状语从句复习与专练.doc

状语从句
一．定义：
起副词作用，修饰主句动作，表明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，条件，方式，目的，结果等。
We took photos there.
We took photos in front of the tower.
We took photos where stood the tower.
二．引导状语从句的从属连词分类

状语从句
从属连词

时间状语从句
when,while,as,since,before,after,till,until,once,as soon as,immediately,instantly,the moment,
the mimute,the second,the instant,the day,the first time,every/each time,…hardly…when…,
…no sooner…than…
地点状语从句
where, wherever, everywhere
原因状语从句
because, since, as, now (that), considering (that), in that
条件状语从句
If如果, unless除非, as/so long as只要, on condition that条件是, in case万一； only if只要, suppose/supposing (that)假如, provided/providing (that)假如
方式状语从句
as象…一样, as if/though仿佛, the way用…的方式
目的状语从句
in order that目的是, so that目的是, in case以免, for fear that以免, lest以免，以防
结果状语从句
so that以致, so/such…that如此…以致…
比较状语从句
...as…as… …not as/so…as… …than… …not such…as… …the same…as…

让步状语从句
though,although,as虽然(用在倒装句中),even if/though即使,while虽然,no matter who/what/when/where/how/why,无论是谁/什么/何时/何地/怎么/为什么whoever， whatever, whenever,wherever,however,whether…(or…)无论是…还是…, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that
三．使用注意点
1．时间状语从句
（1） when 可指“一段时间”也可指“时间点”，译为“在。。。期间”“就在。。。时候”，从句中的动作可以是持续的也可以是短暂的
while 只可指“一段时间” ，译为“在。。。期间” 从句中的动作是持续的
as 表示动作与主句动作同时发生，动作可以是短暂的也可以是持续的
He entered the room ___________ the meeting was going on.
_________ he comes, I’ll tell him about it.
_________ Jim was reading, Tom was writing.
_________ she saw me, she waved at me.
(2) 一些名词或副词可转化为连词，引导时间状语从句
表示“一…就…” the moment/minute/second/instant, immediately, instantly
表示“每当…” every/each time
表示“第一次…” the first time
表示“那一天/年…” the day/year
_________________ you arrive there, send me a telegram.
_________________ I saw her, I fell in love with her.
He rushed into his bedroom __________________ he heard the sudden noise.
（3）“…hardly…when”与“…no sooner…than…”连接两个动作时，表示动作几乎同时发生，当hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句中助动词提前倒装。
I had hardly/no sooner stepped out when/than it began to rain.
Hardly/No sooner had I stepped out when/than it began to rain.
（4）until和till引导的时间状语从句
相同点——肯定句中指“主句动作延续到until或till引导的时间为止”，否定句中指“主句动作直到until或till引导的时间为止才发生”
I waited until/till he came back. 我一直等到他回来。
I didn’t finish the work until/till he came back. 直到他回来我才完成了这项工作。
不同点——a. till一般用在非正式场合，until用法较为正式。
b. till引导的时间状语从句不可置于主句前，until引导的时间状语从句可置于主句前或后。
c. till一般不用于强调与倒装句式，until可以用与强调与倒装句式，且主句否定词not置于until从句前。
It was not until the war was over that he was able to return to his country.
Not until the war was over was he able to return to his country.
2. 地点状语从句
（1）注意区分where引导的地点状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句
This is the place (where he lives).
This is where he lives.
We have found where he lives.
We found him 【where he lived】.
We found the place (where he lived).
注意点：只有在定语从句中where才可换为“介词in/at/on/…+which”，但状语从句，名词性从句中不可以换。
（2）everywhere 副词---- 作状语
连词---- 引导地点状语从句
I have looked for the book everywhere. 副词
everywhere I have been. 连词
（3）wherever 引导地点状语从句
引导让步状语从句
Wherever he goes,he will buy his son a gift. 无论他去哪里，他都会给他儿子买个礼物。
他会在他去的任何地方买个礼物给他的儿子。
3．原因状语从句
（1）because 从属连词 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句后，语气最强，表示直接原因
since 从属连词 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句前，译为“既然”，表示已知的显然的理由
as 从属连词 引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句前，表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明
for 并列连词 连接两个并列句，前句表示推论，后句为作出推论的理由。
He didn’t come _________ he was ill.
He didn’t come _________ I didn’t see him in the hall.
_________ we didn’t see him, let’s begin our meeting without him.
（2）considering (that)…考虑到。。。
Considering (that) he is old, he is rather energetic.
Considering(=In view of) his old age, he is rather energetic.
（3）now (that)…既然。。。
Now (that) you have passed the driving test, you can drive alone.
（4）in that 基于。。。理由，因为。。。
He is thought to be the most suitable person for the job in that he has a rich knowledge of English.
4．条件状语从句
（1） if 如果，假如
unless 如果不，除非
I’ll go tomorrow unless it rains.
We won’t wait for him if he doesn’t come before 12:00.
unless he comes before 12:00.
注意点—— 不要将unless纯粹译为“除非”来解题，要替换为“if…not…”。
（2） only if “只要”，引导条件状语从句(=as/so long as=on condition that)
if only “要是。。。就好了”，后接一个完整句子（用虚拟语气），或引导条件状语从句
Only if you keep on trying, you can succeed.
If only she were with me!
（3）provided/providing (that)…; supposing/suppose (that)…; in case 表示“假如，万一”
Provided/Providing (that)
Supposing/Suppose (that) we don’t have a day off, what shall we do?
In case
5．方式状语从句
（1）as if/though意义为“仿佛，好像”引导方式状语从句或表语从句，可以用陈述语气，表示（可能）符合事实的情况；也可以用虚拟语气，表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况。
It looks as if/though it is going to rain/ It looks like rain.
He speaks as if/though he were a chinese.
He behaved as if/though he had been there.
（2）名词the way转化为连词引导方式状语从句，相当于as
We must do everything the way/as our teachers do.
6．目的状语从句
in order that/ so that “为了/目的是。。。”
in case/ for fear that/lest “以免/以防。。。”
He spoke loudly in order that/so that everyone could hear him.
He spoke loudly in case/for fear that people couldn’t hear him.
I watered the flowers lest they (should) die.
注意点——目的状语从句中用虚拟语气，常用表示说话者意愿的情态动词。Lest从句中常用should，should可省略。
7．结果状语从句
（1）so that可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句
He got up early so that he got to school on time. (结果)
so that he could get to school on time. （目的）
（2）“so/such…that…”结构中that引导的结果状语从句
such+a/an+(adj.)+可数名词单数+that
such +(adj.)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that
adj./ adv.
so+ adj.+a/an+n. +that…
many/much/little/few+n.
He works ________ hard that he succeeds in everything.
He was ________ a careless man that he ran into a tree.
He was ________ careless a man that he ran into a tree.
Marx made _____ rapid/_____ much progress in English that he wrote articles in English.
There is _____ little rain in this area that it is hard to grow crops here.
They are _____ little children that it is impossible for them to finish ____ difficult a task.
____ a difficult task.
注意点—— 与所修饰的部分一同置于句首时，主句中用部分倒装
So hard does he work that he succeeds in everything.
Such a careless man was he that he ran into a tree.
8．让步状语从句
（1）though, although引导让步状语从句，不能与并列连词but连用（否则句式矛盾），但可与副词yet,still搭配
Though he is young, but he knows a lot. (×)
Though he is young, (yet/still) he knows a lot. (√)
（2）as引导让步状语从句，需用倒装句，此时可用though但不可用although。
Hard as/though he works, he can’t succeed.（作状语的adv.位于句首）
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.（作表语的adj.位于句首）
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.（作表语的n.位于句首，单数可数n.前不用冠词）
Try as/though he may/might, he can’t succeed.（谓语v.原形位于句首，主语后用情态动词或助动词）
Try as/though he did, he didn’t succeed.
（3） wh-ever等(包括however) 引导让步状语从句和名词性从句
No matter wh-等(包括no matter how) 只引导让步状语从句
____________ breaks the law, he should be punished.
____________ breaks the law should be punished.
____________ you say, I won’t believe you.
____________ difficulty I may face, I’ll overcome it.
____________ the weather is, we’ll go outing.
____________ hard he works, he can’t succeed.
Whatever, however或no matter what/how引导让步状语从句时既可以单独充当成分，也可修饰名词和形容词副词。
（4）表示“无论是…还是…”意义，可用whether也可用no matter whether引导
Whether/No matter whether he comes (or not), we will start the meeting at once.
（5）if与while也可引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”
If he is poor, he is honest. ________________________________________
We will go out if it should rain. ________________________________________
We wouldn’t go out if it should rain. _______________________________________
While he is young, he is experienced. ______________________________________
While he was young, he didn’t get any schooling. _______________________________
Practice:
1. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens.
A. unless B. whether C. because D. while
2. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
3.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When
4. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.
A. though B. before C. until D. if
6. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A．As B．Since C．If D．While
7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
8. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day.
A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case
9. You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.
A.before B.once C.until D.though
10. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ______ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest.
A. why B. how C. unless D. where
11. He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________he could receover and return to work.
A.when B.before C.since D.that
12. there is a snowstorm or some other bad weather, the mail always comes on time.
A．Because B．If C．When D．Unless
13. tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.
A．However the weather is like B．However is the weather like
C．Whatever is the weather like D．Whatever the weather is like
14. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
15. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
16. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power out.
A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that
17. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table.
A. since B. although C. until D. before
18. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.
A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that
19. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.
A. once B. because C. if D. unless
20. —Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when D. because
21. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
22. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.
A. since B. if C. unless D. until
23. ---Are you ready for Spain？
    --Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.
A. while B. until C. if D. before
24.  ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although

25. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.
-----Ok, ______ you make it short.
A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time
26. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
27. _____ the Internet is of great help,I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A.If B. While C. Because D. As
28. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. though B. for C. but D. so
29. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.
A. even if B. which C. where D. so that
30. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However
31. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A. once B. when C. since D. although
32. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.
A. when B. until C. that D. where
33. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.
A. whether B. after C. how D. unless
34.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _   _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if                  B. when             C. which             D. since
35.    __ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A. Before             B. Where           C. Unless            D. Until
36. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
37. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy.
A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though
38. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.
A. before B. if C. while D. as
39. Peter was so excited _______he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A. where       B. that C. why         D. when
40. All the dishes in this menu,_________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as B. if C. though D. Unless
41.Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
　 A. though  B. as  C. since  D. unless
42. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic
possibilities around the world. 
A. whatever  B. whoever  C. wherever  D. whichever
43.One’s life has value _______ one brings value to the life of others.
  A. so that  B. no matter how  C. as long as  D. except that
44. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine, we’d better take it to the garage immediately．
A.Otherwise B.If not    C.But for that    D.If so
45.You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it.
A.even if B