初一英语音标入门.doc

初一英语音标入门

英语中有26个英语字母，26个字母组成了千千万万个英语单词。要想会拼读单词，必须学会48个国际音标。
一．元音字母 Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu 在单词中的发音
1. Aa的发音
开音节:［ei］name game age cake grade same face take
闭音节: [æ] and map bag thank am hand apple
2.Ee的发音
开音节：［i:］ he me she three meet bee see
闭音节: [e] egg pen desk pencil yes ten telephone
3.Ii的发音
开音节：［ai］hi five nine bike fine nice like
闭音节：[ i ] it is in six sit this Miss big pink
4.Oo的发音
开音节：[u:] do to two who
［əʊ］ no go home those phone hello zero
闭音节：［כ］ not box clock dog on cock
5.Uu的发音
开音节 [ u: ] ruler blue Lucy
[ ju:] use excuse student computer huge
闭音节 [Λ] bus cup mum but us number much
讨论：通过观察，同学们归纳一下什么是开音节？什么是闭音节？不求掌握，只理解即可。
上面通过5个元音字母我们学习了以下11音标：
[j]
［ei］［i:］［ai］［u］[ ju:] [u:] [æ] [ e ] [ i ] ［כ］[Λ]
二．掐头法学读音：Ff、 Ll 、Mm 、Nn 、Ss 、Xx。
读以上辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的发音
Ff[ef]  →[e][f] 去[e] →余[f] 例词：five knife friend
Ll[el]  →[e][l] 去[e] →余[l] 例词: apple spell double
Mm[em]→ [e][m] 去[e]→余[m] 例词: name am me my
Nn[en] → [e][n] 去[e] →余[n] 例词: nine pen ten
Ss[es]   →[e][s] 去[e] →余[s] 例词: bus this class
Xx[eks] →[e][ks] 去[e] →余[ks] 例词: six fox next box
三．去尾法学读音：Bb、Cc、Dd、Jj、Kk、Pp、Tt、Vv、Zz
 读以上辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音。
  Bb[bi:]  → [b][i:] 去[i:] →余[b] 例: book bag big   
Cc[si:]   →[s][i:] 去[i:] →余[s] 例: nice face pencil
  Dd[di:] →[d][i:] 去[i:] →余[d] 例: good desk dog
 Jj[dʒei]  → [dʒ][ei] 去[ei] →余[ dʒ ] 例: jeep just
  Kk[kei]  → [k][ei] 去[ei] →余[k] 例:book look cook
  Pp[pi:]   →[p][i:] 去[i:] →余[p] 例:pen map pink
  Tt[ti:]   →[t][i:] 去[i:] →余[t] 例: it ten but twelve
  Vv[vi:]   →[v][i:] 去[i:] →余[v] 例:five very seven eleven
  Zz[zi:]  → [z][i:] 去[i:] →余[z] 例:zero zoo
只要会字母名称音，用掐头法、去尾法轻而易举地掌握12个辅音字母的读音:
[f] [l] [m] [n] [s] [k] [b] [dʒ] [p] [t] [v] [z]
四．对比法学读音：与汉语拼音区别对照学习g, h, y, w, r 5个辅音 
 汉语拼音 g h y w r
 英语读音 g [ g ] h[ h ] y [ j ] w[w ] r[ r ]
g good get bag dog h he hi hat hen
y yes young yellow w we where woman
r red zero right friend
五．字母组合记忆法：ch sh ck qu
ch [t∫ ] China Chinese much teacher chicken
sh [ ∫ ] she English fish ship short shop
ck [ k ] black clock lock blackboard sock
qu [kw ] quarter quiz quick quite
六．th的发音。
th[Ɵ] three[Ɵri:] 三 mouth[mauƟ] 嘴 thirteen think
th[ð] this[ðis] 这 that[ðæt] 那 they father mother
七．中元音：[ʌ] [З:] [ǝ]
[ʌ] u bus but number must mum much
o some love come son mother worry
ou double young touch cousin
[З:] ir girl thirteen shirt bird first sir skirt
er her term
ur purple nurse purse hurt Thursday turn return
or work word worker world
[ǝ] er later teacher father mother computer sister
or doctor visitor forget
a about banana woman
o welcome o’clock
八．鼻（辅）音：[m] [n] [ŋ]
[m] m my name me same game mom welcome
[n] n nine pen ten then and on in only need
[ŋ] n morning thank [Ɵæŋk] long[lɒŋ] pink think
九．后元音：[ɑ:] [ɔ:] [ɒ] [u:] [ʊ]
[ɑ:] ar are car arm star farm farmer guitar park
a class ask father banana glass past after aunt
[ɔ:] or morning short forty order sort for
al tall small hall ball call wall
our your four pour
au daughter because
ar warm quarter war warn
[ɒ] o not box dog shop bottle mom wrong long
a what want watch
[u:] oo too school cool zoo room afternoon food
o do to who whose
u blue ruler Lucy
[ʊ] oo book look good cook foot u put full
十．破擦音：[tr] [dr] [ʧ] [ʤ] [ʦ] [ʣ]
[tr] tr tree try train [dr] dr dress driver drink
[ʧ] ch China teacher much [ʤ] j\g orange jeep
[ʦ] ts cats it’s what’s [ʣ] ds beds friends
十一. 摩擦音[h] [r] [j] [Ʒ] [w]及舌侧音 [l]
[h] he hello his [r] red right [j] yes young yellow
[w] we what one[wΛn]一（特殊发音） [l] apple little let
十二. 20个英语元音音素归类：
前元音：[i:] [І] [e] [æ]
[i:] e me he she we
ee see meet three tree thirteen green free need
ea teacher please seat teach speak eat
[І ] i big is this six pink will him with kid fish
[e] e egg desk pen ten seven telephone eleven friend
ea head bread breakfast heavy sweater
a many any
[æ] a and thank apple can map cap cat

中元音：[ʌ] [З:] [ǝ]
[ʌ] u bus but number us much up
o some love come son worry does
ou double young touch cousin country
[З:] ir girl thirteen shirt skirt sir first bird third
ur purple purse turn return Thursday
er her term
or work worker word
[ǝ] er teacher later number
后元音：[ɑ:] [ɔ:] [ɒ] [u:] [ʊ]
[ɑ:] ar are car arm a class ask father
[ɔ:] or morning short forty
al tall small hall
our your four
[ɒ] o not box dog a what want watch
[u:] oo too cool school zoo
o do to who woman(变成复数后o的发音要变化)
u blue ruler
[ʊ] oo book look good u put full
双元音：[eI] [aI] [ɔI ] [əʊ ] [aʊ] [Iə] [eə] [ʊə ]
[eI] a□e name same grade cake face take(除have外)
ay say day play way pay today
ai wait afraid paid train again
ei eight weight
[aI] i□e fine nine nice five knife wide time like kite
（give和live除外）
i hi high right light
y my bye shy fly try
[ɔI] oy boy toy joy oi boil oil
[əʊ] o□e nose those home
oa coat boat road
o no go zero
ow yellow window know
[aʊ] ow how now brown
ou mouth about round
[Iə] ear year ear dear hear
ere here
ea idea really theater
[eə] ear wear pear bear
ere where there
air hair chair pair
eir their
[ʊə] oor poor ure pure sure[ʃʊə]
六．28个英语辅音音素归纳
[ p ] p map keep pig [ b ] b boy bag book
[ t ] t it that tall [ d ] d good desk bed
[ k ] k book look kill [ g ] g good go egg
c cat cap picnic
ck black clock back
[ f ] f fine knife five [v] v love eleven seven ph phone telephone photo
[ s ] s see bus class [ z ] z zoo zero zone
c nice face city s his nose those
[ ϑ ] th thank three mouth [ ð ] th this that these
[ ∫ ] sh fish English ship [ʒ ] s usually pleasure
[ t∫ ] ch China teacher much [dʒ] ge orange age page
j jeep joy job
[ tr ] tr tree try train [ dr ] dr driver drink dress
[ ts ] ts cats hats gets [ dz ] ds beds kinds friends
[ h ] h he head hello [ r ] r red right rain
[ m ] m me name my [ n ] n no name nine
[ ŋ ] ng\n sing long thank [ l ] l let lot like
tall full well
[ j ] y yes year yellow [ w ] w what we work
8