中考英语复习教案三形副词.doc

形容词和副词
【教学重点】
1. 形容词的用法；
2. 副词的用法；
3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；
4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。
【教学步骤】
         一. 形容词的用法
(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：
Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）
The fish went bad. （作表语）
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）
(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
You can take any box away, big or small.
(4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物
The rich should help the poor.
   二. 副词的用法
(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. （作状语）
Life here is full of joy. （作定语）
When will you be back? （作表语）
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes,
often, usually, always等。例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：
I don’t like the idea much.
They did not talk much.
2) too, either
这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3) already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：
He has already left.
Have you heard from him yet?
He hasn’t answered yet.
4) so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例如：
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
三.形容词，副词的比较级、最高级的构成
一）、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
　　       （二）、不规则变化

　下列单、双音节词只能加more和most.
　四.形容词，副词的比较等级的用法
（一）、原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too
例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
（1）“甲+be+（倍数）+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。
“甲+实意动词+（倍数）+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。
（2）“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如，He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。
（二）、比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿
even甚至，still仍然
例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。
She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
2.比较级常用的句型结构
（1）“甲+be+（倍数）+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。
“甲+实意动词+（倍数）+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
（2）“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词（+介词短语）”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
注意：The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。
“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词（+介词短语）”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
　　= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
　　= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
　　= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
　　注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。（迈克和汤姆不是同一个班）
　　（3）“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
　　例如，Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
　　（4）“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
　　例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
　　The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
　　He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
　　（5）“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
　　例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
　　（6）“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”
　　例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
　　“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”
　　例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？
　　3.最高级常用句型结构
　　（1）“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
　　This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
　　“主语+实意动词+（the）+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
　　例如，I jump （the） farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
　　（2）“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
　　例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
　　（3）“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
　　例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
　　“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较
　　例如，Which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
【实例解析】
1. (2004年北京市中考试题)
---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
---Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。
2. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)
He has made _______ progress this term than before.
A. little B. less C. fewer D. much
答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。
3. (2004年江西省中考试题)
---What delicious cakes!
---They would taste _______ with butter.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worse
答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。
4. (2004年河北省中考试题)
Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1．There are many young trees on        sides of the road.
　 A. every            　B. each             　C. both             　D. all
2．--- It’s so cold today.
　 --- Yes, it’s        than it was yesterday.
　 A. more cold        　B. more colder          　C. much colder      　D. cold
3．Little Tom has        friends, so he often plays alone.
　　A. more　         B. a little　             C. many             　D. few
4．She isn’t so        at maths as you are.
　 A. well　         B. good　             C. better　               D. best
5．Peter writes        of the three.
　 A. better　      B. best　                 C. good　             D. well
6．He is        enough to carry the heavy box.
　 A. stronger　         B. much stronger　   C. strong　          D. the strongest
7．I bought        exercise-books with        money.
　 A. a few; a few                         　　B. a few; a little   
　 C. a little; a few                          D. a little; a little
8．The box is        heavy for the girl        carry.
　 A. too; to　          B. to; too　          C. so; that　             D. no; to
9．The ice in the lake is about one meter       . It’s strong enough to skate on.
　 A. long　         B. high　             C. thick　            D. wide
10．Wu Lin ran        faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
　 A. so               　B. much             　C. very             D. too
11. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?
---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes
18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
---Right. The government spoke ______ that.
A. highly for B. high of
C. well of D. highly of
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
---We know, Miss Gao.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________(careful).
9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.
三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)
1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d________ countries.
2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u______.
3. Hawaii is f_______ its beautiful beaches.
4. He often takes an a______ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.
5. The performance was so w_______ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).
6. Jiefang Road is the b_____ street in our city.
7. She lay a______ for hours thinking over her business.
8. I like ball games very much, but my f_______ sport is playing basketball.
9. The boy is too l______ . He doesn’t want to do anything.
10. The dictionary is very u________ . It will help you a lot.
【练习答案】
一. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
二. 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest
三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite 9. lazy 10. useful
教学后记：

个性化设计