高中英语重要动词短语及其他短语归类.doc

词 组 专 题

Part one: 动词短语
基本要点：动词常与介词和副词、形容词、名词搭配在一起，构成短语动词。最常见的有以下几类：
I、动词+介词（at, for, after, on, to, with, of, from, in, into, through, about等）构成的词组,相当于一个及物动词,其宾语只能接在介词之后。
They finally agreed on the plan. This job calls for skills and patience.
The bank was broken into last night. We’ll think about it.
II、动词+副词(up, off, out, away, on, in, over, down, about,round/around等)构成的词组
1. 一部分为不及物动词短语，不能直接加宾语， 也无被动。如：break out, come about, come out
2．一部分为及物的动词短语, 其宾语如果是名词，可前可后；若是代词，则只能放在当中。
You can call your teacher up=You can call up your teacher You can call him up. We’ll think it over.
III. 动词+副词+介词: 相当于及物动词
We must make up for the lost time. 我们必须弥补失去的时间。 Do I have to do away with my habit? 我是不是得除掉我的习惯？
IV. 动词+名词 / (反身)代词+介词: 相当于一及物动词
He never helps me without trying to take advantage of me. ( 利用) In school, I often take charge of various activities. （负责 / 管理）
一、常见介词、副词与常用动词构成的短语动词
1. V+about(介词：关于)：皆为及物短语动词
ask / inquire about: 询问…的情况 care about: 在乎;/介意;关注 quarrel about/over为…争论/争吵
argue about/over为…争论/ /辩论 debate about /on为/关于…辩论 discuss about讨论，议论
worry about：担心 concern about:关心，挂念 know/learn about:了解
read about:读知, 阅后得知 talk about:谈论 hear about:听说（=hear of）
complain about（抱怨/投诉） bring about带来，造成 think about:考虑
speak about:谈到，谈论(=speak of) set about doing sth着手做某事 do sth about...想办法/采取措施解决...
V+about(副词:到处/四周)：皆为不及物短语动词
walk/go about:四处走动 move about:四处走,经常搬家 wander about:漫步/徘徊
hang about :闲荡 come about : 发生 look about/around:环顾;(商店中)四处看
2. V+across（介词或副词）
come across...:偶遇(=come upon) run across...:偶然发现/碰到 cut across: 抄近路穿过/横越; 影响
put /get(…) across to sb: 解释/传达，使某人明白… It took me an hour to get my intention across to her.
3. V+after(介词)
be after:寻求,寻找，追求 go/run/chase after:追赶/逐 look after:照顾
take after: 长得像;学某人的样 ask after:探问/询问 name... after...:以…名字命名...
4. V+along
come along 跟着一起来Will you come along with me? 进展/进步She is coming along nicely after the operation.
bring/take。。。along把…带来/去 get along /on 相处；进展 get along/on with sb/sth与某人相处；在...进展
5. V+against(介词):
argaue against:（发表意见）反对/反驳 be against:反对 fight/struggle against:与…做斗争
go against:违背，反对；对...不利The case might go against him. He went against the advice of his colleagues and resigned. turn against:背叛; 对…采取敌对态度 . Even those who are once for him begin to turn against him.
warn against: 警告不要, 提醒提防 I would warn against such an adventure
prevent /guard / provide against预防 We have to provide against accidents. These rules can prevent /guard against accidents.
6 V+ apart(副词或形容词: 分别/分开的)
take apart拆开;剖析 tear apart:扯/拆开,使心碎 tell …apart:分别/区别
set apart:区别，突出 fall/come apart: 瓦解/崩溃
7. V+ round(副词)
get round 传开来; 四处走动It was not long before the news got round that Tracey was dating James.
get sb round: 说服某人He is determined and won’t give in—see if you can get him round
get round to( doing) sth: 终于去做/找到时间做 I haven’t even got round to unpacking from my holiday yet.
come round:恢复/苏醒Pour some water on his face he'll soon come round. Don't scold the boy; he'll come round in time.
改变意见She will never come round (to our way of thinking).
(非正式的)来访，到来；绕道 Come round when you have time. Christmas will soon come round.
bring.. round/around(to...): 使某人恢复知觉 We managed to bring her round with some smelling salt.
说服某人改变想法Bring him round to our point of view
把话题转到... He brought the discussion round to football.
8. V+aside(在一边,另外)
put/leave/set…aside:留出/拨出以备专用; 撇开/搁置一边不考虑 lay aside:暂放一边 throw aside:抛弃
aside from = besides 除...外(还有)
9. V+as(介词：充当/作为)
serve as:充当，用作 act as: 扮演，充当 work as: 充当,担任…工作 function as:充当（…功能）
10. V+at(介词)
shout /yell at:对…叫喊 knock at:敲 laugh at:嘲笑 fly at:扑向
point at:指向/着，对准 come at:袭击,达到 go at:扑向,尽力干 catch at:想抓住,渴望
shoot/fire at:向…开火 aim at旨在；瞄准；企图 target at把…瞄准… attempt at 尝试/企图; 努力
look at:看 stare at:盯着看;凝视 glare at:怒视 glance at瞥见，看一下(浏览)
call at sp:访问某地 drop in at sp顺便走访某地 arrive at：到达; 达成 arrive at conclusion/agreement
work at:从事,钻研 wonder at:对…惊奇 estimate at: 估计
11.V+ away(副词)
put away: 放好/收好；储存备用;舍弃 give away:赠送，分送; 泄露 turn away:解雇; 把…打发走
send away:驱逐,解雇 clear away:清除，移走 wear away: 磨掉,(时间)消逝
throw away:扔掉,抛弃 take away:拿走 smooth away:克服，消除
pass away:去世/逝世 go away:走开,离开 die away(风/声音)渐息/渐弱;(树木)凋零/枯萎
12. V+ back(副词)
keep back:阻挡; 隐瞒;扣留 hold back:忍住，抑制住 bring back: 拿回；使…回想起，使恢复
take back:带回；撤销/收回（说的话） give back:归还;反射(光等) get back 找回/取回;回来
call back:回电,召回处理 answer back:回嘴 pay back:偿还，向…报复，回报
13. V+by(介词或副词):
go by路过某地; 时间过去 pass by经过某地；(时间)逝去 stand by旁观(=look on);准备行动；支持/忠于某人;坚持/遵守
14.V+ down(介词或副词)
turn down:调低(音量等);拒绝某人 let sb down 使某人失望 put down：放下，记下，镇压
note / put / take down:记下 take down取下；记下；拆卸 tear/pull down 拆毁
break down: 出毛病;破裂;崩溃；分解 burn down烧毁 cut down: 削减，减少；杀死，砍倒
keep down压制；控制，缩减开支 hold down 压制；抑制(热情等) 缩减 slow down使慢下来,减缓
knock down击/撞倒;拆除;使降价 bring down使降落/下降,降价 go down:下降，减少；沉没
go down with生…病 lay down:放下，铺设 hand down:传递，遗传下来
pass down: 传下来 fall down落下；跌到；倒塌；失败；证明是不行的 die down:渐熄
calm down 平静/镇定下来 settle down定居;平静下来 settle down to安定下来专心于
get down: 从…下来;下车;写下;使沮丧 get down to开始认真做，着手做
15.V+for(介词)
make for:向…前进; 有利于/促进 head for驶向,走向 set sail for /set off for向某地驶去/出发
leave for动身去某地 look for:寻找 hunt for搜索，寻找
call for:需要/要求; 提倡; 邀约/约请(call for sb) wait for:等待 care for喜欢,关心
apply for请求/申请 answer for 对…负责 be to blame for... 应对...负责
pay for 偿还, 赔偿 stand for 代表，意味着，主张，支持 send for 派人去请某人
go for: 袭击；适用于；想要获得；喜爱 ask for:要求/要; 找某人(ask for sb) run for竞选
praise/punish/scold sb for...因..赞扬/惩罚/责骂sb account for是…的原因;解释;占据 allow for:考虑到；顾及
arrange for: 安排 struggle/fight for:为…而斗争 fall for:迷恋/对…倾心；上某人的当
hope/wish /long for sth:希望/渴望 be dying/eager/thirty for...渴望
16. V+forward(副词)
bring forward:提出; 将…提前 put forward 提出; 促进；将钟拔前 push forward:推进/继续进行
Look forward:展望未来 look forward to (doing) sth盼望，期待 carry forward:推进;发扬
17. V+from(介词):
learn from:向…学习 suffer from:遭受/忍受 recover from:康复/恢复
hear from (~sb):收到某人信;有某人的消息 die from 死于… result from由…引起
rise from由…引起/带来 differ from=vary from与…不同 benefit from得益于
date from:始于 =date back to originate from:起源于 tell /distinguish...from...把...和...区别开来
18. V+in(介词或副词))
succeed in(doing) sth在…成功 fail in在…失败; 在…不足/疏忽 believe in信任，信仰;相信…存在
lie in在于 result in 造成/引起 let in 让…进入；放…出来
take in接受/吸/纳；理解，领会；欺骗某人 bring in引进；挣得(钱报酬等)；生产/ 收获 get in 进入；收获/收割；插入(话)
break in闯入;打断/插话（不及物） burst in 闯入;打断(不及物) cut in 插嘴, 插入超车
turn in交还/上交；检举/告发(~oneself自首); 睡觉，向内拐 draw in:收网 check in 登记, 报到
give in屈服/让步(give in to sb/sth) pull in 车子进站;靠边停下(=pull over) hand in 上交
drop in顺便走访(drop in on sb / at sp) bring in 挣得/赚;引进;生产 send in呈报，递送，提
call in召集/请来, 回收 end in...:以…告终 share in:分担
compete in:参加…(竞争) join in:参加 participate in:参加
take part in参加 fill in:填写 involve... in:...使...卷入...
19. V+into(介词)
get into 进入,卷入 look into 窥视/观察；调查 inquire into: 调杳
cut into 侵犯, 打断 break into 闯入;打断 burst into 闯入,突然…起来(~tears/laughters)
dive into潜入;钻研 knock/run into偶然碰到某人 bump/knock/run into撞上
fall into:分成(类/组);开始 develop into:发展成 turn/ change into变成
20. V+of(介词)
think of 考虑,想到/起, 认为（think of...as...） hear of听说(=hear about） die of 死于…
dream of/about 梦见；梦想做 talk of/speak of 谈到/提到 tell of叙述、讲述
consist of（由…组成=be made up of） approve of:赞成/批准 become of:..怎么样(What will become of Tom?)
21. V+off(副词或介词)
set off出发 (=set out), 引爆；引起 start off 出发(=start out) ring off 挂断电话
take off脱衣;打折(take 20% off)，请假(take 2 days off); 起飞，突然成功/盛行起来 hang off 畏缩不前, 迟疑 show off 炫耀/卖弄;使显眼 come off 举行/进行;成功;结果(~ well) go off 离开; 爆炸,声音响起 pay off还清债务; 得到回报，获得成功 cool off 变凉/冷却；冷静 drop off 让某人下车
break off 折断，中断 cut off 切断, 断绝, 截断，中断 turn off(关掉, 避开;使厌烦(~sb),
give off 发出(光、声音等)，散发出(气味) call off 取消;制止住(~ the dog) put off 推迟;使打消/不想;使厌
see sb off 为某人送行get off 下车 keep off 避开/不接近(=stay/keep away from) send off派遣, 解雇,送行
come off从…掉下来 pull off 脱/扯下; 努力实现/赢得 fall off(vt) 从…掉下来；(vi) 下降/降低
22. V+on(介词或副词):
get on 上车 take on 呈现;雇用;承担;受欢迎/流行 call on 拜访某人;号召/呼吁
depend on 依赖/靠;取决于;信任 rely on 依赖, 依靠 operate on 给某人动手术
work on 从事/写书；影响 live on 以...为主食;靠...生活 insist on坚持(~doing sth)
agree on就…达成一致 act on对...起作用, 按...行动, 作用于 comment / remark on/about评论
focus on 集中于，以…为中心 concentrate on 专注于 fix on:确定/选定(日期/地点等)
hold on 别挂电话/稍等；坚持 hang on 不挂断 walk/move on 继续前行
go on发生/进行, 继续 catch on变得流行, 理解 look on旁观; 看待(~ sb as…)
put on 穿上, 装出/假装; 上演, 增加 try on 试穿 pull on 匆忙地穿/戴
have…on 穿着 turn on 打开，展现出 catch on 钩/卡/绊在…上
bring on(=bring upon)引起/惹来; 使加速生长 count on 依靠;期待，指望 carry on 继续开展，进行下去
23. V+out(副词)
give out vi 用尽/精疲力竭; vt.分发, 发表/布, 发出(气味/热) run out vi.用光/耗尽 run out of... vt.把...用光
burst out 迸发；突然..起来(~laughing/crying) break out vi.爆发 set out 出发； 着手（~ to do sth)
start out 出发 stand out(突出;显眼) stick out突出/显眼; 伸出,
come out 出来;长出; 公开; 出版；结果 go out 出去, 熄灭, 过时 turn out 结果是; 生产
work out vi.锻炼, 结果; vt..算出,解决,制订出,了解某人 die out 灭绝,(习俗)逐渐消失 look/watch out (for...)当心
pull out撤离,离站(=pull away) check out 付帐后离开 drop out中途退出；辍学
help sb out 帮助摆脱困难 make out理解;辨认出;编造 figure out计算出;领会到
act out表演出来;把…付锗行动 speak out大胆/大声地说 read out大声地读出来
send out放出，发送, 派遣 put out关熄/扑灭; 生产,困扰某人 hand out:分发
cut out 切掉/裁剪出；中止 leave out 省去, 遗漏, 不考虑 bring out 使显露； 生产
wear out:穿坏/用坏;使疲劳(=tire sb out) find out弄明白/查明;揭发 tear out撕下, 扯下
let out 发出叫喊;泄漏; 放宽/大;出租 carry out 实施，执行 try out 试验
point out 指出 pick out 挑选出 keep out 把…挡在外面
think out:想出 clear out:清除，扫出 kick out:解雇
24. V+ over(副词)
think over仔细考虑 hand over 移交；让与 take over 接任；接管；接收
get over做完;痊愈/康复;克服 look over 翻阅/浏览;检查 go over 仔细检查;复习
turn over 打翻;翻页/阅；移交;反复考虑 run over:浏览,车压过 win over:战胜；争取/说服
watch over: 查看，监视 pull over( vi) 靠岸, 开到路边 come over (vi)上前来，顺便来访
25 .V+through(介词或副词)
look through审核;浏览;看穿 break through 突破;克服 go through 经历;仔细查看;被批准/通过
cut through抄近路,凿穿 see through 看穿,识破 live through:度过;经历…而不死
get through接通电话;通过; 完成；使被理解/了解(get sth through/across to sb) put through给某人接通电话;完成
bring sb through 使脱险，使渡过难关 务员 pull through恢复健康;使某人度过难关
fall through:失败/未能实现 carry through:完成/坚持到底
26. V+to(介词)
listen to听 belong to属于 reply to回答
respond to对…应答/回应 react to:对…产生反应/作出回应 apologize to 向某人道歉
agree to 同意某事 add to 增加,增添 stick to坚持(stick to sth)
turn to 转向/致力于;求助于;查阅/参考 come to涉及/谈及;达到;突然想起(Sth come to sb)合计，苏醒（~ oneselfsth
sth occur to sb /It occurred to sb that突然想起 lead to 通向;导致 contribute to 对…作贡献;促成/造成
refer to 提到;涉及;参考/查阅(=turn to) object to 反对 attend to 专心于;照顾
take to 喜欢; 沉溺于 apply to 适用于 appeal to吸引(~sb);;呼吁/上诉;
get to到达,抓住问题的要害 amount to总计/共达(=add up to=come to);等于/相当于 point to 指着
see to 负责/注意；关照(see to it that…) drink to:祝酒/为…干杯 adust/adapt to:适应
keep to:不离开/固守；遵守（~the right） attach… to…把…附/粘在…上 attach importance to:重视
attach oneself to依恋/接近(be attached to:附属于，爱惜/爱慕) attend to专心；照顾，护理
subject...to... 使…服从，使…遭到/经受... be subjected to... 受到，遭遇到，经受
devote...to... 奉献/致力于（be devoted to...） commit oneself to 献身于，致力于
27. V+up(副词)
make up组成/构成；虚构; 补足/弥补(make up for…）;整理/包装；和解(make up with sb);化妆
set up 建起/竖立,建立事业/成立组织; set oneself up as自称为 think up 想出;捏造
put up 举起；张贴，建造；提供资金，为…提供食宿(put sb up） warm up:使变暖;热身运动
do up 束起/系/扣/拉上; 重新整修/收拾齐整; 打扮(do oneself up); 包起来/包扎
pick up捡起;收听;(无意)学到/买到/染上;接人/取货;增加/改善（pick up speed/health) ;pick oneself up再爬起来/振作精神
take up 占据, 拿起/开始从事, 继续（take up the story/song) clear up 整理;消除 show up揭露；露面
turn up出现/露面；开大声 hang up 挂断电话 step up加快;促进/增加/提高
speed up: 加速 break up分手;破碎;分裂 split up分手/离
come up 走近; 上升/发芽; 被提出 go up 上升/增长;被建起来 clear up 放晴
stand up 站立；耐用/经得起；（论点、论据等）站得住脚 get up 起床 ring /call sb up 给某人打电话
look up 查寻/找;抬头看/尊敬；好转 keep up 保持/维持(体温/勇气等) send up 发射；长出
give up 放弃/停止 cut up 切碎,使受苦(cut sb up） bring up培养;提出; 呕吐
break up 打碎，结束，驱散 wake up 叫醒 draw up:草拟/拟定；汲取
use up 用光（vt）