中考英语语法.docx

目录
（一）中考英语语法精讲精练--名词专题复习 1
（二）中考英语语法精讲精练--代词专题复习 14
（三）中考英语语法精讲精练--形容词专题复习 32
（四）中考英语语法精讲精练--副词专题复习 47
（五）中考英语语法精讲精练--动词专题复习 59
（六）中考英语语法精讲精练--动词不定式专题复习 69
（七）中考英语语法精讲精练--介词专题复习 73
（八）中考英语语法精讲精练--连词专题复习 86
（九）中考英语语法精讲精练--动词时态(1) 97
（十）中考英语语法精讲精练--动词时态(2) 106
（十一）中考英语语法精讲精练--动词语态专题复习 112
（十二）中考英语语法精讲精练--句子种类(1)专题复习 129
（十三）中考英语语法精讲精练--句子种类(2)专题复习 134
（十四）中考英语语法精讲精练--冠词专题复习 138
（十五）中考英语语法精讲精练--情态动词专题复习 148
（十六）中考英语语法精讲精练--数词专题复习 158
（十七）中考英语语法精讲精练--情景交际专题复习 164
（十八）中考英语语法精讲精练--宾语从句专题复习 178
（十九）中考英语语法精讲精练--状语从句专题复习 186
（二十）中考英语语法精讲精练--定语从句专题复习 192
（二十一）初中英语语法--被动语态专项练习 197

（一）中考英语语法精讲精练--名词专题复习
First, 名词复数的特殊变化。

　　普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：

　　a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；

　　b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es；

　　c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es；

　　d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。

　　e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。

　　注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；

　　f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。

　　注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。

　　别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

　　a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men　workers， women teachers。

　　b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。

　　名词所有格：

　　表示"……的"通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Children's day，father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，.则表示"分别有"。.如：John's and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示"共有"。如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。

　　还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。

名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是 某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。常见的专有名词有：国家名称——China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France…；语言——Chinese, Japanese, English, French…；人名/地名—— Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai…由普通名词构成的专有名词——the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the People’s Hospital……。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：

　　（1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book, bike。

　　（2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, people, school。

　　（3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water, paper。

　　（4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news。

　　 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

格是名词的语法范畴之一。它是名词和代词的一种变化形式，在句中表示与其它词的关系。在英语中有些名词可以加“'s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。

　　它有两种不同的形式： 在名词尾加's 和of+名词结构。

　　下面我们来具体看看，名词所有格的使用情况。　

　　一、 在名词尾加's

　　1、 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。

　　2、 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle　工人的斗争，The teachers’ reading-room教员阅览室

　　3、 名词的所有格形式主要用于人、国家或动物等有生命的东西：

　　Lucy's hat, the cat's tail, students’ association

　　 4、表示时间：

　　a week's holiday一周的休假

　　today's paper今天的报纸

　　tomorrow's weather明天的天气

　　in two years' time两年的时间之内

　　ten minutes' break十分钟休息

　　two hours' delay两小时的耽搁

　　5、表示由人组成的集体名词：

　　delegation’s visit代表团的访问

　　nation’s youngsters我国的青少年

　　government’s policy政府的政策

　　company’s directors公司的董事

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。这和汉语不同，比如，在汉语中，我们说一个苹果，那就是一个苹果，没什么特殊变化。你要说三个苹果，只需把“一”换成“三”就可以了。而在英语中，一个苹果是one apple，三个苹果是 three apples，不仅数量词变化了，名词也有相应的变化。下面我们就将名词变复数的规则分为规则变化和不规则变化。
　　第一部分：规则变化

情况 构成法 读音 例词
一般情况（包括以e结尾的名词） 加-s -s在清辅音[p][t][k] [f]后读[s] Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces

在浊辅音和元音后读[z]

在辅音[s][z][d ?]后读[iz]

口诀：清清浊浊元浊
以s, x, ch, sh结尾 加-es 在[s][z][?][t?]后读[iz] Classes, boxes, watches, brushes
以辅音+y结尾 变y为i，加es 读[z] Cities, countries, studies
以元音+y结尾 加--s 读[z] Boys, rays, days

　　有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列:　　

情况 构成法 读音 例词
以o 结尾 加-es 读[z] Heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes
加-s 读[z] Bamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos
以f, fe结尾 变f, fe为v，再加-es 读[vz] Leaf-leaves

Life-lives

Wife-wives

Thief-thieves

Half-halves

Knife-knives

Wolf-wolves

Self-selves

Loaf-loaves
加-s 读[s] Roofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs

我们经常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规则。这就是名词的不规则变化。还有一些名词，单复数是同一个形式的。不过，我们还是可以通过一些比较，发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。

　　一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式，如：

　　man-men woman-women

　　tooth-teeth foot-feet

　　child-children goose-geese

　　mouse-mice ox-oxen

　　二、有些是外来词，仍保有原来的复数形式，如：

　　Phenomenon-phenomena（现象）

　　Formula-formulae（公式）

　　Thesis-theses（论文）

　　Basis-bases（基础）

　　Analysis-analyses（分析）

　　Criterion-criteria（标准）

　　Crisis-crises（危机）

　　Appendix-appendices（附录）

　　 三、部分单词的复数形式不变。

　　例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon, means→means

　　四、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

　　例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父　　

　　man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants　　

　　step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law.

　　但是，也有些合成名词，特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词，里面所含的成分，全都要变为复数，如：

　　Man-servant－men-servants，woman doctor－women doctors等

　　五、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的，但通常都作单数看待，如：

　　 Phonetics（语音学），physics（物理学），optics（光学），politics（政治），news（新闻）等。

　　六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

　　例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀，trousers长裤，wages工资，belongings所有物， surroundings环境，savings储蓄，findings调查结果，arms武器，clothes衣服，stairs楼梯，等

　　七、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，

　　例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼，papers文件，证件，greens青菜，manners礼貌，ruins废墟，troops军队，looks外貌，times时代，等

　　第三部分：不可数名词的计量方法

　　（1）一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示，（注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式）。如：

　　a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 a sum of money 一笔钱 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议

　　（2）用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可数名词

　　练习题：

　　1、 All the people at the conference are ______.

　　a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher

　　b. mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers (C)

　　2、All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.

　　a. women doctors c. woman doctors

　　b. women doctor d. woman doctor (a)

　　3、---Are there any ________ on the farm?

　　---Yes, there are some.

　　A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (D)

　　4、--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?

　　　 --- Certainly.

　　　A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water

　　　C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters (B)

　　5、Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.

　　　A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear (B)

　　6、There is some _______ on the plate.

　　　A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears (B)

　　7、The little baby has two _______ already.

　　　A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths (C)

　　8、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?

　　A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe (C)

　　 9、Please remember to give the horse some tree___.

　　A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave (B)

　　 10、He gave us____ on how to keep fit.

　　A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice (B)

　　 11、Please pass me _____.

　　A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters

　　C. two glasses of water D. two glass water (C)

　　 12、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______.

　　A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples (B)

　　 13、This table is made of __________.

　　A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass (D)

　　 14、______ can get a better view of the game than the participants.

　　A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons (B)

　　 15、Some ______ are flying kites near the river.

　　A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs (C)

　　 16、Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us.

　　A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news

　　C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news (B)

　　 17、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident.

　　A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life (B)

　　 18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn’t ____ oil here.

　　A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many (A)

　　 19、The police investigated those _____ about the accident.

　　A. stander-by C. standers-by

　　B. stander-bys D. standers-bys (B)

　　 20、Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday.

A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of (C)

【实例解析】
1.These _________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor
C. women doctors D. woman doctor
答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。
2.This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s
C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s
答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加’s。
3.---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。
4.---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?
---Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。

【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1．--- Where have you been, Tim?
　 --- I’ve been to ______.
　A. the Henry house B. the Henry family
　C. The Henry’s home D. Henry’s
2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.
　A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner
3．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .
　A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once
4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
　 --- Certainly.
　A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
　C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
　A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
6．There is some _______ on the plate.
　A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
7．In England, the last name is the _______ .
　A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name
8．The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
　A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans
9．The______ has two _______ .
　A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
10．The little baby has two _______ already.
　A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
11．What’s your _______ for being late again?
　A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news
12．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.
　　--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.
　A. woman and children B. women and child
　C. woman and child D. women and children
13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.
　　--- Thanks.
　A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS
　C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?
　A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’s Day
　C. Childrens Day D. Children Day
15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
　A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。
1. We’ve got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library.
2. Please turn to another _______（频道）, I don’t like this show.
3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.
.4. Autumn is my favourite (季节)
5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have?
---Three.
6. __________ are widely used in the modern world.
7. June 1st is __________(儿童) Day.
8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.
9. ---Does this piece of ______(音乐) sound nice?
---Yes. It’s wonderful!
10. May 12th is the International _______(护士) Day. Let’s say “ Thanks” to them for their work.
三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。
1. “What’s your n_______?”
“Li Lei.”
2. How many d_______ does your uncle have?
3. Please close the w______. It’s cold outside.
4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.
5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.
6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.
7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.
8. It’s only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.
9. Health is more important to me than m_______.
10. Be careful! It’s d__________ to run across the street now.

【练习答案】
一．1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B
二．1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Children’s 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses’
三．1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hour’s 9. money 10. dangerous

1. Our school held an activity called "Recommend Books to You Teachers". The students made a______of 1, 000 books.
　　A. note B. line C. menu D. list

　　2．-What's your favorite drink?
　　-__________.
　　A．Meat B．Milk C．Pear D．Sugar

　　3. -What's the matter with you?
　　-I have ______ ．
　　A．a cold B．a good time C．classes D．sports

　　4．All the ___ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday.
　　A．man B. men C. woman D. women

　　5. - Oh! There isn't enough ____ for us in the bus.
　　- No hurry. Let's wait for the next.
　　A. place B. land C. room D. floor

　　6. - You like surfing the net. Do you know what WWW means?
　　- Yes. It means ____.
　　A. Whole World Warm B. World Wide Web
　　C. Whole World Weather D. Wide World Work

　　7. - How can I tell one tree from another?
　　- You can mostly tell them by the______ of their leaves.
　　A. shape B. size C. age D. color

　　8. They got much______on the Internet .
　　A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information

　　9.-What's the meaning of NBA?
　　-It means _________.
　　A．不明飞行物 B. 英国广播公司
　　C．(美国)全国篮球协会 D．联合国

　　10.-Would you like some ____?
　　-No, thank you. I'm not hungry at all.
　　A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee

　　11．______ it was yesterday because of the storm!
　　A．What bad weather B. What a bad weather
　　C．How bad a weather D. How bad weather

　　12. -I don't know how to use this machine.
　　-It doesn't matter. Here is the ________.
　　A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement

　　13. How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?
　　- _________.
　　A. In five day's time B. In five days' time
　　C. In five days time D. For five days

　　14. -You didn't send me an e-mail last night, did you?
　　-Sorry. My ______ broke down. I couldn't get online.
　　A. computer B. car C. clock D. camera

　　15.Mr .Smith alw