七年级英语语法复习大全.doc

七年级英语语法复习大全
1. 形容词的用法
　　形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语，用于限定被修饰语的特征，如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等，。 
　　The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。 
　　--I want that one. 我想要那个。 
　　--Which one? 哪一个?
　　--The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。
　　Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗?
2、人称代词
　　是用来表示人的代词，有单数和负数之分，有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，是作动词或介词的宾语。
　　主格：I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
　　宾格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
　　He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
　　Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?
3、可数名词和不可数名词
　　英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。
　　(1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens
　　(2)不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、祈使句
　　祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语(+宾语补足语)构成，否定形式则在句前加Don’t.
　Stand up, please. 请起立。
　　Don’t worry. 别担心。
　　can的用法：
　　can是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为can’t.
　　She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。
　　I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。
　　Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?
5、现在进行时态
　　概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。
　　结构：由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成，其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。
　　Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。
　　--What are you doing now?　你现在在干什么?
　　--I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。
　　Are they drawing the pictures now?　他们正在画画吗?
动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下：
　　动词ing形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下：
　　1) 直接在动词后加ing
　　play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing
　　2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing
　　make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
　　3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加ing
　　run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
　　注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态，主要看句子的时间状语，一般说来，每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。因此，这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now，只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。
　　She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。
　　Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那个女孩在那里跳舞。
　　--Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗?
--Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗?
6、have/ has的用法
　　1) 谓语动词have表示“有”，有两种形式：have和has，前者用于第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they)，后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。
　　I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果，他有两个香蕉。
　　You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。
　　It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。
　　Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。
　　2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较：两者都表示“有”，但用法不同。前者表示所属关系，即表示“某人或某物有什么”，而后者表示存在，表示“某地有什么”。
　　They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。
　　There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。
　　She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。
　　There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。
　　3) have/ has的否定句，一般要加助动词do/ does，再加not构成，即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have)
　　. She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。
　　We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。
　　Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。
　　4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成，回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.
　　--Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?
　　--No, they don’t. 不，他们的房子不大。
　　--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?
　　--Yes, he does. 他有的。
　　5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。
　　What do they have? 他们有什么?
　　What does he have? 他有什么?
　　How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话?
7、介词用法
　　1) 具体时间前介词用at。
　　. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。
　　She goes to bed at eleven o’clock. 她十一点睡觉。
　　2) 表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略;表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。
　　in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上
　　at noon在中午，at night在夜里
　　3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。
　　What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?
　　Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗?
　　He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。
　　Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。
　　4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。
　　What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?
　　He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。
　　She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。

8、一般现在时
　　一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。
　　其动词形式是：动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does
　　1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示
　　They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。
　　I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。
　　2) 否定句用don’t + 动词原形来表示
　　We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。
　　I don’t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。
　　3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首，后面动词用原形。回答时，肯定用 “Yes, 主语+do”;否定句用 “No, 主语+don’t”。
　　–Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他们七点去上学吗?
　　--Yes, they do.
　　--Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗?
　　--No, I don’t. 不，我不喜欢。
一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与以下的时间状语连用：often 经常，always 总是，sometimes 有时，usually 通常，every day/ week 每天/ 周等。
　　He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。
　　I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。
　　She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。
　　My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。
　　It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。
　　主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时
　　一般现在时态，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要是第三人称单数，后要加-s或-es。
　　He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。
　　She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。
　　The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。
　　转换成否定句要加doesn’t，其后的动词用原形。
　　Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。

　　He doesn’t feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。
　　转换成一般疑问句，句首用Does，其后的动词用原形。
　　Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗?
　　Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗?
                                                                               2010年7月25日

agree with sb      同意某人的看法
agree on sth       同意某事
arrive at/in sp    到达某地
ask sb to do sth   叫某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth     叫某人不要做某事
be busy doing/with sth   忙于做某事
be strict in sth    对某事要求严格
be strict with sb   对某人要求严格
decide to do sth    决定做某事
dislike doing sth   不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth     喜欢做某事
find sb do/doing sth    发现某人做某事
finish doing sth        完成某事
give sb sth             给某人某物
give sth to sb          给某人某物
have fun doing sth      做…很有趣
help sb with sth        帮助某人某事
help sb (to) do sth     帮助某人做某事
it’s time for sth      该做某事了
it’s time for sb to do sth    该某人做某事了
it’s time to do sth    该做某事了
like doing/to do sth    喜欢做某事
make sb do sth          让某人做某事
mind (sb) doing sth     介意（某人）做某事
pass sb sth             把某物递给某人
pass sth to sb          把某物递给某人
practice doing sth      练习做某事
remember doing sth      记得做过某事
remember to do sth      记得要做某事
see sb do/doing sth     看见某人做某事
show sb sth             给某人看某物
show sth to sb          给某人看某物
spend…(in) doing sth   花费…做某事
spend…on sth           花费…在某物上
start doing sth         开始做某事
start to do sth         开始做某事
stop doing sth          停止做某事
stop to do sth          停下来再做某事
talk about sth          谈论某事
talk to/with sb         与某人交谈
tell sb about sth       告诉某人关于某事
tell sb to do sth       告诉某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth   告诉某人不要做某事
want sth                想要某物
want to do sth          想要做某事
want sb to do sth       想要某人做某事
watch sb do/doing sth   看见某人做某事
wish to do sth          希望做某事
would like to do sth    想要做某事
Unit7 What does he look like?
一．短语
1 look like 看起来像....
2 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
3 medium height/build 中等高度／身体
4 a little bit 一点儿…
5 a pop singer 一位流行歌手
6 have a new look 呈现新面貌
7 go shopping (do some shopping) 去购物
8 the captain of the basketball team　篮球队队长
9 be popular with sb 为---所喜爱
10 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
11 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情
12 tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话/ 讲故事
13 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事
14 remember ( forget) to do sth 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）
15 remember (forget) doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）
16 one of --- ---中的一个
二．本单元的重点句：
1 Is that your friend? No, it isn’t.
2 What does she look like?
3 I think I know her. ( I don’t think I know her.)
4 Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team.
5 She’s a little bit quiet.
6 Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.
7 She never stops talking.
8 She likes reading and playing chess.
9 I don’t think he’s so great.
10 I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
11 Now he has a new look.
三．重难点解析
1 What does/ do +主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？
Eg: What does your friend look like?
2 形容头发时， 可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。
Eg: She has long curly black hair.
3 one of + 名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。
Eg: One of his friends is a worker.
4 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面．
Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
5．He is …(通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)
He has…（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）
He wears…（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）
6．I don’t think…的用法表达否定的看法　I don’t think she is good-looking.
回答人的补充   2011-02-08 01:15
Unit 8 I＇d like some noodles
一． 短语
1．　beef and tomato noodles＼noodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西红柿面
chicken and cabbage noodles　mutton and potato noodles
tomato and egg noodles　beef and carrot noodles
2．would like to do sth want to do sth 想要作某事
3．what kind of noodles什么种类的面条
4．what size bowl of noodles什么大小碗型的面
5．a large＼mediumsmall bowl of noodles 大＼中＼小碗的面
6．ice cream　冰淇淋　orange juice桔汁　green tea绿茶　RMB人民币phone number
7． House of Dumplings＼noodles饺子＼面馆　Dessert House甜点屋
二．重点句型
1． What kind of vegetablesmeat drink food would you like?　
I’d like ……
I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
2. What kind of noodles would you like?
I’d like beef noodles.
3. What kind of noodles would you like?
I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
4. What size bowl plate of noodles would you like?
I’d like a large medium small bowl moodes.
5. What size cake would you like?
I would like asmall birthday-cake.
三．重难点解析
1．　would like 想要（表示一种委婉的语气）其用法相当于want.
would like + 名词　would like an apple (want an apple)
would like to do sth
He would like to play soccer.
----Would you like to see the dolphins?
----Yes, I’d like to.
（1）would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，可与人称代词缩写为’d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。（你能举出例子吗？）
我想要些牛肉。 I’d like some beef.
她想去打乒乓球。She would like to play ping-pang. （你能变否定句和疑问句吗？）
（2) Would you like sth.? 是提建议的一种句型，如需用一些，用some而不用any.
肯定回答是： Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK.
其否定回答是：No, thanks.
2． What kind of noodles would you like?
kind 在此句中作“种类”讲，a kind of 一种，all kinds of 各种各样的。kind of 有几分
A cat is a kind of animal.
There are all kinds of animals in the zoo
The cat is kind of smart.
3．　Can I help you?你要买什么
肯定　Yes, please . I would like …… 否定　No, thanks.
回答人的补充   2011-02-08 01:22
Unit 9 How was your weekend
一．短语
1. play +运动 play soccer play tennis play sports
play the + 乐器　play the guitar
play with…和某人＼物玩耍
2．have +三餐　have breakfast lunch supper
3. study for… clean the room visit sb stay at home
have a party　talk show
4．go to the beach go to the movies go for a walk go to the mountains
5．go shoppingdo some shopping go to the shop 买东西
6．last weekend＼over the weekend 上周末　on weekends 每周末
7．on +某日＋morningafternoonevening in + morningafternoonevening　
in+年＼月＼季节　at +时刻　last (next) month＼yearweek
8．what about＋nv-ingpren=how about ……呢
9. spend the weekend last week 度过上周的周末
10．it’s time to do sth＝it’s time for sth 该做么的时候了
11．look for　寻找．．．．．
二，重点句型和语法
1．一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与
过去的时间状语连用:
yesterday ,last week(month,year)
（1）系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was, are →were
陈述句：He was at home yesterday.
否定句：He wasn’t at home yesterday.
疑问句：Was he at home yesterday?
Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn’t.
（2）行为动词的一般过去时:
陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它
I go to the movie. →I went to the movie.
否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其它
I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school.
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它
Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast?
Yes,I do./No,I don’t. Yes,I did./No,I didn’t.
（3）规则动词的过去式变化规则
变化规则 例词
一般在词尾加—ed. play→played
以不发音的e结尾的，只加--d. like →liked
love →loved
以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i ,再加—ed. study →studied
carry →carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop →stopped
plan →planned
动词不规则变化：
do →did have →had go →went
see →saw read →read get →got
give →gave sleep →slept eat →ate
write →wrote find_---found
2. what’s the date today? It’s …
3. What was the date yesterday? It was…
4. What’s the weather like today? It’s …?
5. How was your weekend?
6．What did she do ? She did her homework
7．What did he do last weekend ? He played soccer．
8．It’s time to go home= It’s time for home
回答人的补充   2011-02-08 01:24
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
.
.decide to do sth　
all day
二．重点句子和注意事项
1．Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.
Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City.
Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.
Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle.
2． Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park?
Yes, I/he/she/they did.
No, I/he/she/they didn’t.
3． How were the movies? They were fantastic
4． have fun doing something　干某事有乐趣
＝　enjoy oneself doing something
We have fun learning and speaking English .
We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English .
我们学英语有很多乐趣　．
5． find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事　find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事
I find him reading the novel (小说）.
I found him go into the room .
6． corner　角落，角，拐角处
in the corner 在角落里（指在建筑物里面）
at the corner 在拐角处（指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角）
My bike is at the corner .
7． be lost 迷路了＝get lost , lost (adj.)
The girl was lost in the big city .
8． help sb. (to) do sth.＝help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事
He always helps us learn English
9. make sb. do sth. 让／使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不带to
The movie makes me relaxing.
Let the boy do his homework alone.
10. feel+ adj. 感到．．．
I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited
11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事
They decided to go to Hainan on vacation.
回答人的补充   2011-02-08 01:24
Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?
一． 词组
1．TV shows（电视节目）
soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentary　a thriller cartoon　Beijing Opera
Animal World　Tell it like it is　Law Today　game show
CCTV News　News in 30 Minutes　Man and Nature
Chinese Cooking　Around China　talk show Lucky 52
Sports news　sports show Culture China　
2． write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章
3． a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩
4． wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服
5． interview sb. 采访某人　in fact. 实际上
6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾　think of 想起，考虑到
二．重点句型
1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them.
2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.
3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.
4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.
5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.
三．重难点解析
1. wear (v. 动词) "穿，戴，佩"。根据不同宾语，翻译不同的汉语意思。
wear earrings 戴耳环 wear a dress 穿连衣裙wear a watch 戴手表
wear a beard 蓄胡子wear long hair 留长发
2. think "想，考虑，思索"（v. 动词）可以和许多介词搭配，组成新的意思。
A：think of "考虑"；"有...的看法"，有时等于think about.
What does he think of Beijing Opera?他对京剧有什么看法？
My mother always thinks of everything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。
think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高
Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。
B：think about "考虑"（指计划，观念，看它是否相宜、可行）
He is thinking about going to China.他正在考虑去中国。
3. too与either的区别
too"也"，表示肯定意义，与肯定的表达方法连用；而either"也不"，表示否定意义，与否定的表达方法连用。
（1）—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。—I do