高中英语必修五知识点.doc

必修五

Unit 1:
1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快
e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。

【词语联想】
Ø put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄
Ø put down: 放下；写下，记下
Ø put off: 推迟；延期
Ø put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧
Ø put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷
2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论）
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。
【习惯用语】★ draw a conclusion 作出结论

3. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。

◆ 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome
Ø defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。
Ø conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g. conquer nature
Ø overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties

4. attend: v.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席；参加
e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。
2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。
e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？
3）to go with 伴随
e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。

5. expose...to...
e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.
They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire.

6. blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人
e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake.
★ be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任
Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？

7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, what's more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition.
In addition to English, he has to study a second language.

◆ 区别: in addition to, except, besides,beside

Ø in addition to：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。
e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。
Ø except: 除…之外，表示在整体中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬.
Ø besides 表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与in addition to 同义，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。
Ø beside : 在…旁边。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。

同义句转换
1）He speaks French as well as English.
e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job.
e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.

8. announce: 公布；宣告
e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。

9. absorb v.
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。
2）专心于
★ be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。

10. challenge n.挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗
vt. 向...挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议
e.g. meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战

Unit 2:
1. consist of ＝ be made up of 由……组成 (没有进行时）
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
＝Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.

2. 区别:
Ø separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）
Ø divide...into 把…分开 （把整体分为若干部分）
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.

3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.

debate /argue/ quarrel

4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?

5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接
【习惯用语】★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来

6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?

2) 参考；查阅；询问
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.

3) 关系到；关乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书

7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名词” 表 “令某人……”
常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等

e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.

8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +宾语＋宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.

You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.

9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.

10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.

break down (会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.

Ø break in 闯入；打岔
Ø break off 中断，折断
Ø break into 闯入
Ø break out 爆发;发生
Ø break up 驱散；分散，拆散

11. as well as 不仅…而且；既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.

12. convenience: n.方便；便利（convenient: adj. ）
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
for convenience= for the sake of convenience
for one’s convenience
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.

13. attraction: （attract: v.）
1). 吸引；引力(不可数 n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数 n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?

14. influence
1) v. 对…产生影响 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可数n.) 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.

Unit 3:
1. impression n. 印记；印象；感想；后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 从句；
e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.
I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation.

知识拓展：impress v.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb. impress sb. with sth.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；
e．g It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。

2. remind v.提醒；使想起；
常用结构有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事；
remind sb.＋(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人……；使某人想起……；
remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到……；提醒某人某事

e.g. I'm sorry, but I've forgotten your name, can you remind me?
You remind me of your father when you say that.
知识拓展：reminder n.提醒物；引起回忆的事物

3. constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地
e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。
知识拓展：constant adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；

4. previous adj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的
Previous to coming here, he lived in Lodon.
e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job.
I couldn't believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.
知识拓展：previously adv. 先前的；早先
e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel.

5. bend v.（bent bent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；
e.g. It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。
She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿。
常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事
bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服
bend the truth 歪曲事实

6. press v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促 n. 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界
e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手绢捂住鼻子。
She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。
He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍坚持索赔。
The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭审谢绝新闻采访。

7. switch n. & v. 用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。
e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.
Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.
I can't work next week, will you switch with me?

8. lack n. & v. 用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。
e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。
知识拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足 be lacking in

9. surroundings n.[pl.] 环境；surround v. 围绕；环绕 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.

10. catch/gain/get sight of 发现，看出

Ø lose sight of 看不见,忘记
Ø lose one's sight 失明
Ø at first sight 一见就；乍看起来 At first sight, the problem seems easy.
Øat (the) sight of 一看见就…… At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.
Øbe in sight 看得见，在眼前 The island is still in sight.
Øout of sight 看不见 Out of sight, out of mind.

11. take up
to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用（时间）；占据（空间）
to learn to or start to do sth 开始做（某项工作）；开始从事
to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西）
e.g. The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地儿。
They have taken up golf. 他们学起打高尔夫球来了。
She took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。
He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责。

12. sweep up 打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起
e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把将孩子抱进怀里

Unit 4:
1. concentrate vi. 聚精会神，集中思想，多与 on 和 upon 或连用 Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。
e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.

2. acquire vt. 获得, 学到，取得，拥有 acquired, acquiring
e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.
Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.

3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责，指控 accused, accusing
e.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。
She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎.
He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.

4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, ... = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...
e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件非常重要的事。
The book is of great value to me. 这本书对我来说有很大价值。
There is nothing interesting/of interest in today's newspaper.

5. journalist n.新闻记者；新闻工作者
e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位专门的新闻从业人员

6. delighted a. 高兴的, 快乐的
e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很高兴。
【词语联想】
delight n. 高兴, 愉快 ； vt. 使高兴, 乐于； vi. 感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)
e.g.Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要爱好。

7. assist n. 帮助, 协助； vt. 帮助, 促进； vi. 协助, 参加
【习惯用语 】
Ø assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人[做某事]
Øassist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人[做某事]
Øassist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人[做某事]

◆ 区别: help, aid, assist 都含"帮助"、"援助"的意思。
Øhelp 系常用词, 意义较aid, assist 强, 指"以积极态度给予各方面的帮助", 强调"受助者得到帮助或好处", 并着重"受助者对帮助的需要"
e.g. Please help me arrange these papers.

Øaid 属较正式用语, 强调"帮助受助者脱离困难或危险", 有时意味着"强者援助弱者"
e.g. They aided flood victims.

Øassist是正式用语, 多指"在提供帮助时, 帮助者起次要或起协助作用"
e.g. She assisted him in his experiments.

Unit 5：
1. first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。

短语联想
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb's aid 帮助某人
teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护
with the aid of 借助于

get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如：
The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving.
My bike is getting (is being)repaired row.

2. Protect 动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。
e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.

【短语联想】
Ø Keep... from... 不让/避免
Ø stop... (from) ... 阻止
Ø prevent...(from) ... 妨碍/防止
Ødisable... from... 使……失去（能力/资格）
Øsave... from... 挽救、拯救

3.depend on 取决于。
e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live.词义拓展
depend on 依靠，依赖：His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他养活。
依赖，信任：We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday.
Depend on it that...
4. squeeze 动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子
squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词，
e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.

5. hurt 既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：
e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself.
The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司机在事故中受了伤。

6. unless 除非……；如果不……。如：

7. icy adj. 冰凉的
-y 是个形容词后缀。如：
windy 有风的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的
greeny 略呈绿色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的
thirsty 饥渴的 dirty 脏的 snowy 下雪的

8. in place 放在适当的地方。如：
e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。
Yon'd better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.

9. sense n. 感觉
sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉
sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉
sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感
sense of hunger 饥饿感 the sixth sense 第六感
make sense of sth. make sense to sb. make no sense
There is no sense / point in doing …
10. variety n. 多样, 种类,
★ a variety of… 各种各样……
【词语联想】
various a. 不同的, 各种的, 多方面的, 许多的
e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.

GRAMMAR
一、过去分词
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。

1. 作定语
作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.

2. 作表语
过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.

过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。

过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.（状态）
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.（动作）
I'm interested in chess.（状态）

3. 过去分词做状语
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词
Heated, water changes into steam.
Given another chance, he will do better.

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
倒装句：

一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 铃声响了。
Then came the chairman. 主席来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。

二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。 neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。

用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上学迟到。

用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我刚到车站,火车就离开了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚离开,电话就响了。
Not until the teacher came did