高考英语作文备考材料.doc

高考英语作文备考材料 英语写作各类题材鉴赏
一、介绍人物
请从下列人物中选择你最喜欢的一位，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。要求根据所给信息作适当发挥，且须包括以下三部分内容：
1.对该人物的简单介绍 2.喜欢该人物的理由 3.从该人物身上得到的启示。
Sample 1:Thomas Edison
Born in America. Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of imagination.
I dmire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to cam the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”, He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And this explained why he had so many great inventions.
What impresses me most is his famous saying. “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”. Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hardworking learner. From him, I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
Sample 2: Helen Keller
Every time I read “…..if I had the power of sight for three days”, I cannot help being moved by its author Helen Keller, an ordinary but great American woman.
I admire Helen because she is optimistic about life. She became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old. Since then she lived in a world of darkness and silence, and communication seemed only a dream for her, but she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life. Under the guidance of her teacher, Ms. Sulliven, Helen learned to read and write and became a famous writer. For a disabled person like her, this was really a wonder!
Helen has set an excellent example to all of us. Her story tells us that we should value what we have, and try our best go overcome any difficulty in life.
Sample 3:William Shakespeare
Do you know Hamlet? Have you read The Merchant of Venice? These two great works are both written by William Shakespeare, my favorite English writer and the man of all ages!
Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world, I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world; I love him because his poems let me enjoy the beauty of the English language; I admire him because his keen sights set me thinking and teach me how to lead a meaningful life!
Since “Life is a stage”, we are actually all actors and actresses. On this stage, everyone had his own role to play, and I will try my best to play my role well.
【写作指导】
1.介绍人物常用短语有：
work hard at…;do sth with great determination and perseverance（毅力）;be strict in sth./with sb.;
devote oneself to…;win a prize/the first prize in …competition;be good at… /do well in…;make rapid progress in …go through hardship/overcome many difficulties;have a gift/ talent for…
2 评价人物常用短语：
one of the best/ most important …;set a good example for…;a model teacher/worker;be respected by everyone;speak/ think highly of…;be honored as (an excellent athlete);His hard work brought him great success;… is the pride of …;make great contributions to…;be famous/known as;remember sb forever
二 介绍地点
一.常用句式和语言：
1.location(位置)
1)Our school lies near /behind / in front of / by the side of… / between / among…
2)There stands an old temple near the river.
3)Our city is located in…,
2.area (面积)
1)The size of our city is … square kilometers;
2)Tiananmen Square, the largest square in the world, covers / has an area of …
3)Tiananmen Square, with / covering an area of…, is the largest square in the world.
4)Our school , which takes up … thousand square meters, is very large in size.
3.surroundings (周边环境)
1)The beautiful town is located /situated on the west of the lake / to the west of the mountain / in the west of the province.
2)West of the city stands a tall building.
3)Surrounded by mountains on three sides, the small village faces a clear river on the east.
4.transport ( 交通)
1)It is very convenient for you to come to our city… 2)It takes … (time) to take a bus from…to...
3) … is only a few bus stops from downtown. 4) … is within easy reach.
5. population(人口)
1)Japan has a small population of
2)China is a developing country, with a population of 1.3 billion.
3)The population of our city is increasing year by year.
4)Eighty percent of the population here are farmers…
6.history (历史)
1)China has a history of over 5000 years.
2)Egypt is an Arabian country with a long history.
3)Built in the16th century, the castle has witnessed too much coming and going in history.
7.places of interest (名胜)
1)The places around our city are rich in a natural resources.
2)The city, known as…, attracts millions of visitors from all over the world.
3)The city is well-known / famous for its…/as…
4)The city is home/birthplace to …
5) … is a must-see for tourists, as…
6)The city offers visitors a moment’s rest from the busy city.
7) You are sure to have a wonderful time in…
8) Few visitors leave the city feeling disappointed.
9) Sydney is the biggest city in Australia, which has many places of interest, among which is the Opera House.
10) A walk around …is a feast for the mind as well as the eye.
Sample writing:
十堰市位于湖北省西北部，总面积2.5万平方公里，人口约340万，是一个只有几十年历史的城市；自然资源如矿产、森林、农产品等非常丰富；这里气候宜人，夏天不是太热，冬天不是太冷。武当山是十堰市著名的道教文化和风景胜地之一,每年吸引大量游客。也是中国著名的东风汽车公司和南水北调中线工程的发源地；交通便利、公共设施齐备；欢迎你来看看，必有收获。
(1)Shiyan is situated in the northwest of Hubei province, covering an area of 25,000 square kilometers. It has only dozens of years’history. The population of it is about 3.4 million. The climate is pleasant, neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. It is rich in natural resources, such as mines, forests, farm products, plenty fresh water and so on.
Being a must-see, Wudang Mountain, famous for its Taoism（道教） culture and beautiful scenery, attracts many tourists from all over the world every year.
With high-grade railways, highways and airport systems set up, Shiyan enjoys developed transportation and convenient facilities. As the birthplace to the famous Dongfeng Motor Corporation and the home to middle route project of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project , Shiyan occupies a decisive position.
I’m convinced that if you come here, a stroll around Shiyan is a feast for the mind as well as the eye.

(2)My hometown, Shiyan, which locates in the northwest of Hubei province, is a famous city all over China. And it has been on the way to modern big city like Beijing and Shanghai.
What is most famous in Shiyan, of course, is Wudang Mountain, as well as its long history which covers nearly two thousand years. As is known to all, it is Wudang Kungfu that has the same reputation as Shaolin Kunfu, and that is why the World Traditional Wu Shu Festival was held in Shiyan, and even twice!
The appearance of Shiyan is no longer what it used to be. The road, narrow in the past, has been widened, which is twice the width of it used to be. Some measures taken, the environment of my hometown has been improved a lot. Not only is the road wider and cleaner, but some advanced equipment comes into use, including bins on both sides of the road.
I love my hometown. May it be more beautiful and advanced. I’m looking forward to the day when my hometown is famous all over the world.
三 描述图表
（请根据对某校2004-2007年这段时间学生中拥有QQ号人数的调查写一篇文章，要求描述变化并得出结论，词数150左右。
As is shown in the chart, the rate of students who owned QQs increased in the past four years from 2004 to 2007. Back in 2004, only 20% of them have QQs; one year later, the rate becomes twice larger; compared with about 50% in 2006, the rate in 2007 rose to 60%. Clearly, it is tending to increase.
In my opinion, the increase can be accounted for two factors. For one thing, the widespread use of the Internet makes it convenient for students to communicate with each other. For another, QQ provides all kinds of entertainments, such as playing games and enjoying music. What’s more, QQ has gradually become the main means for the public to know the latest news. Personally, students should make proper use of and not be addicted to QQ, and only so can it serve its purpose beautifully.
描述图表解题指导
考生可从以下三个方面着手：
1.开门见山地点明该该图表所反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有:table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。
2.分析数据见的主要差异及趋势,可采用分类式或对比式，并阐明理由。
A.写好图表作文的关键是记住一些常用的词和短语。例如：
a.描述图表变化趋势的词语：
上升：increase/ rise/ go up/ shoot up；下降：decrease/ reduce/ come down/ decline/ drop/ fall； 快：quickly/ rapidly/ sharply/ dramatically; 慢:slowly/ gradually/ slightly；持续不变: remain steady/ remain unchanged
常用句型：在表格描述中常用as-clause。如:As is shown in…;As can be seen from…
b.表达比较与对比法常用句式与词语：
There are a lot of similarities between … and…；…is similar to…；similarly, likewise, in comparison, just like;
The difference between … and … lies in…；on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand
c.分析原因的词语：
lead to, result in, cause, be responsible for, account for, contribute to
d.表示一段时间始末的词组：
between 1986 and 1990; during/over the period from 1986 to 1990…
B.重点要突出：在行文过程中要注意，不要盲目地引用过多的或全部的表格上数据，不要做毫无目的、没有主次的数据的堆砌。除了可以直接引用有代表性的关键数字外，应该有目的地进行简单的计算，指出增减的百分比、倍数或绝对数字来。
3.归纳总结或发表看法。常用短语和句型: in a word, in short;It’s clear from the chart that…;We can draw the conclusion that …;We can learn/know that…等
四.书信、电子邮件
假如你是Liming, 你的朋友Lihua就高中选修科目的选择向你征求意见，请根据他发来的email进行回复.
Dear Liming,
I feel sorry for the dilemma you are facing. In my opinion, if you weigh up the pros and cons of your idea and your parents’, you will find your parents’ makes much more sense. Among my classmates, many choose science, such as chemistry and biology, just because science can provide more and better job opportunities than arts in the long run. Admittedly, some choose their electives on the basis of interest, saying they can enjoy what they are doing. But we may lose interest in what we always enjoy doing one day. Therefore, we cannot fully rely on interest to lead our way. You know the saying that it is no use doing what you like and you have got to like what you do. So it’s my sincere hope that you might just as well follow your parents’ opinion.
Yours,
Lihua
书信、电子邮件类写作指导
1.开头语：
1) 常用开头语
a. How are you getting on recently? b. Many thanks for your last letter.
2) 下面的开头语相当于汉语正式文体中的“某某人敬启”。
a. I write in a hurry to inform you that… b. I’m very much delighted to inform you that…
2. 结尾语
常用结尾语有：
a. Good luck to you ! b. Please give my best wishes to …
c. Wish you good health and remember me to…! d. We are waiting for your good news.
e. I hope to receive your early reply. f. We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
五.演讲稿
(2008江苏卷)实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为“Being a Good Listener”的英文演讲稿。
为何倾听
表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系
谁来倾听
家长倾听孩子
理解孩子，消除代沟，……
老师倾听学生
了解学生，满足需求，……
同学相互倾听
增进友谊，互帮互学，……
怎样倾听
（请考生联系自己拟定内容，列举两至三点。）
注意：1、对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2、词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
3、演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。
Good afternoon, everyone,
The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”.
Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship.Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children, so they will understand them better, and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed.
What I want to stress is that each of us should listen to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.
Thank you for your listening!
注意：
高考演讲稿以发言稿为主。发言稿总是以第一人称的口吻写，开头往往有称呼语，如“Boys and girls”, 或问候语，如 “Good morning/afternoon!”演讲稿的文字。演讲稿必须注意格式，即：称呼；问候；介绍；表述心情和谢意；介绍演讲的标题；演讲的内容；再次表示感谢。
六.对比观点题型议论文
要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1．有一些人认为… 2．另一些人认为… 3．我的看法…
（2005，全国Ⅱ）假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。
赞成迁出：
反对迁出：
1．游客多，交通堵塞
2．郊区环境好
1．建于1906年，中外闻名
2．搬迁易造成动物死亡
注意：1.词数100字左右，信的开头已为你写好。
2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇： 郊区—suburb
Dear Editor ,
Recently ,our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However ,other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years ,and is well –known at home and abroad .So it should remain where it is .What’s more ,moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
七.阐述主题题型议论文
要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述:
1.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义 2.分析并举例使其更充实
阐述主题题型作文写作步骤:
第一段:总体描述:先用一句话描述当今社会的某种现象或者事物,并且用简单的话扩展说几句：主题句＋扩展句
第二段:举例说明现象：主题句＋举例1+举例2+举例3
第三段:表明自己的观点并结束全文：在结尾的时候，一定要表明自己的观点
Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pollutions. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:
1.目前污染问题已经成为人们普遍关注的一个问题 2.造成污染问题的原因； 3.解决办法。
Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry. Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment. And this is threatening the survival of the human race.
The real problem with pollution is people. It is people that throw millions of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas. It is also people that destroy biologic balance of nature. Ironically, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants.
We must do something to solve our environmental problems. First of all, we must let everyone see the importance of keeping our environment clean. Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled. Only when everyone makes a joint-effect to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.
［写作模板：架构阶段］
第一段：
主题句:________has become a serious problem about which we worry.
扩展句:1.Wherever we turn, we find ________.
2.And this is threatening the survival of the human race.
第二段：
主题句:The real problem with _______ is _____.
扩展句:1.It is ____ that _____.
2.It is also _____ that ________.
3.Ironically, it is _______ itself that _____.