常跟of短语，of+名词，代词(复数)，接复数名词时of常省略，接复数代词时of则不省略。
Both(of)the films were very good．
Both of them are good teachers．
b．both在句中还用做同位语，其位置取决于谓语动词的形式。
①做主语同位语时，如谓语为实义动词(包括用做实义动词的have)，both位于主语之后、谓语动词之前。
We both had a haircut．我俩都理了发。
(2)如谓语部分为系动词，both则位于系动词之后和表语之前。
The children were both too young．
(3)如谓语是含有助动词或情态动词的短语，both则位于助动词或
情态动词之后。
My parents have both been invited．
You must both come over some evening.
They told us both to wait.
I've met them both before.

㈥ all的用法
(1)当all做主语时，常代表三个以上的人，谓语动词用复数形式；指事物或情况时。往往表示“—切”、“所有的”意思，常被看作单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。当 all做定语时，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词 。all具有名词和形容词性质，常表示“全体”、“所有的”、“一切”的意思；在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语。
e.g. All are here.
All is known.
She has told me all about it.
Bill visited all of us.
That's all.
Is that all you can help me?
All the apples in that box go bad.
They have all gone to America.
We all want to have a try.
He is all excited.
She was all wet.

(2)当all用做主语时，如果后面跟有人称代词。须在它们之间加上of；如果后面跟的是名词，它们之间可 of，也可不加。
e.g. All of them are from Beijing.
All (of) the books are here.
(3)当all做同位语时．它在句中的位置随谓语动词而定。当谓语动词是实义动词时，all放在动词前面；谓语动词是be时．all放在be后面；谓语是由情态动词或助动词加实义动词组成时，all放在它们之间。
e.g. They all know the answer.
They are all students.
You can all go home.

(4) 当all 用做人称代词宾语的同位语时，all 放在宾语后面。如 you all, them all, us all
e.g. I’ll have to think about them all again.

㈦ each 的用法
each具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可用做主语、定语、宾语和同位语。指每个人或事物的个别情况，相当于汉语的“各个”
e.g. Each of the boys has a bike.
There are flowers on each side of the river.
Two men came can I gave a book to each.
The teacher gave the pupils four textbooks each.
We each have a new school bag now.

基础训练
一、用所给汉语提示填空
1. We want _____________(他们) to help us.
2. This is ___________(我的) book. That is ________________ (你的).
3. This doesn’t look like my dictionary, it must be____________________. (你的)
4. ___________(他)often helps ____________(我们) with _____________ （我们的）lessons.
5. Is this book__________________(你的)? No, it isn’t mine_________________(我的). It is _____________ (她的).
6. I’ll work out the problem __________________(我自己).

二、选择括号中的词填空
1. _______________________ of them knows Japanese. (both, neither)
2. We study Chinese, English, math and ________________________ subjects. (the other, other)
3. Don’t hurry , there is ________________time left. (little, a little)
4. Is there ___________________wrong with your bike?
Yes, there is ________________ wrong with my it. (something , anything)
5. I don’t like this one. Please give me ___________________. (another, other)
6. We must get __________________ready before setting off. (everything, anything )
7. _________________of us is afraid of difficulties. (few, a few)
8. Do you mind if I ask you ____________questions? (few, a few)
9. there are many trees on ____________sides of the street in Beijing. (all, both)
10. Would you like ______________tea or coffee? (some, any)
11. Did they spend ____________money on their trip to Hangzhou?
12. There’s _________________wrong with you, but I am afraid you are eating too ___________. (anything, nothing, many, much)
13. Did ____________ask me when I was out？ (somebody, anybody)