高一年级重点句式和句型总结.doc

高一年级重点句式和句型总结

一、知识精讲
1. not...until引导时间状语从句
【例句】
Your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
句型解读：
not…until/till意思是“直到……才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到到了until引导的状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。
I studied until my father came back last night. （延续性动词不用否定句）
I didn’t go to bed until my father came back last night. （非延续性动词要用否定句）
拓展：
这个句型还可以改写为倒装句和强调句：
倒装句：Not until my father came back did I go to bed last night.
强调句：It was not until my father came back that I went to bed last night.
状元典例1
（天津卷）It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
答案：A
思路分析：根据句意“在亲身经历之前，我们很难体会生活中的教训。”可判断出选A。until（直到……时为止）
状元典例2
（浙江卷）It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
答案：D
思路分析：这是含有until引导状语从句的强调句型。当强调until引导的从句部分时应注意把not提前。
2. It is /was the first time that
【例句】
It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
句型解读：
It is the first（second…etc）that…（从句谓语动词用现在完成时）
【例句】
It was the first time that I had read the book written by Han Han.
It was the first（second…etc）that…（从句谓语动词用过去完成时）
【例句】
Last year I went to Shanghai. It was the second time that I had been there.
状元典例
It is the first time that he ____ to join us in a research.
A. agree B. agreed C. has agreed D. will agree
答案：C
思路分析：It is the first time that 常与现在完成时连用。
拓展：the first time 可作从属连词用，引导时间状语从句。
【例句】
The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
类似的表达还有：each time, the last time, next time, 它们在句中都充当从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
【例句】
Each time he comes to the town, we have dinner together.
3. 连词since引导时间状语从句
【例句】
Since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
句型解读：
连词since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句多用完成时，介词since与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since后不用从句或词语。
【例句】
I have lived here since I was born.
My father has worked as a teacher since 1988.
拓展：It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时（从句中的动作不能延续）自从……至今已经多久了。
【例句】
It is 10 years since he moved to that city.
since then 自从那时至今
ever since 从那以后一直
4. 强调句型
【例句】
It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
句型解读：
强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when, where, which等连词。
【例句】
I met Mary at the cinema last week.
强调主语：It was I who/ that met Mary at the cinema last week.
强调宾语：It was Mary that I met at the cinema last week.
强调地点：It was at the cinema that I met Mary last week.
强调时间：It was last week that I met Mary at the cinema.
【例句】
Yesterday he didn’t attend the party because he was ill.
强调原因状语：It was because he was ill that he didn’t attend the party yesterday.
状元典例
It is _______ he often breaks the school rules _____ makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. which; that
答案：C
思路分析：此句为It is…that引导的强调句型，因为强调的主语是由句子来充当的，且从句中不缺任何成分，所以用that来引导主语从句，故选C。
拓展：含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型：
（1）含一般疑问句的强调句句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
【例句】
Was it at the cinema that you saw Mary yesterday?
（2）特殊疑问句的强调句句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
【例句】
Where was it that you saw Mary yesterday?
状元典例
（山东卷）—_______ that he managed to get the information?
—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
答案：C
思路分析：此句为特殊疑问句的强调句，根据句意可以分析出所强调的部分是他怎么获取信息的，故选C。
5. once引导时间状语从句
【例句】
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
句型解读：
Once可作为从属连词，作“一（旦）……就……”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。
【例句】
Once you have begun you must continue.
Once printed, the book will be very popular.
状元典例
（福建卷）You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence.
A. before B. once C. until D. though
答案：B
思路分析：句意：在面试中，当你有了信心，你就会成功的。B项once相当于when和as soon as（一旦；当……时候；一……就），C项应用于not…until结构中，D项意为“尽管、虽然”，语意不正确。
6. It seems/seemed that…从句
【例句】
It seemed that the world was at an end.
句型解读：
从句表示“（在某人）看来好像；似乎” =sb. seems to do sth
【例句】
It seemed that he had known the bad news.
= He seemed to have known the bad news.
拓展：
（1）It seems/looks/appears as if/though…它看起来好像……
It seems / looks / appears as if it is going to rain.
（2）Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…（不用seem/ appear）
He looked as if he had a fever.
（3）There seems/appears（to be）…（不用look）
There appears to have been a mistake.
=It appears that there has been a mistake.
7. only引导的倒装句
【例句】
We first broke the law in a way, which was peaceful; when this not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
句型解读：
Only位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。
【例句】
Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次他才来参加会议。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得很重时，他才卧床休息。
状元典例
（陕西卷）Only then _________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
答案：D
思路分析：当“only+状语”放于句首时主句要用倒装结构，then是过去的时间，故主句应该用一般过去时。
注意：only如果修饰主语，则句子不倒装。如：
Only you can help me at this time.
8. 部分否定
【例句】
Not all hope was lost.
句型解读：
该句为部分否定。all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；但当not在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none, nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及no+名词都表示全部否定。
【例句】
Both of them haven’t read this story. 并非他们二人都看过这个故事。
如果表达完全否定要说：Neither of them has read this story.
All boys don’t jump high.=Not all boys jump high. 并非所有的男孩都跳得高。
如果表达完全否定要说：None of the boys jump high.
状元典例
I haven’t read _______ of his books, but judging from the one I have read, I think he’ll make a promising writer.
A. any B. none C. both D. either
答案：C
思路分析：根据but后面的句子看出我只读了他全部书中的一本，所以前面的句子应为：我并没有两本书都读过，故选C。
9. although / though
（1）“虽然……但是”+从句，不可以和but连用
【例句】
Though he lived in the big city, he still liked the life in countryside.
Though the students were very tired, none of them stopped to have a rest.
（2）though为副词，表“可是，然而”之意。此时不能用although
【例句】
Our team lost. It was a good game, though .
He caught a cold. It wasn’t serious, though.
（3）though 引导让步状语从句的倒装形式，此时不用although
【例句】
Strange though it may sound, I was pleased it was over.
拓展：
despite 和in spite of 也作“虽然……但是”讲，其后接名词，代词作宾语，但不可引导句子。
In spite of the bad weather, they still do exercise in the park as usual.
状元典例1
_____his illness, he came to the meeting.
A. As for B. Besides C. Except D. Despite
答案：D
思路分析：句意为：尽管他生病了，可还是来参加会议了。
状元典例2
Bravely ______ the players fought, they had no chance of winning.
A. although B. though C. despite D. how
答案：B
思路分析：本句考查though引导的让步状语从句的倒装句，句意为：尽管队员们打得很勇敢，可是他们还是没有获胜的机会。
10. so…that句型
【例句】
And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it.
句型解读：
so…that… 如此……以至于……, that引导结果状语从句，另外，such…that…也引导结果状语从句，其结构形式为：

【例句】
She was so excited that she couldn’t go to sleep.
It was so interesting a book that we all like it.
=It was such an interesting book that we all like it.
I made so many mistakes in the exam that I didn’t pass it.
拓展：当so…/such…位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
【例句】
The mark was so small that I could hardly see it.
可以改为：So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
状元典例
______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to the rain forest for further research.
A. So curious that couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
答案：B
思路分析：句意为：这对夫妇对野生植物这么好奇，以至于他们决定到热带雨林中做进一步的研究。这是在考查so…that句型中，so…放句首时，句子要倒装，所以只有B项符合题意。
11. It’s three times as big underwater.
句型解读：
英语中倍数的表达方式：
（1）A is N times as great（long, much…）as B.
（2）A is N times greater（longer, more…）than B.
（3）A is N times the size（length, amount, weight, height…）of B.
以上三句应译为：A的大小（长度、数量等）是B的N倍。
【例句】
Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice.
This road is four times longer than that one.
= This road is five times as long as that one.
= This road is five times the length of that one.
状元典例
You’d better go there by train. The train ticket is _________ the plane ticket.
A. as cheap three times as B. as three times cheap as
C. three times cheaper than D. cheaper three times than
答案：C
思路分析：考查倍数的表达方式，一定要把倍数放在形容词前面，故选C。
12. as 引导的从句
（1）as表示“正如……”，引导定语从句
【例句】
As you can see, I did escape.
As we know, the sun rises in the east. 众所周知，太阳从东方升起。
状元典例
_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
答案：D
思路分析：本句考查as引导非限定性定语从句，从句可以置于主句前面，意为：正如……。
（2）as作连接词引导比较状语从句，意为：“像……一样”。
【例句】
There is as much water in this cup as in that one.
（3）as引导原因状语从句，意为：“因为，由于”。as表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式。
【例句】
We all like her as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。
（4）as作为连接词，引导让步状语从句，意为：“尽管，虽然”。这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。
【例句】
Strange as it may seem，it is true. 尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。
Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties. 不管怎样努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。
（5）as引导时间状语从句，意为：当……时，在……的同时，随着……。
【例句】
As the year went by, he became older and older. 随着时间的流逝，他变得越来越老。
As they were leaving, I walked to the door. 他们离开的时候，我向门口走去。
（6）as作介词，意为：“当作，作为”。
【例句】
He came to China as a tourist five years ago. 五年前，他作为游客来到中国。
13. leave+宾语+宾补
（1）leave +宾语＋v-ing
【例句】
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 不要让她在雨中等候。
（2）leave +宾语＋v-ed
【例句】
He got up slowly leaving the lunch unfinished. 他慢慢地站起来没有吃完午饭。
（3）leave +宾语+adj
【例句】
You’d better leave the drawing-room door open. 你最好开着画室的门。
His illness has left him weak. 他的病让他的身体很虚弱。
14. With的复合结构
【例句】
Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
句型解读：
with+名词/代词（宾格）+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。
（1）With +名词+介词短语
【例句】
We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall. 我们坐在干草上背对着墙。
He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他枕着胳膊睡着了。
（2）With +名词+过去分词
【例句】
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都在锁着门工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
状元典例
With the books he needed ____, he left the bookstore and went to the supermarket.
A. to buy B. bought C. buying D. buy
答案：B
思路分析：句意为：他买完了所需的书后，离开书店去了超市。he needed为定语从句修饰the books, the books与buy 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式，答案为B。
（3）With +名词+现在分词
【例句】
With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 随着冬天的到来，该到买厚衣服的时间了。
状元典例
With two children ____ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.
A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. having attended
答案：B
思路分析：在句中two children与attend之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
（4）With +名词+不定式
【例句】
I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 因为要刷盘子，我不能出去。
状元典例
With a lot of homework _________, I am not allowed to watch TV now.
A. doing B. done C. to do D. will be done
答案：C
思路分析：句意为：有很多作业要做，我不被允许看电视。作业要被做，故用不定式作宾补主动表被动。

二、难点聚焦
1. They suggested we go to record our songs in the studio.
句中suggest的用法很特殊，用法如下：
（1）suggest（建议）sb/ sb’s doing sth
I suggested him（his）going to see a doctor at once.
（2）suggest（建议）that sb. （should）do sth.
The doctor suggested that the boy（should）be sent to the hospital at once.
（3）It is suggested that sb. （should）do sth.
It is suggested that the experiment should be made under low temperature.
（4）suggest（暗示，表明）
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.
状元典例
—My uncle suggested I _______ abroad.
—I would rather you at home.
A. go; stay B. went; stayed C. go; stayed D. went; stay
答案：C
思路分析：第一个空考查suggest后跟宾语从句时，从句要用should加动词原形，其中should可以省略；第二个空中would rather后跟从句时，从句要用过去时，故答案为C。
2. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital.
as/so far as的用法
（1）直到……远，远到，直到
The children walked as far as the lake.
（2）（表示程度，范围等）就……；尽……
As far as I know, he is an honest man.
拓展：as far as the eye can reach就眼力所能及
as far as I can see 依我看
so far至今为止
far from 远非，一点也不
as long as 长达，只要
as much/ many as多达
as high/ tall as高达

三、状元笔记
句型的掌握要领：
1. 及时归纳
2. 注意积累
3. 反复操练

1. （重庆卷）Unsatisfied ______ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
A. though was he B. though he was
C. he was though D. was he though
答案：B
思路分析：句意：尽管对工资不满意，但为了获得工作经验，他还是接受了这份工作。本题考查though引导状语从句可用倒装的形式，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，但主谓顺序不变。
2. （江西卷）It was ______ he came back from Africa that year _____ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when
答案：C
思路分析：句意：直到那年他从非洲回来他才遇到那个他想与之结婚的女孩。本题考查强调句型It be not until +时间状语+ that…, 被强调的部分是时间状语，且含有“直到……才”的意思，故选C。
3. （重庆卷）Only when I left my parents for Italy ______ how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
答案：D
思路分析：句意：只有当我离开父母去了意大利时，我才意识到我有多么爱他们。Only引导的状语或状语从句放在句首时，主句须部分倒装，根据句意，主句应用一般过去时，所以选D。
4.（天津模拟）How long do you suppose it is _______ he arrived there?
A. when B. before C. after D. since
答案：D
思路分析：句意：你认为他到这有多久了？since“自从”，由它引导的状语从句用一般过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。
5. （福建卷）You will be successful in the interview _______ you have confidence.
A. before B. once C. until D. though
答案：B
思路分析：句意：面试时，当你有了自信心，你就会成功。B项once相当于when和as soon as（一旦；当……时候；一……就），故选B项。
6. （辽宁卷）Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost ______ his.
A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as D. as twice much as
答案：B
思路分析：句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价格的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数+as+原级+as…”。
7. （福建卷）—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work_______ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
答案：B
思路分析：本题考查with的复合结构，so much work与动词fill之间是主动关系，故选B。
8. （陕西卷）This is the first time we _________ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
答案：D
思路分析：本题考查固定句型“This/ It is the +序数词+time that从句”，that从句需用现在完成时。

（答题时间：45分钟）
﹡1. Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
2. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.
A. settling B. to settle C. being settled D. settled
**3. With exports _______ a big role in its economic growth, China has been affected by the current financial storm.
A. playing B. to play C. played D. play
4. Young _______ he is, he knows a great deal about advanced technology.
A. as