七下英语知识点归纳.doc

七年级下学期常用词语的用法
1. play的用法
play—plays---played
1) play+球类运动/象棋/牌/游戏
play basketball/football/soccer/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/badminton/chess/cards/games
2) play+the+乐器名词
play the volin/piano/guitar/drums
3) play with 和……一起玩
2. say, speak, talk., tell的区别
1）say+说的内容： say—says—said say to sb sb say(s)/said, “……”
2) speak—speaks—spoke speak+语言（English/Chinese/French）
3) talk—talks—talked talk to/with sb talk about sth
4)tell—tells---told tell sb sth tell sth to sb
Tell sb to do sth tell sb not to do sth tell sb how to do sth
跟踪训练：
1.I want to ________ to you about this thing.
2. The children __________, “Good morning.”
3. Let me _________ you a story about my father.
4. She can’t ________ English. Please _________ it in Chinese.
3. be good with 善于应付……的， 对……有办法
be good at/do well in +名词/代词/doing 擅长于……
be bad for 对……有害 be good for 对……有益
be late for 迟到 be afraid of 害怕
be strict with sb be strict in sth
4.在肯定句中表示“和”用and，在否定句中用“or”
I like dumplings _________ orange juice.
I don’t like onions __________ green tea.
5. join the sports/swimming/story telling/art/ music/chess club
Join sb
6. too, also, either 的区别
1）too 用在肯定句中，用在句末。
I like swimming, She likes swimming,__________
2) also 用在肯定句中，用在be动词，助动词，情态动词之后。实义动词之前。
I likes noodles. She _______ likes noodles.
3) either 用在否定句中，用在句末。
I don’t like apples. She doesn’t like apples, __________.
7. busy 反义词 free
be busy with sb be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
be free= have time
8. help sb (to) do sth ask sb to do sth/ask sb not to do sth
teach sb to do sth/teach sb not to do sth
want to do sth =would like to do sth
want sb to do sth =would like sb to do sth
make/let sb do sth
see/watch/hear/feel sb doing sth 表动作正在进行
see/ watch/hear/feel do sth 表动作发生的全过程或经常发生的动作
9. help with sth 在某方面帮助 help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人
10. like to do love to do start to do
like doing love doing start doing
help to do sth
remember/forget to do 记得/忘记要去做某事（还未做）
remember/forget doing 记得/忘记做过某事 （已经做了）
11. enjoy/ practice/finish doing sth
介词+doing sth
go+doing go fishing/camping/shopping/boating
do some/the +doing do some shopping/cleaning/washing
have (great/a lot of) fun doing sth
have a good /great time doing sth 做某事很高兴
have some problems doing sth 做某事有问题
just right for doing sth 正好适合做某事
thanks for + doing sth/名词/代词（宾）
thank sb for + doing sth/名词/代词（宾）
12. get dressed (in) 穿衣服
dress sb /oneself 给某人/自己穿衣服
13. 时间的表达法
1）直接表达法。用基数词 6:20 six twenty 7:45 seven forty-five
2) 用past to 基数词表达
①当分钟小于等于30时， 分钟+ past+小时
6:20 twenty past six
6:15 a quarter past six
6:30 half past six
②当30<分钟<60时，结构为：（60-分钟）+to+（小时+1）
7:34 twenty-six to eight 7:45 a quarter to eight
14. 交通工具：
动词短语： 介词短语：
take the bus by bus on the bus
take the train by train on the train
take the subway by subway on the subway
take a boat by boat on/in a boat
take the plane by plane/air on the plane
ride a bike by bike on a bike
walk on foot
15. spend, take , pay, cost 的区别
1）spend--- spends--- spent
sb spend(s)/spent some time/money (in) doing sth
sb spend(s)/spent some time/money on sth
I spend half an hour __________(finish) my homework every day.
2) take--- takes ----took
It takes/took sb some time/money to do sth
It takes me half an hour ________(finish) my homework every day.
3) cost----costs-----cost
sth cost(s) sb some money
4) pay---pays---paid
sb pays/paid some money for sth
16. how long 对时间段提问 多长时间 多久
how far 对距离提问 多远
how often 对频率副词或表示频率的短语提问 多久一次
how many 对可数名词的数量提问 多少
how much 对不可数名词的数量提问 多少
how much 对价格提问 多少钱
how 对程度，交通方式，健康状况提问 怎么样
例如：1. There are sixty students in our class.
2. There is two glasses of juice in the fridge.
3. He goes to school on foot.
4. It takes him half an hour to get to school.
5. The sweater is fifteen dollars.
6. I go home every Friday afternoon.
7. It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from my home to school.
8. It’s about 10 kilometers from the supermarket to the bank.
17. It is/was +形容词+for sb + to do sth 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样
18. It’s time for sth
It’s time to do sth 是该做某事的时间了
19. 动词/介词 +宾语从句（从句用陈述语序）
1）I want to know _________________________(Bob 住在哪？)
2）__________________________(Bob 住在哪？)
20. get to, arrive at/in reach的区别：
1）get----gets----got
get to +地点名词 （school）
get here/there/home
2) arrive--- arrives---arrived
arrive at +小地点名词 arrive in +大的地点名词
arrive here/there/home (地点副词)
3）reach--- reaches---- reached reach 及物动词
reach+ 地点名词/副词
21. too many, too much, much too的区别：
too many +复数名词
too much +不可数名词
动词+too much
much too +形容词/副词
There are ___________(太多) rulers at my home.
There is ___________(太多) juice in the fridge.
Eating ___________(太多) is bad for our health.
The box is ___________(太) heavy for me.
The sweater is ___________(太) small for him.
22. a lot of /lots of /many/ much的区别：
a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数 =many +可数名词复数
+ 不可数名词 = much + 不可数名词
quite a lot of +可数名词复数/不可数名词 相当多
Thanks a lot I saw quite a lot
23. a little, little, a few, few, a bit (of) 的区别：
1）a little 一点，少许
a little +不可数名词= a bit of + 不可数名词
a little +形容词/副词= a bit /kind of +形容词/副词
2）little 一点也没有 little反义词 much little+不可数名词
3）a few 一些，几个 a few +可数名词复数= some +可数名词复数
4）few 几乎没有 few 反义词 many few +可数名词复数
quite a few 相当多 very few 非常少
24. some， any的用法
some/any +可数名词复数/不可数名词
some 用在肯定句中， any用在否定句和疑问句中。
I can see _________ cups on the table.
There aren’t __________ vegetables in the fridge.
Is there ___________ mutton in the noodles?
当疑问句表示邀请，请求，建议，反问等，多希望得到肯定的回答时，用some而。不用any。
Would you like ________ like?
May I ask you __________ question?
any 有时也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个；任何一些”
I can see you ___________ time on Monday.
You can choose ____________ one of them.
25.write (a letter) to sb 给某人写信
write sb sth write sth to sb
write down +名词 write +名词/代词宾格 +down 写下
26. either ……or 要么……， 要么…… 或者……，或者……
I _________ watch TV __________ do my homework on weekends.
连接两个主语时，谓语根据就近原则。
Either my father or my mother _________(cook) at home.
Either she or I _________(help) you study English.
27.exercise 1）动词 单三_________ 过去式_________ 现在分词_________
2）名词 1.作锻炼，运动讲时，为不可数名词
2.作体操，练习讲时，为可数名词，体操常用复数形式
I do English _________(练习) every day.
take/do exercise 做运动 do morning exercise 做早操do eye exercises做眼保健操
28.1）有连字符连接的“基数词-名词单数-形容词”结构，相当于一个复合形容词，一般用在名词前作定语。 11-year-old 11岁的
2)无连字符连接的“基数词+名词+形容词”结构一般用在be动词后作表语，当基数词大于1时，名词用复数。 eight years old 8岁
The boy is __________________________(12岁)
He is a _________________________(12岁的) boy.
29.1)kind of 稍微，有点 a kind of+adj/adv=a little+adj/adv
2) a kind of一种，a kind of+名词
3）all kind of各种各样的all kind of+名词复数
4）different kinds of 不同种类的different kinds of+名词复数
30.特殊疑问词
1）what 提问事物，什么
2）why 提问原因，为什么
3）when 提问时间，什么时候 what time 提问时刻，什么时间
4）where 提问地点，在哪里
5）who/whom 提问人，who提问主语，宾语，whom提问宾语
6）how提问方式，方法，程度，交通工具，“怎样”
1. ________ do you like pandas? Because they are very cute.
2. ________do they live? They live in Pairs.
3. ________do you finish your homework? At nine.
4. ________did you visit the Science Museum? Three months ago.
5. ________is he doing? He is cooking dinner.
6. ________do you get to school? On foot.
7. ________is the girl over there? Mary.
8. ________do you play with? Jim.
9. ________cooks dinner? My mother did.
10. ________was your school trip? It was great.
31.1)对星期提问用what day
2）对日期提问用 what is/was the date
3）询问职业:what +be+主？what do/does +主+do? What is +主’s job?
4)询问天气：how +be +the weather …? What +be+the weather like…?
5)询问外貌：what do/does +主+look like?
1)It was Saturday yesterday? __________________________
2) It is September tenth. __________________________
3)My mother is a teacher. __________________________ ?
__________________________?__________________________?
4) The weather was cloudy in Shanghai? __________________________？
__________________________？
5）She is of medium height. __________________________
32. house , home , family
1)house 侧重指居住的房子
2)home 侧重指一个家庭共胜任的地方 “家”
3)family 侧重指家庭的“成员”
33. other, the other, others, the others, another
1)other 常用来修饰可数名词复数，只有在其他词的辅助下才能修饰可数名词单数
2）the other 表示已制定两个（或两部分）人或事物中，特指的“另一个”或“另一些”，其后可跟可数名词单数或复数，也可与one搭配，one。。。the other。。。一个。。。另一个。。。
3）others=other +可数名词复数，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分，some。。。others。。。一些。。。另一些。。。
4）the others=the other+可数名词复数，指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，余下的人或物的全部
5）another 泛指不确定数目中的另一个 another+单数可数名词=one more +单可数名词
another+基数词+可数名词=基数词+more +可数名词
We need another two hours. We need two more hours。
1） We need ________ (另一台) computer。
2） I can’t find my (另一只) ) shoe.
3） _________ hotels are all full.
4） ___________ students are carrying water, _________ are cleaning the classroom.
5） Some students are in the classroom. here are _____________
34. wish sb sth
wish to do sth
wish sb to do sth
eg: 1) ________ you a Happy New Year。
2) Susan wishes _________(have) a party.
3) Mom wishes me _________(win) the chess match.
35. any other 指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物
any other +可数名词单数
eg：Tom runs faster than _________________(其他的任何学生) in his class.