人教版中考英语基础知识复习资料.doc

初一年级上学期（7A）Unit 1-3重 点 词 组football field足球场World Cup 世界杯lots of friends 许多朋友be born 出生after school 放学后wake up 醒醒work hard 努力工作wear glasses 戴眼镜love dancing 爱跳舞football player 足球运动员badminton court 羽毛球场swimming pool 游泳池English club 英语俱乐部at lunchtime 在午饭时间take the bus 乘公共汽车at the weekend 在周末look happy 看上去高兴have a good time 过得愉快do morning exercises 做早操make model planes做模型飞机the sharp teeth锋利的牙齿Dragon Boat Festival 端午节Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节Chinese New Year 春节be good at swimming 擅长游泳twice a week 一周两次walk her dog 遛她的狗at the volleyball court在排球场meet up with 与约好见面knock on the door 敲门cut out割出（某个形状）have fun有乐趣rice dumplings 粽子play a trick on them 捉弄他们red packets 红包take my dog for a walk带狗去散步like listening to music 喜欢听音乐play for 为踢球have lessons 上课have breakfast 吃早饭in winter 在冬天listen to the radio 听收音机on October 1st 在10月1日at Christmas 在圣诞节dress up as a ghost装扮成一个鬼lion dance 狮子舞go running for half an hour跑半个小时spend(in)doing 花（时间或金钱）干某事enjoy playing computer games 喜欢玩电脑游戏give us some candy as a treat 用一些糖果招待我们a member of the Swimming Club 游泳俱乐部的一位成员watch football matches on TV 观看电视里的足球赛know a lot about computers知道许多有关电脑（的知识）on the evening of October 31st 在10月31日的晚上make lanterns out oranges 用橘子做出灯笼shine through the eyes透过眼睛闪烁着on the other side of the flash card在幻灯卡的另一面give them a treat of some candy用一些糖果招待他们look forward to something / doing something 期盼某事/ 期盼做某事语 法 精 讲1、一般现在时1）一般现在时的形式主语为第三人称单数时，需在动词原形后加s或es:A. 多数动词后面加s。 如 eateats, playplays, swimswims, walkwalks。B. 以字母o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词后面加es。如 dodoes, gogoes, guessguess, fixfixes, teachteaches, pushpushes。C. 末尾为-y的动词分两种情况：a. 若-y前为辅音字母时，则将-y变为-i，再加-es。 如 studystudies, flyflies, crycries。（-y前分别为辅音字母d, l, r。）b. 如-y 前为元音字母时，则-y 不变，直接在-y后面加-s。元音字母共五个。它们是a, e, I, o, u。 如 saysays, buybuys, enjoyenjoys。（-y前分别为元音字母a, u, o。）2) 一般现在时所表达的含义A. 永恒的真理或事实。The sun comes out from the east. 太阳从东方升起。Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快。Cats eat fish.猫吃鱼。表述“现在时段”。“一般现在时可用以陈述现在时段内发生或存在的事件、动作或情况。这些事件、动作或情景说不定会无限地延续下去。但实际上， 我们的意思则是在说“这是现在存在着的状况”。My hair is very long.我的头发很长。Millie lives in Beijing.Millie住在北京。His parents work in a supermarket. 他的父母亲在一家超市里工作。B. 有规律发生的动作一般现在时可用来表示习惯性动作，也就是指不断重复的事情。这种用法通常可与表示时间的副词或词组伴随使用，如：often, always, usually, sometimes，seldom, every day。He gets to his company at half past eight every day.他每天八点半到公司。Simon always plays football after school.西蒙放学后经常踢足球。At the weekend, I usually go running for half an hour.周末我通常跑步半小时。Sometimes my mother flies a kite with me in the park. 有时我妈妈和我在公园里放风筝。2人称代词和物主代词 1）人称代词 A. 人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。如果是作句子主语成分的人称代词就必须使用主格形式；如果是作句子宾语成分的人称代词就必须使用宾格形式。还有，在介词后面必须使用宾格形式。如：She likes her dog. She often walks him. 她喜欢她的狗。她经常带他遛遛。（she是主格，him是宾格。） Where are they? I cant find them. 他们在哪里？我找不到他们。（they、I是主格, them是宾格） Dont worry about me! I can look after it well. 别为我担心。我可以照看好它的。（about和after是介词，me和it是宾格。） B. 习惯顺序 如果主语是几个并列的人称代词时，习惯顺序是：we, you and they；you, he / she and I。 You, he and I are classmates. 你、我、他是同班同学。C. 中性代词it的用法 It除了可指代动物、事物外，还可以指时间、天气、距离或温度。如：I have a lovely cat. I like it very much. 我有一只可爱的猫。我非常喜欢它。（it指动物） English is very useful. It is my favourite subject. 英语很有用。它是我最喜爱的学科。（it指事物） It is about five kilometers from here. 离这儿大约五公里。（it指距离） Its 9:00pm. I must go. 现在晚上九点了。我必须走了。（it指时间） How windy it is today! 今天风多大啊！（it指天气） 另外，it也可用于以下情况之中： 弄不清婴儿或小孩性别时：What a lovely baby it is! 多么可爱的宝宝啊！ 看不见对方时：- Theres a knock on the door. Go and see who it is. - Its Jim.- 有人敲门。去看看是谁。 - 是吉姆。（ring!）- Hello! Who is it? - Its Mary speaking. -喂，谁呀？-是玛莉。 照片或图片中的人物：- Whos the little boy? - Its me. 那小男孩是谁？- 是我。 2）物主代词 物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的作用，只能作定语，后面必须要跟上一个名词；而名词性物主代词则具有名词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语或宾语。换言之，名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 如：The red one is her car. Mine is the blue one. 红色的那辆是她的车。我的是那辆兰色的。（mine = my car, 且在句中作主语。） I dont want their answers. Tell me yours. 我不要他们的答案。告诉我你的答案。（yours = your answer, 且在句中作宾语。）3. Some dogs just dont know how to have fun.一些狗就是不懂怎么玩。1）在此句中“how to have fun” 是know的宾语。“疑问词+to do”形“所表达的含义相当于一个名词，因此，它可充当句子的主语成分或是宾语成分。如：Where to look for the lost boy is still a big problem now. （作主语）去哪里找那个失踪的男孩仍是个大问题。We are talking about which book to buy first. (作宾语) 我们在谈论先买哪本书。2）“have fun”的“思是“嬉戏”、“娱乐”。“un 是不可数名词，也可作定语，意为“有趣”、“逗笑”。“： We had lots of fun at the party today! 我们今天在聚会上玩得很开心！ It is a fun hat. 它是顶可笑的帽子。4My favourite lessons are Chinese and English.我最喜欢的课程是语文和英语。 Favourite 是形容词，意为“最喜欢的”。“可以和“likebest”的形式替换。如：Whats his favourite colour? His favourite colour is blue. 可转换为What colour does he like best? He likes blue best. 他最喜欢什么颜色？他最喜欢兰色。5. Millie goes to the Reading Club twice a week. 米莉一星期去读书会两次。 twice a week 意思是“一周两次”。“是用来表示“频率”的“语，其中，twice 表示“两次、两倍”，“once 表示“一次、一倍”，“次或三倍以上用time表示。如：Please take the pills three times a day. 请一天服用三次这种药丸。 How often do they go back to their hometown? Once a year. 他们多久回一次家乡？一年一次。Now my schoolbag is twice as heavy as it was. 现在我的书包的重量是以前的两倍。6He teaches us English. 他教我们英语。 teach somebody something 意思是“教某人某事”；“teach somebody to do something 意思是“教某人干某事”。“中的somebody是宾格形式，不是形容词性物主代词。如：The man under the tree teaches them P.E. 树下的那个人教他们体育。 Could you teach me to drive a car? 你能教我开车吗？7Do you have any money? No, I dont have any money. 你有钱吗？不，我没钱。在否定句中，some要改为any；在问句中，some通常也要改为any。但如果当提问者期待他的问题能得到肯定答案时，问句中的some不需改成any。如：Are there any eggs in the basket? Yes, there are some. 篮子里有鸡蛋吗？是的，有一些。I only bought some drinks. I dont buy any food. 我只买了些饮料，没买食物。Would you like some snacks? Yes, please. 你要些小吃吗？好的。（提问者希望对方接受他的建议。）Could you give me some paper? 你能给我一些纸吗？（提问者希望对方给他纸。）8Every day except Monday. 除了星期一，每天（都开放）。 except 意思是“除了之外”，“介词。如：Everyone except me goes to school by bike. 除了我之外，所有的人都是骑车上学的。 We can see all the colures in this picture except grey. 除了灰色，我们能在这幅画里看到所有的颜色。 另外，except和besides虽都解释为“除了之外”，“except是将紧跟其后的宾语“排除在外”，“besides则将宾语内容“包含在内”。“ 如：We all have finished homework except him. 除了他之外，我们都已经完成了回家作业。（他还没有完成。） We all have finished homework besides him. 除了他以外，我们大家也已经完成了回家作业。（他也完成了。）9Thank you for organizing the class trip. 谢谢你组织这次班级旅行。 Thank somebody for doing something 意思是“感谢某人做某事”。“词for后的动词要使用-ing形式。如：Thank you for showing me the way to school. 谢谢你指给我看去学校的路。 其实，跟在介词后面的动词都必须使用-ing形式。如：Nick is good at singing.尼克擅长唱歌。 Its time for playing games. 到做游戏的时候了。 I spent five minutes in drawing a dog. 我花了5分钟画了只狗。 The kids look forward to eating ice cream. 孩子们盼望着吃冰激凌。 You can drink it without getting fat. 你喝了它不会发胖。10We would like to go to Beijing Zoo in Xicheng District. 我们想去西城区的北京动物园。 would like something 意思是“想要某物”，“want something”；“ould like to do something意思是“想要干某事”，“want to do something”。“如：I would like a cup of tea. = I want a cup of tea. 我想要杯茶。 Would you like to go with me? = Do you want to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？ 注意：would like to do something 与 like doing / like to do something (喜欢干某事)不要混淆。如：Id like to watch English movies. 我想要看英语影片。 I like to watch English movies. 我喜欢看英语影片。11Im going to see the doctor at three oclock in the afternoon on 12th October. 我打算10月12日下午3点去看医生。时间表达法有多种，不同的时间搭配的介词也各不相同。如下表所示：at确切的时刻（0:00）at 10 oclock , at four thirty用餐时间at lunchtime, at coffee time, at dinner time节日at Christmas, at Halloween年龄at 16, at the age of 35其它时刻at noon, at night, at midnight， at the weekendon具体到以“天”计“的时间on Sunday, on Friday afternoon, on October 4th, on your birthday, on Christmas Day, on that evening, on the evening of July 1st, on a cold morningin泛指一天中的某个时段in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening月份、年份、季节、世纪in May, in winter, in 2005, in the 21st century, 一段时间in five minutes, in ten days, in three weeks, 12What do you think of your new school? 你认为你的新学校怎么样？ Whatthink of 意思是“认为怎么样？”相“的表达方式还有“Howlike”。“如：What do you think of her new novel? 你认为她的新小说怎么样？ How do you like my new dress? 你认为我的新裙子怎么样？ 注意：Whatthink of 虽解释为“认为怎么样？”，“疑问词是what，而不是how。13Could you tell me the answer to number two? 你能告诉我第二题的答案吗？ the answer to 的意思是“的答案”。“词to的含义是“的”，“用介词of。类似的短语还有the key to 钥匙；the way to 去的路；the ticket to 的票。14. Is it time for breakfast?是吃早饭的时间了吗？Its my first time to see it and I am very excited. 这是我第一次见到，我很兴奋。It is time for something / It is time to do something 意为 “是做某事的时候了”。“It is time for somebody to do something. 意为“是某人该干某事的时候了”。“Is it time for breakfast? 也可转换成 Is it time for having breakfast? 或Is it time to have breakfast?如：It is time to play tennis. 可转换成 It is time for tennis. 或 It is time for playing tennis. It is time for us to play tennis. 到我们打网球的时候了。 Its time for me to change now. 是我该改变的时候了。 而It is ones first/second time to do something 意为“是某人第几次干某事了。”“：Its my first time to see it. 这是我第一次看见它。 It is his third time to make the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。15Can I borrow your pen? 我能借你的钢笔吗？ borrow意为“借进”，“用的短语是borrow .from ；lend 意为“借出”，“用的短语是lend to 。如：My friend borrowed a book from the library yesterday. 昨天我朋友从图书馆里借了本书。（对于主语my friend来说是借进。） Could you lend some money to me? = Could you lend me some money? 你能借我些钱吗？（对于主语you来说是借出。）16. Im dressing up as a ghost. 我正在装扮成一个鬼。 dress up as 的意思是“乔装打扮成”；“ress up in 的意思是“用乔装打扮”；“ress somebody 的意思是“给某人穿衣服”；“ress oneself 的意思是“自己穿衣服”。“ 如：Ill dress up as Monkey King. 我要装扮成猴王。 She dressed up in red / red clothes this Tuesday. 本周二她穿了红衣服。 She has to dress her baby every morning. 她不得不每天早晨给她的宝宝穿衣服。 Look! Kate can dress herself now. 瞧！现在凯特可以自己穿衣服了。17Usually, they give us some candy as a treat. 通常他们用糖果招待我们。 The neighbours usually give them a treat of some candy. 邻居通常用糖果招待他们。 give somebody something as a treat与give somebody a treat of something都解释为“用某物招待某人”。“此,“they give us some candy as treat.”等“于“they give us of a treat of some candy.”。“此外，as也有许多含义：好像（某人）；当作、作为；作为（某种身份）；当的时候；由于；按照；as as 意为“和一样”。“如：He dressed as a policeman. 他穿得像个警察。I treat her as my good friend. 我把她当作好朋友。As a student, you should get to school on time. 作为一名学生，你应该按时到校。We watched TV as he cooked dinner. 他烧饭的时候，我们在看电视。As they were very hungry, they ate up all the food very soon. 由于很饿，他们很快吃光了所有的食物。Do it as the teacher says. 按照老师说的做。The boy is as tall as his father. 那男孩和他的父亲一样高。I found the same book as hers. 我找到了和她的（书）一样的书。典 例 解 析1_ your mother at home now?A. DoesB. DoC. IsD. Are2He is not a good boy. He often _ his homework.A. doesntB. dont doesC. dont doD. doesnt do 3- Can I _ your dictionary? - Sorry, Im using it. I cant _ it to you.A. lend, lendB. borrow, lendC. borrow, borrowD. lend, borrow4- _ the boys enjoy _ the World Cup? - Yes, they _.A. Does, watching; does B. Do, watch; do C. Do, watching; do D. Do, to watch; do5Nick hopes he can meet all _ classmates in Beijing Zoo.A. the otherB. the othersC. otherD. another 首先要弄清这四个答案的区别：the other可以指“两者中的另一个”，“成句型“one, the other.”，也可后接名词的复数形式，意为“其余的/剩余的一些”；“he others中的“others”是代词，后面不可再接名词；other的意思是“其他的，另外的”，“面必须接名词才构成有意义的短语，other前没有the, 也就没有范围限制；another的意思是“另一个”，“面可接名词（通常接名词的单数形式。若接名词的复数形式，则将这个复数形式看作一个整体。），也可直接作代词使用。因而，答案B与D可先排除了。然后要知道all后接名词时通常要在此名词前加上定冠词the。故答案应选A。6- May I drink _ tea? - Sorry, I dont have _.A. any, someB. some, anyC. some, someD. any, any7Im going to visit the palace _ a warm afternoon.A. inB. atC. forD. on8Will you _ 100 yuan on this kind of toy?A. spendB. payC. costD. take解析：答案选A。句意为“你会花100元买这种玩具吗？”spend、pay、cost都可解释为“花钱”，“take则通常用于“花时间”。“么，spend的搭配是“spend (in) doing something”或“spend on something”,“语为“人”；“ay的搭配是“pay for something”，主语为“人”;“ost的搭配是“cost somebody ”，主语为“物”。“中有个介词“on”，“与其搭配的只有spend，因此，答案应选A。9Great! Its time to _ up with John and Amy. Im looking forward to _ them soon.A. meet, seeB. meeting, seeingC. meeting, seeD. meet, seeing10- Is this _ pen? - No, _ doesnt have a blue pen. _ is purple.A. she, her, hersB. hers, she, herC. her, hers, sheD. her, she, hers综 合 练 习 （A）笔 试 部 分III. 单项选择 (15%)（）1. -_ are they? - They are fine.A. WhereB. WhatC. WhoD. How（）2. - Are you _? - No, I am _.A. an English; an AmericanB. English; AmericanC. an English; AmericanD. English; a American（）3. _ there a book and some pictures on the desk? A. IsB. AreC. HaveD. Has（）4. My grandpa is 65. But he _ young.A. lookB. looksC. are D. /（）5. My cousin _ with me on Sunday.A. likes playB. enjoys playingC. like playingD. enjoys to play（）6. Are they good at _?A. drawB. to drawC. drawsD. drawing（）7. Her aunt has _.A. small mouthB. a long hairC. a big eyeD. a big nose（）8. My mother _ our games but my father _ them.A. dont watch, watchB. doesnt watch, watchC. doesnt watch, watchsD. doesnt watch, watches（）9. The little dog _ born in our house.A. is B. areC. wasD. does（）10. Its time _ a rest.A. forB. toC. ofD. with（）11-What colour _ Miss. Whites jeans? - _ dark blue.A. are, ItsB. is, It isC. are, They areD. is, They are（）12. - _ is this skirt? - Its my sisters.A. WhosB. WhatC. WhichD. Whose（）13. Kitty goes to see her uncle _ every Friday evening.A. / B. onC. inD. at（）14. There isnt _ in the basket.A. some breadB. any teaC. a meatD. any pears（）15. Thank you for _ me about it.A. tellB. to tellC. tellingD. toldIV. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 (5%)1. How old are those lovely _ (baby)? 2. Oh, yes, Ben _ (study) in our school.3. I think the twins love _(eat) Chinese food.4. Do the students always write _ (good)? Yes, they do.5. Look! _ their daughter at the door (be)?V. 句型转换 (5%) 1. Joa