高考完形填空解题指导.doc

高考完形填空解题指导
完形填空考察考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇，语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思通顺，结构完整。
一．高考重点考什么？
1． 短文题材多为故事性较强的记叙文或议论文，有夹叙夹议，有说明叙述，有列举事实，有心理活动描写，也有感叹等。
2． 考试中若考生的知识面不广，对上下文的语境判断不明，对常用动词的一些内在细微差别把握不准的话，很容易掉入选项的陷阱。
3． 尽管短文在形式上有残缺，但其内容，段与段之间的逻辑顺序，句子和段落之间的联系，句与句的衔接和词语的搭配依然若隐若现的表露出来。
4． 选项的设置以意义选择填空为主，以语法测试为辅；单词填空为主，词组和短语填空为辅。
二．解题方法和技巧
1．略读全文，掌握大意
略读就是快速的读，以了解文章内容，结构为目的。完形填空首先是测试理解能力，所有的题目只有在比较准确地理解短文意思，了解其文章结构和句子结构后，才能有把握去选填。很多考生在考试时为了节省时间，边读边选，这样做是十分容易出错的。因为边读边选会一再打断阅读理解的整体连贯性，不易统览全文，理清文章的脉络。边读边选还很有可能造成断章取义，一空填错，后面都跟着填错。较好的办法还是先花1～2分钟把文章略读一下，注意：略读的目的是读懂，只快不懂或似懂非懂，走个过场，那只是浪费时间和精力。考生要根据文章内容和自己的情况，调整自己的阅读速度。略读之后，对文章的内容，结构及文章的主要线索，都要心中有数。
　　完形填空短文的第一句通常不挖空。这是便于考生对短文主题，内容或背景有个大概了解。第一句也常直接点明主题内容，是设置语境的框架性句子。
　　值得一提的是，我们在通读全文时，不要拘泥于一词一义的了解。对个别不理解的单词，短语，只要不影响理解就可以不管它。
2. 瞻前顾后,谨慎选择
略读文章后,就开始选择。完形填空的每个空格究竟该选哪个选项才恰当，取决于以下几个方面：第一，语境，上下文。它包括选项与所在句子的语义联系，所在句子与周围语句的意义上的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文所起的作用以及其与文章的大意。第二，语法知识。从语境环境角度筛选后，不能得出最终答案，还要从语法角度再考虑动词的形式，句子的结构形式等。第三，必要的常识。第四，注意同义词，近义词的细微区别和一些固定搭配。总之，判断正确答案要从多角度去考虑，把语境，语法，词法，常识，固定搭配等有机结合起来，综合考虑，是做完型填空题的最佳方法。
3. 复读全文，仔细检查
完成选择后，最好再用一两分钟将短文从头看一遍。为了使这一篇阅读顺畅，建议“考虑”第二步，即把选择的词语用铅笔轻轻地填在空格中。阅读时，对感觉不恰当的，可尝试这样的解题步骤：
第一步：综观加联想。通读全文，掌握大意。在通读的过程中，通过前后联想，猜测空格词的意义，以期达到掌握大意的目的。
第二步：先易且定夺。对照选项再读全文。验证，修订原来的猜测，将有把握的答案确定下来。这时往往绝大多数小题都已解出。
第三步：攻读再复读。重点检查尚未解出的小题的前后句子，解出那些原来拿不准的少数题。
第四步：反思并修正。将侯选单词放入原文中，重读全文，看看有无逻辑上的问题，以期发现错误，改正错误。
三. 高考完形填空试题备考方略
针对高考的命题特点，考生应该在复习中特别注意以下几点：
1. 培养较强的阅读能力
完形填空题由于句子断结而使其难度增大，这就要求学生平时要加强阅读训练，注意首句对下面内容的提示，注意语篇内容的走势，上下文的联系，体会作者的意图，注意关键词的用法等。
2. 努力提高断句恢复能力
平时看书时可以有意将自己认为重要的词空出来，再有意地往里面填。可以多做一些填空题作为辅导性练习，要牢记常用的句式，短语及固定搭配，关注连接词连接的前后句的关系，学会分析句子的结构。
3. 刻意提高断句恢复能力
平时要加强对课文或者涉及某个主题的一小块内容的背诵，扩大自己的背景知识，增强自己的语言记忆能力和词汇的使用能力。
4. 积累大量有效词的用法
要有一定的词汇量，一个单词可以有几个词义，对常用的词义词性都应当掌握，要掌握常用的词语搭配和词语辨析。记单词时最好不要孤立地去记，要把单词放在句子中记，注意它和前后的关系，这样就把用法也记住了。
5. 要求熟练运用英语语法
实践证明，词汇，语法知识越丰富，阅读速度就越快，对短文的理解就越深刻越全面。
6. 积少成多量变促成质变
认真做好最近两年高考完形填空试题，并认真分析出错题目，查找原因。同时，最好利用早读时间反复背诵，强化语境感悟，实现与高考试题的“零距离”接触。

【例1】 在语境中选择
Before long, I happened to see a TV announcement about a reading 1 ,saying “Anyone can learn at any age. Better 2 than never.” So I decided to learn how to read from then on.
1. A. progress B. program C. practice D. plan
2. A. late B. early C.slow D.fast
【例2】依据常识选择
A few months ago, I worked for a short time as a cashier in a restaurant. I also helped to clean the tables when it was especially busy. One night, just 1 Christmas, I found a large black wallet lying on the floor near one of the table. I suppose I should 2 it for the owner’s identification, but I was very 3 at that time putting things back 4 I could go home. I thought if the wallet contained anything valuable, the owner would be back to get it. Sure enough, fifteen minutes later a man came to the 5 to ask if a wallet had been handed in. I asked him to 6 the lost wallet, and after he had done so, I gave it to him.
1. A. at B. after C. before D. on
2. A. search B. check C. examine D. test
3. A. tired B. busy C. excited D. eager
4. A. before B. after C. then D. or
5. A. table B. door C. counter D. owner
6. A. talk B. say C. describe D. recognize
【例3】利用上下文的逻辑关系进行选择
Many people believe that Americans love their cars almost more than anything else. They are 1 about cars. Not only is the car the 2 means of transportation in the States, it has 3 become a “plaything”. 4 the time youngsters become 14 years old or even 5 , they’re likely to start 6 of having their own cars.
1. A. crazy B. careful C. sure D. worried
2. A. quickest B. closest C. basic D. scientific
3. A. already B. just C. even D. also
4. A. From B. By C. At D. Until
5. A. later B. earlier C. less D. more
6. A. fond B. imagining C. wishing D. dreaming

能力测试
A
I never knew how well mother could keep a trust until I was going through her things after she died. I discovered something I had 1 forgotten, something that happened to me as a child.
One night, as I lay in bed 2 my sisters and I had said our prayers, I recalled the events of the day and how 3 I had behaved toward Mother.“I must make things right before going to sleep,”I thought.
Quietly I 4 out of bed and picked up pencil and paper from the dresser, then tiptoed into the hall. The 5 from the living room shone dimly. I knew Mother was downstairs mending socks.
I quickly 6 a note asking Mother to forgive me for being so 7 . I didn’t want my brothers and sisters to know our 8 so I added a postscript:“Please don’t let anyone see this.” Then I quietly moved 9 my parents’bedroom and put the letter under Mother’s pillow.
The next morning, when I 10 my bed after breakfast, I unexpectedly found a 11 note under my pillow. Mother wrote that she loved me and 12 me.
This became my 13 of apologizing whenever I talked back or disobeyed. Mother always left a return note, but she never 14 our under-the-pillow messages in front of the family. Even when we were 15 , she never mentioned them when we brothers and sisters recalled our childhood.
When Mother 16 , I had to go through her personal belongings. In her desk was a bundle of notes tied with a faded ribbon. On top was a message in her handwriting. It read, “In the event of my death, please 17 these.”
I 18 the packet and glanced at the handwriting on the bottom. To my surprise I 19 my childish writing, “P.S. Please don’t let anyone see this. Love, Edie.”
I gently placed the unopened bundle in the 20 along with other things for the rubbish burner. “Lord,” I prayed, “make me like my mother.”
1. A. long B. just C. never D. often
2. A. before B. after C. until D. since
3. A. well B. politely C. happily D. badly
4. A. jumped B. fell C. moved D. slipped
5. A. moon B. light C. needle D. thread
6. A. found B. sent C. wrote D. took
7. A. lazy B. late C. careless D. naughty
8. A. mistakes B. business C. relation D. love
9. A. out of B. around C. into D. behind
10. A. searched B. left C. made D. went to
11. A. different B. new C. return D. lovely
12. A. missed B. understood C. supported D. forgave
13. A. way B. secret C. favourite D. trick
14. A. spoke about B. passed round C. gave out D. read aloud
15. A. happy B. curious C. grown D. interested
16. A. went away B. passed away
C. went shopping D. went traveling
17. A. destroy B. keep C. hide D. read
18. A. picked up B. tore open C. looked through D. turned over
19. A. recognized B. lost C. destroyed D. liked
20. A. drawer B. wastebasket C. bedroom D. bookshelf
B
Last Thursday ,the day before I got on the plane to fly to China, I went to see a movie. It wasn’t just any movie, but the recently released Harry Potter blockbuster “The Philosopher’s Stone” that has 1 Britain, America, and now Japan, by storm.
The film is a tale of witchcraft 2 in modern-day Britain. Based on a book by J.K.Rowling, 3 tells the story of a very 4 baby, scarred at birth by an evil wizard who kills his parents. The only legacy(遗物) of the tragedy is a red 5 on the baby’s forehead--- and magical 6 , inherited（继承） from his mother and father, to fight against and overcome evil.
The Harry Potter myth was founded five years ago by Joanne Rowling, a 7 single mother living in Edinburgh, in the north of the United Kingdom. Today, 110 million 8 of her books have been sold worldwide. But before her publishers would 9 the first manuscript（手稿）, Joanne Rowling 10 agree to change her name on the book cover to J.K. Rowling 11 it was feared that children, 12 young boys, 13 not read an adventure story written by a woman. 14 , when the books became an overnight success, did it become generally known that the talented and creative author was 15 a young and attractive woman.
At the start of production, forty thousand 16 actors were auditioned （试演）and 17 for the screen role, yet Daniel Radcliffe was discovered when the producers took a 18 and went out to a theatre in London’s west end. There in the next row sat young Daniel who was visiting the theatre with his father 19 an evening’s entertainment. Daniel was screen tested and with J.K. Rowling’s agreement he was immediately 20 the part. Now kids around the world together with their parents are quite familiar with Harry Potter and the actor Daniel Redcliffe.
1. A. arrived B. taken C. hit D. brought
2. A. published B. shown C. set D. seen
3. A. he B. which C. one D. it
4. A. lovely B. interesting C. poor D. special
5. A. mark B. sign C. note D. character
6. A. energies B. strength C. power D. force
7. A. lonely B. serious C. weak D. poor
8. A. kinds B. copies C. pieces D. sets
9. A. receive B. admit C. accept D. allow
10. A. was to B. planned to C. had to D. preferred to
11. A. so B. since C. although D. because
12. A. particularly B. frequently C. greatly D. recently
13. A. should B. could C. would D. might
14. A. Even later B. Only later
C. Later in the year D. sooner later
15. A. in fact B. after all C. at least D. in time
16. A. men B. film C. play D. child
17. A. checked B. examined C. tested D. questioned
18. A. bus B. walk C. break D. look
19. A. to B. for C. at D. on
20. A. supplied B. provided C. acted D. offered
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