英语五大基本句型及练习.doc
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英语五大基本句型及练习 基本概念:与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。 句型一:主语+不及物动词 不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念, 不需要宾语及补语, 但有时可有副词, 介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park . 句型一的扩展:1.主语+不及物动词+状语 e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。) 2.There +不及物动词+主语 e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . There comes the bus . 3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式 e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息) 特别提醒 动词stop 可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时,通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。 e.g. They stopped taking a rest . 句型二 :主语+系动词+表语 系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。 e.g. My sister is a nurse . I feel quite hungry . The ball is under the desk . 句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。 e.g. We are learning English . Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing . She hopes to see her uncle. 句型四:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please. 特别提醒 A. 在此句型中, 通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。 e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her . Give the book to me , please . 直接宾语与间接宾语对调时,间接宾语前加介词to的动词有: give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给) 间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。 e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说:I handed our teacher it . C. 此句型变为被动语态时,可分为两种情况。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt . a. She was bought a skirt by her mother . b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother. 句型五:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 及物动词本身需要一个宾语外, 还需要一个名词,形容词,副词, 动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。 e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. The news made us sad. She saw the thief steal into the shop . The teacher asked me to answer the question . I found the man stealing the money . I found my money stolen . 特别提醒 A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系;过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。 B. 在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listen to (倾听),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式, 则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时, 则要带”to”. e.g. We hear her sing next door. She is heard to sing next door . C. 此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。 e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money. He was seen to steal the old man’s money . 英语五大基本句型练习 1.I am sorry to have kept you ____. a. wait b. to wait c. waiting d. waited 2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road. a. run b. ran d. to run d. running 3. Rose is going to have her hair _____. a. do b. done c. did d. doing 4. She felt somebody ___her. a. touched b. touches c. touch d. to touch 5. She taught him _____speak English. a. how b. how could he c. how he could d. how to 6.He didn’t enjoy the play because he ____. a. was boring b. bored c. was bored d. boring 7.I will make your dream ____. a. comes true b. to come true c. coming truly d. come true 8.He warned ____home . a. us to not go b. us not to go c. we not go d. us not go 9. Canned food does not go ____. a. bed easily b. badly easy c. bad easy d. badly easily 10.The sad news kept her ___all the night. a. awake b. waken c. wake d. to wake 11.I think ____a bad habit to get up late . a. that b. it c. this d. its 12.He found his money _____. a. steal b. stealing c. stolen d. to steal 13.Roses in bloom smell ____. a. sweetly b. sweet c. sweeten d. sweetness 14.We must have the machine ____. a. to repair b. repairing c. repair d. repaired 15.She was lying in the sofa ____a book. a. reading b. read c. to read d. to reading 16.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day. a. inform b. to inform c. informed d. informing 17.The speaker found himself ____all alone. a. left b. leave c. leaving d. to leave 18.The speaker found himself ____. a. misunderstand b. misunderstanding c. misunderstood d. to misunderstand 19.-My watch is broken. –Why don’t you ___. a. take a repairer your watch b. take your watch a repairer c. take to a repairer it d. take it to a repairer 20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldn’t find ____the hotel. a. how to return to b. how you could go for c. the way back for d. the way back to 21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____. a. made a cake to me b. made a cake me c. made for me a cake d. made me a cake 22. The teacher ____John a good student. a. believes b. knows c. suggests d. considers 23.It’s a fine day. Let’s go boating, ___? a. will we b. don’t we c. won’t we d. shall we 24.Don’t smoke in the classroom, ___? a. will you b. do you c. don’t you d. won’t you 25.He seldom has lunch at home, ____he? a. has b. hasn’t c. does d. doesn’t 26.We had to get up early, ___we? a. didn’t b. don’t c. had d. did 27.You had Tom do the job, ____you? a. did b. didn’t c. had d. hadn’t 28.Let us have another look, ____you? a. will b. would c. won’t d. wouldn’t 29.Nobody came, ___? a. didn’t he b. didn’t they c. did he d. did they 30.We ought to hand it in today, ____we? a. oughtn’t b. don’t c. shouldn’t d. won’t 31.We’d better wait for ten more minutes, ___? a. hadn’t we b. don’t we c. didn’t we d. wouldn’t we 32. I’d like a sandwich, ____? a. would you b. do you c. couldn’t you d. don’t you 33.This is the third time this week John has had to study late, ___? a. hasn’t he b. isn’t he c. hasn’t it d. isn’t it 34.You and I did it together, ___? a. didn’t I b. didn’t you c. did you d. didn’t we 35.They should have completed it earlier, ____? a. should they b. shouldn’t they c. have they d. haven’t they 36. You may take it if you want to, ___? a. mayn’t you b. don’t you c. shouldn’t you d. won’t you 37.You must have told Mr. Smith the secret, ___? a. mustn’t you b. must you c. haven’t you d. have you 38.She disliked the skirt his father bought her, ___? a. did she b. didn’t she c. was she d. wasn’t she 39.Tom said he was not there then, ___? a. didn’t he b. did he c. wasn’t he d. was he 40. I suppose he is honest , ___? a. don’t I b. do I C. isn’t he d. is he 41. I don’t think he is serious, ___? a. don’t I b. do I C. isn’t he d. is he 42.She’s finished the job, ____she ? a. doesn’t b. isn’t c. wasn’t d. hasn’t 43. –You aren’t a teacher, are you? a. Yes, I am not b. No, I am c. No, but I was d. Yes, I wasn’t 44.- ____is your sister? -She is a teacher in a middle school. a. Who b. What c. Which d. Where 45.-How are your parents? -_____. a. They are doctors b. They like sweet food c. They are fine d. They are fifty 46. -___will you get married to him. -In a month. a. How soon b. How long c. How often d. How much 47. There ____two films this week in our school. a. is b. have c. have been d. has 48. There ____a lot of news about the fire on TV last night. a. was b. had c. were d. is 49.There used to be a temple there, ____? a. usedn’t it b. used there c. didn’t it d. didn’t there 50. There ___ a stream in front of our house. a. lies b. has c. stand d. lie 4- 配套讲稿:
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