高一英语必修三知识点总结.doc

第一单元复习
1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死
Shes starving herself trying to lose weight.
她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。
常用结构：
starve for渴望得到……
starve to death 饿死
be starved of极需，缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事
The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。
They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start.
starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
2. belief n. \[C/U\] 信任；信仰，信心
believe vi.&vt. 相信
have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心
beyond belief 难以置信
in the belief that ... 相信……
It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。
She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。
3. gain
n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润
vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快
He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is.
The company has made notable gains in productivity.
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。
易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。
win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。
get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。
earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。
4. award
vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定
n.奖，奖品；奖金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
He got the highest award in the contest.
award/prize/reward
award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。
He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.
He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。
admiration n. 赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物
admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人
express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩
have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人
in admiration of 表示钦佩
with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。
I admire him for his success in business.
Aren‘t you going to admire my new house?
联想拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物
suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
demand answer of sb.要求某人答复
ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
6. remind
vt. 提醒；使想起
常用结构:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.
7. permission n. \[U\]许可，允许
permit vt. 准许，许可，允许 n. 许可(证）；执照
常用结构：
with/without (ones) permission 得到允许/未经允许
ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可
give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
have ones permission 得到某人的同意
8. clothing n. (总称)衣服，服装\[U\]
Check your belongings and make sure you dont leave your articles of clothing behind.
Food, clothing and shelter are everyone‘s priorities.
易错辨析
clothing/clothes/cloth
clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词；
clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。
选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.
②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more .
③How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl?
答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth
9. take place发生；举行
In the meantime, an economic crisis took place in that country.
The Olympic Games take place every four years.
联想拓展
take ones place=take the place of ...代替……
take the first place 获得第一名
in place of 代替
take place/happen/break out/occur
take place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。
happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。
break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
occur指按计划发生，常指（某想法、某事）出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构：It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。
It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
10. in memory of=to the memory of 纪念；追念
Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.
The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.
联想拓展
in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意
in praise of 歌颂；称赞
in favour of 赞同, 支持
in charge of 负责
in need of 需要；缺少
in search of 寻找
in possession of 拥有
11. dress up
dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as/like连用或用于dress up as sb./dress up for sth.结构。
We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!
They dress up for the occasion.
She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancydress ball.
联想拓展
be dressed in 穿着……衣服
be dressed as 打扮成
be well dressed 衣着讲究
dress oneself 穿衣，打扮
dress sb. 给某人穿衣服高手过招
搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fool’s Day.
孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。
Remember not to play any tricks on the disabled.
记住不要戏弄残疾人。
联想拓展
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
make fun of sb. 取笑某人
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
smile at sb. 向某人微笑
make a fool of 愚弄;嘲笑
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 （原创）
①Tom liked making fun others in public.
②It’s bad manners to laugh the disabled.
③These boys like playing tricks their teacher.
④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.
答案：①of②at③on④at
13. look forward to
期待某事／做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词)
We should look forward to the futurity.
我们应该展望未来。
I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.
我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。
带有介词“to”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆：
习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物，这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时，总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。
习惯于be (get) used to，坚持stick to，反对object to，导致lead to，献身于be devoted to，被宣判为be sentenced to，喜欢prefer...to，谈到come to，期待look forward to，增添add to，开始get down to。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to her. (2009·12·浙江杭州检测)
A.See B.have seen C.seeing D.be seeing
(2)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 （原创）
①The boy hurried forward (see) the worldfamous oil painting because he had been looking forward to (see) it for a long time.
②The day I had been looking forward to (come).
③I used to (get) up late, but now I’m used to (get) up early.
解析: (1)选C。句意为：她盼望他归来，就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句，完整的句子是：as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此处分析句子结构，同时熟知look forward to的用法即可突破。
(2)①to see; seeing②came③get; getting
14. turn up
出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn down)；到场
I’m sure your watch will turn up one of these days.
我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。
We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。
I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?
我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗?
turn against 反对；背叛
turn down （音量等）调小；拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开；发动
turn out 结果是……；证明是……
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
turn away 走开;转过脸去;把……打发走
turn in 进入；交出；上交
turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑
turn into把……变成……
高手过招
(1)单项填空
He promised to come yesterday，but he hasn’t yet.
(2009·12·浙江宁波检测)
A. turned in B. turned up
C. turned on D. turned out
(2)用适当的介词或副词填空 （原创）
①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned yet.
②It’s wrong to turn our motherland.
③Please turn the radio a bit; I’m doing my homework.
(3)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Don’t worry. The file is sure to .
②Please the television a bit, I can’t hear it clearly.
③It that it was Tim who broke the vase.
④The sad child his mother for comfort.
解析: (1)选B。考查短语辨析。turn in 进入；交出；上交；turn on打开；turn out 结果是……。均不符合句意。turn up 出现。
(2)①up②against③down
(3)①turn up②turn; up③turned out
④turned to
15. keep ones word
守信用；履行诺言；word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。
You should keep your word once you make it.
你一旦许诺就要遵守诺言。
You promised you would take the children to camp so you must keep your word.
你答应过要带孩子们去野营，所以你必须信守诺言。
联想拓展
break ones word 食言
get in a word 插嘴
in a/one word=in short总而言之
in other words 换句话说
word for word 逐词
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人争吵
word came that ...有消息传来…
高手过招
单项填空
She said she wouldn’t do it, and she did keep her .
(2009·12·江西修水检测)
A. Words B. word C. customs D. apology
解析:选B。句意为：她说她不会做那件事的，她确实履行了她的诺言。keep ones word 意为“履行诺言”。word意为“诺言”时，为不可数名词。
16. set off
出发；动身；使爆炸
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
你打算明天几点钟启程?
The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了6个人。
联想拓展
set off for a place 出发到某地
set about doing sth.开始（某工作）；着手做某事
set out 从某地出发上路
set out to do sth.开始做某事
set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立
set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；
（为某目的）节省或保留金钱或时间
set down记下；写下
用set相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①The new government must finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.
②The children the fireworks in the yard.
③She a bit of money every month.
④They a statue in honour of the national hero.
⑤They’ve on a journey round the world.
答案：①set about②set off③sets aside
④set up⑤set off/out
重点句型
17. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
（节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花,看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
as though/as if 意为“好像”。
联想拓展
as though/as if引导方式从句和表语、状语从句：
①引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened.
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
注意：当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语中含有动词be时, 可把主语和be一起省略。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something.
他四下张望, 好像在寻找什么。
②引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain.看样子要下雨了。
③as though和as if从句是用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
高手过招
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（原创）
①The pencil looks as if it (break) with half of it in the glass of water.
②Li Ming speaks English very well as though he (be) an Englishman.
③It seems as if our team (be) going to win.
④He talks about pyramids as though he (see) them himself.
答案：①were broken②were③is ④had seen
18. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...
很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开……
It was obvious/clear that ...= obviously/ clearly, ... 表示“很明显……，显而易见……”。属于It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+thatclause 结构。
联想拓展
It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that+sb. should do 必要的/重要的是/奇怪的/自然的是某人应该……
It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that+sb. should do
遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人应该……
It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ ...+
that ...据说/判断/报道/宣布/预计……
It’s suggested/ordered that sb. (should) do建议/要求某人
（做）某事
Its no harm drinking running water in that area.
在那个地区喝自来水是无害的。
It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace.
很显然他们没有和平的诚意。
It is said that the tickets have been sold out. 据说票已售完。
高手过招
单项填空
used to be thought that the earth was square.
(2009·12·江西上饶检测)
A. He B. What C. It D. That
解析:选C。考查it用作形式主语的用法。that the earth was
square是真正的主语，而作形式主语的，只能是it。