初中英语语法梳理和提高——形容词和副词讲解试题.doc

初中英语语法梳理和提高——形容词和副词讲解试题
形容词和副词
　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
　　一、形容词
　　用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。
　　形容词的作用，见下表：
作 用
例 句
定 语
You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.
表 语
Your coat is too small.
宾语补足语
The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.
　　注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：
　　Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
　　The old man is alone.
　　形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：
　　You'd better tell us something interesting.
　　The police found nothing strange in the room.
　　多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词  2）数词  3）性质 4）大小  5）形状
　　6）表示老少，新旧  7）颜色  8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：
　　His grandpa still lives in this small short house.
　　他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
　　The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.
　　那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
　　形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor;
　　good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：
　　The young should take good care of the old.
　　年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
　　The rich never help the poor in this country.
　　在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。
　　表示数量的词组。如：
　　One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.
　　有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。
　　I live in a building about fifty meters high.
　　我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。
　　形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：
　　They are the students easy to teach.
　　他们是很容易较的学生。
　　We live in a house much larger than yours.
　　我们住的房子比你们的大得多。
　　else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：
　　Did you see anybody else?
　　你看到别的人了吗？
　　二、副词
　　英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：
　　多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：
　　We are living happily.
　　我们幸福的生活着。
　　He runs slowly.
　　他跑的很慢。
　　时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：
　　They went to the park yesterday morning.
　　昨天上午他们去公园了。
　　I heard him sing English songs over there.
　　我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。
　　He drove the jeep carefully.
　　他小心地开着吉普。
　　注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：
　　Yesterday I got up late.
　　昨天我起床很晚。
　　频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前
　　如：He is seldom ill.
　　    他很少生病。
　　   You must always remember this.
　　   你一定要记住这一点。
　　   I often write to my parents.
　　   我经常写信给父母。
　　   Do you usually go to school on foot.
　　  你经常走路去上学？
　　  He has never been to Beijing.
　　  他从来没有去过北京。
　　注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：
　　Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.
　　有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。
　　程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修
　　饰的词前面。如：
　　That's quite early.
　　那很早。
　　I nearly missed the bus.
　　我几乎错过了公交车。
　　She did rather badly.
　　她干得相当糟。
　　否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：
　　She seldom goes out at night.
　　她晚上很少出门。
　　I am never late for school.
　　我上学从不迟到。
　　We had hardly got to the station when the train left.
　　火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。
　　疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：
　　When can you come?
　　你什么时候来？
　　How many days are there in a month?
　　一个月有多少天？
　　What are you going to do when you grow up?
　　张大以后，你打算干什么？
　　Where were you born?
　　你是在那里出生的？
　　Why didn't he come?
　　他为什么没有来？
　　关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时，位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如：
　　Tell me the reason why you did it.
　　把你这样做的理由告诉我。
　　It's the sort of day when you'd like to stay in bed.
　　这是个令人恋床不起的日子。
　　I don't know the place where we will go.
　　我不知道我们将要去的地方。
　　同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：
　　The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
　　明天会议将在教室里举行。
　　He watched TV in his room last night.
　　他作晚在房间里看电视。
　　They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening.
　　他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。
　　注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：
　　late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等
　　The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.
　　Open your mouth wide.
　　三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
　　形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下：
　　1) 符合规则的：
情 况
加 法
例 词
一 般 情 况
直接加 -er ; -est
tall-taller-tallest
以e结尾的词
加 –r ; -st
nice-nicer-nicest
以“辅音+y”结尾的词
变y为i再加-er ; -est
dry-drier-driest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
以一个辅音字母结尾的词
辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -est
thin-thinner-thinnest
多音节和部分双音节单词
在词前加 more ; most
more delicious
most delicious
2）几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：
原 级
比较级
最高级
good , well
better
best
bad , ill
worse
worst
many , much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther / further
farthest / furthest
形容词和副词比较级的用法
级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例 句
备 注
原

级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
As+原级+as
(像……一样)
Art is as interesting as music.
Play as well as you can.

否
定
形
式
not + so (as) +原级+as
(不如……那样)
English is not so difficult as science.
She does not study so well as I do.

比较级
不同程度
（用于两者比较）
比较级+than
(比……)
Jim is older than Luky.
I like pork better than beef.
比较级前面可以加
much, far, even, still,
a lot, a little, a bit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
（越来越……）
The + 比较级，the + 比较级
（越……, 越……）
He is growing taller and taller.
He studies better and better.
The more books she reads, the better she understand.

最高级
最高程度
（用于三者或三者以上）
The +最高级+of (in)
(最……)
Spring is the best season of the year.
Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.
副词最高级前面的the 往往省略

　　注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。
　　例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
　　He is ________ friends than I.
　　A. much more   B. many more   C. very more   D. too more
　　解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.
　　2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?
　　   A. more developed   B. more developing   C. most developed   D. most developing
　　   解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的"  意思
　　3． There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
　　A. little        B. few        C. fewer         D. less
　　解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.
　　4. If you are not free today, come another day __________.
　　   A. too     B. so     C. instead    D. yet
　　  解析：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.
　　5．He can't tell us ________, I think.
　　   A. important anything            B. anything important 
　　C. important something          D. something important.
　　  解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B
　　6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.
　　  A. long    B. longer   C. longest    D. the longest
　　  解析："定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大……" 应选C.
　　7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.
　　  A. enough bright     B. bright enough    C. brightly     D. enough brightly
　　  解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.
　　8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt.
　　  A. luckily, badly   B. luck, hardly   C. Lucky, heavily  D. Lucky, strongly
　　  解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A.
　　9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.
　　   A. close     B. open       C. closed      D., opened
　　  解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.
　　10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________,
　　   A. already     B. still     C. too       D. yet
　　   解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.
　　练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
　　选择最佳答案填空：
　　Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _________ to catch up with them.
　　A. slowly enough  B. enough slowly  C. fast enough  D. enough fast
　　2. The text is very easy for you. There are ________ new words in it.
　　   A. a few  B. a little  C. few  D. little
　　3. It's such an ________ film that all the students are ______ in it.
　　   A. interesting; interested  B. interested; interesting  C. interesting; interesting  D. interested; interested; interested
　　4. Mingming got up very _______,so he came to school half an hour ______.
　　   A. late; lately  B. lately; late  C. lately; lately  D. late; late
　　5. I am ________ worried about y parents' healthy conditions.
　　   A. some times  B. sometime  C. sometimes  D. some times
　　6. We don't have ________ every day.
　　   A. a lot of school works  B. many school work  C. any school works  D. much school work
　　7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running!
　　  --Oh, yes! They are nearly _______.
　　   A. up and down  B. slower and slower  C. more or less  D. neck and neck
　　8. ______ children there are in family,_______ their life will be.
　　   A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better  C. Fewer; richer  D. More; poorer
　　9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ________.
　　   A. more and more rich  B. more rich and more rich  C. richer and richer  D. richer and richest
　　10. Which lesson is _______, this one or that one?
　　   A. difficult  B. much difficult  C. more difficult  D. the most difficult
　　11. "A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _______.
　　   A. serious, serious  B. seriously, seriously  C. seriously, serious  D. serious, seriously
　　12. ________ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?
　　   A. How long  B. How often  C. How far  D. How much
　　13. In our city, it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
　　   A. hotter; hottest  B. hot; hot  C. hotter; hot  D. hot; hotter
　　14. This pencil is ______ that one.
　　   A. so long as  B. as longer as  C. longer than  D. not as longest as
　　15. The station is two kilometers _______ the hospital.
　　   A. away to  B. far away  C. far from  D. away from
　　16. Beijing has ______ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.
　　   A. so  B. very  C. too  D. much
　　17. This box is ______ heavy ________ I can't carry it.
　　   A. too, to  B. so, that  C. very, that  D. too, that
　　18. India has the second _______ population in the world.
　　   A. larger  B. most  C. smallest  D. largest
　　19. Mary received ________ many postcards at Christmas.
　　   A. so  B. such  C. too  D. even
　　20. The cake smells ______. Please throw it away.
　　   A. good  B. badly  C. bad  D. well
　　21. --- What was the weather like yesterday?
　　   --- It was terrible. It rained so ________ that people could _______ go out.
　　   A. hardly…hard    B. hardly… hardly     C. hard… hardly   D. hard… hard
　　22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven't got everything ready_____.
　　   A. ever       B. already      C. yet       D. still
　　23. --- What about the English novel?
　　   --- It's not very difficult. There are only ________ new words in it.
　　   A. few      B. a few     C. many     D. a little
　　24. How beautiful she sings! I've never heard ________.
　　   A. the better voice     B. a good voice    C. the best voice     D. a better voice
　　25.  Mr Smith always has  ________ to tell us.
　　A. some good pieces of news              B. some  pieces of good news
　　C. some good piece of news               D. some piece of good new
　　26. I'm afraid the headmaster is _________ busy to meet the visitors.
　　  A. too much    B. much too   C. so much    D. very much
　　27. - Dad , when will you be free?  You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago.
　　   -- I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a ______ holiday soon.
　　  A. four-days      B. four-day    C. four days     D. four day
　　28. The scenery in Sanya looks ________, especially "Tian Ya Hai Jiao" is ________.
　　   A, well, best     B. fine, the most famous     C. nice, better   D. beautifully, the best
　　29. What a _______ day it is! Let's go out for a walk.
　　A. windy    B. lovely      C. rainy     D.cloudy
　　30. Of the two. Australian students , Masha is ________ one. I think you can find her easily.
　　   A, tallest     B, the taller     C. taller       D. the tallest
　　1-5 CCADC  6-10  DDBCC   11-15 DCDCD  16-20 ABDAC  
　　21-25 CCADB   26-30   BBBBB

11