七年级英语下册第二单元重点知识结构.doc

七年级英语下册第二单元重点知识结构
一.重点词汇：
1.表示地点的名词
post office library restaurant bank supermarket street pay phone park bridge neighborhood market garden airport
2.表示方位的介词
near 在附近
across from 在 …对面
next to 紧挨着
between 。。。and在（两者）。。。之间
in front of 在。。。前面（是指范围之外前面）
in the front of 在。。。前面（是指范围之内前面）
behind。。。在。。。之后
on the right 在右面
on the left 在左面
on the right of 。。。在。。。右面
on the left of。。。在。。。左面
三.重点词语和短语
1.in the neighborhood 在附近= near here
2.turn left/right 左拐 、右拐
3.pay 付款 动词
1).pay for 支付，付款
He often pays for my job.
2).pay…（钱）for sth为。。。付款 花钱买某物
He pays ten yuan for his meals every day.
4. there 在那里 副词
短语：over there 在那里 get there 到那里
句型:There be {is / are +某人/某物 +地点. There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存 常用句型,表示"有",其确切含义是"存在"there 作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达"某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人"的时候常用"There be + 名词+ 地点(时间)这一句型。例如:
 There is a big supermarket across the street.
 There are some students in the classroom.
注意：There be 结构中的主谓一致
    1).当动词be后所接的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,be 应该用单数is;当其后所接的名词是可数名词复数时,be用复数are.
  There's a man near the door.
There is some milk in the bottle.
   There are some girls in the street.
2).如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。
There is a book and two pens on the table.
   There are two pens and a book on the table.（be 动词的单复数根据最靠近be的那个名词的单复数来确定）
3).There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定词not放在be 之后.
如: There isn't a box in the room.
    There aren't any pens on the desk.
  另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:
    There is no water in the bottle.
no=not a/not any
There isn’t any water in the bottle.
4).There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如:
Is there a cake on the table?
Yes,there is. / No,there isn't.
5) .there be 和 have 、has 的区别
have 和 has 的意思都是“有”，它们和前面学过的 there be 句型不同。
there be 句型表达的是“在某个地方存在某人、某物等”表存在。 have 和 has 则表示“某人拥有某物”。表人和物的所有关系。例如：
There is a bag on the desk .
There are some books in the bag .
The boy has a big bag .
I have some books in my bag .
have 和 has 的区别是：当主语为第三人称单数时，
has ; 其他人称作主语，则使用 have。例如：
I have a red bike . We have a big house .
He has a black car . My brother has a new ruler .
5. open：1). 形容词 ：开业的.营业的。它放在系动词之后。如：be、keep(保持)等
例如：The store is open at 9:oo in the morning.
2). 动词： 打开
例如：Please open the door.
6.welcome 欢迎
欢迎来某地：welcome to +地点
例如：Welcome to China.
Welcome to our school.
Thank you very much.
You are welcome.
7.enjoy 喜欢，享受、、、乐趣，欣赏
例如:Let’s enjoy our beautiful school.
句型：1).enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事
I enjoy listening to music.
2).enjoy oneself 玩的高兴，过得愉快（注意：oneself是指反身代词，表示某人自己。如：myself yourself herself himself ourselves themselves itself 等，它的形式要和前面的人称代词保持一致）同义短语为：have fun/have a good time
He enjoys himself at home every week.
=He has a good time at home every week.
=He has fun at home every week.
8.walk :1).名词 散步 go for a walk 去散步
take a walk 散步
2).动词 散步
步行去学校walk to school =go to school on foot
例如: He often walks to school.
=He often goes to school on foot.
9. through 介词 通过（是指在空间内部通过，指纵向）Go through the park .
across 介词 通过 （是指在横截面通过，指横向）Go across the street ,you can find a bank.
cross 动词 cross= go aross
10. at the beginning of 在。。。开始
At the beginning of the term, my mother often tells me to study hard.
11. visit 动词 参观，拜访，看望
短语：参观某地 visit +地点/某人
He often visits our school.
He visits his friends every week.
名词 visitor 参观者 ，游客
12. arrive 到达 不及物动词，后面跟宾语时要加介词，arrive in +大地点 arrive at +小地点 。
He usually arrives in Beijing at 2:oo.
He arrives at school at 6: 30 in the morning.
注意以前学过的get to 也是到达的意思后面直接跟地点名词。但如果后面是副词时，to 要省略。如:get home/there.
13.hope 希望
1). 希望做某事hope to do sth 希望自己做某事
I hope to go to the movies on Sunday.
2). Hope +从句
既可以指自己，也可以指别人
I hope she can help me.
14.way 道路
the way to。。。去。。。的路
例如：I know the way to Beijing.
on the /形容词物主代词way to 在去。。。的路上
On my way to school, I often meet my friends.
四．重点句型：
1.表示某人某物在某地某处时，有两种表达方式。
1).There be +某人某物+某地某处。
如：There is the post office behind the bank.
There are three boys in front of the house.
2).某人某物 +be{is/are +某地某处
如：A post office is behind the bank.
Three boys are in front of the house.
2.询问方向的常用句型：
1)Excuse me! Where is the post office？邮局在哪里？
2)Can you tell me the way to the post office？
你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？
3).How can I get to the post office？ 我怎样到达邮局呢？
4)．Is there a post office near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有邮局吗？
5)． Which is the way to the post office？ 哪条是去邮局的路？
6).Do you know the way to the post office?你知道去邮局的路吗？
3．指路常用句型：
1). Go straight down / along this street.
沿着这条街一直走。
2). Turn left at the second turning.在第二个路口向左转。
3). You can find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4). It is about fifty metres from here.
离这里大约五十米远。
5). You can take a bus. 你可以坐公交
4. Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
句型：a good place to do sth一个做某事的好地方
例如：School is a good place to read.
5. a small house with an interesting garden 一个带有趣花园的小房子 ，with 带有的意思，是介词，所在的短语在句中作定语。放在所修饰词的后面。
China is a great country with a long history.
I like the books with beautiful pictures.